The Cluster Active Archive: Studying the Earth's Space Plasma Environment

488 Pages·2010·17.5 MB·English

by  H. Laakso

Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
The Cluster Active Archive
Studying the Earth’s Space Plasma
Environment
Harri Laakso
Editor
ESA/ESTEC,Noordwijk,TheNetherlands
Matthew G.T.T. Taylor
Editor
ESA/ESTEC,Noordwijk,TheNetherlands
C. Philippe Escoubet
Editor
ESA/ESTEC,Noordwijk,TheNetherlands
123
Editors
Dr.HarriLaakso Dr.C.PhilippeEscoubet
EuropeanSpaceAgency EuropeanSpaceAgency
EuropeanSpaceResearch&Technology EuropeanSpaceResearch&Technology
Centre(ESTEC) Centre(ESTEC)
Keplerlaan1 Keplerlaan1
2200AGNoordwijk 2200AGNoordwijk
Netherlands Netherlands
[email protected] [email protected]
Dr.MatthewTaylor
EuropeanSpaceAgency
EuropeanSpaceResearch&Technology
Centre(ESTEC)
Keplerlaan1
2200AGNoordwijk
Netherlands
[email protected]
ISSN1570-6591 e-ISSN1570-6605
ISBN978-90-481-3498-4 e-ISBN978-90-481-3499-1
DOI10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009934513
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Preface
Magnetospheric physics started more than 50 years ago when many of the first
satellites carried detectors to explore the space environmentaround the Earth and
made plenty of new discoveries. The first findings inspired the development of a
plethoraof scientific satellites in the1960sand 1970sexploringnear-Earthspace,
whichwasfoundtohaveseveraldistinctregionswiththeirownstructuralanddy-
namicalcharacteristics. Since then magnetosphericphysicshas remained a strong
space science discipline, not only for its own sake but also because near-Earth
space providesus with a unique space laboratory where we can investigate phys-
ical processes of tenuouscollisionless plasmas with in-situ instruments and apply
the resulting understandingto physical phenomenaobserved in more exotic envi-
ronmentsoftheSolarSystemandoftheUniverse.
Forlongtimemagnetosphericresearchwascarriedoutonlybymeansofsingle
spacecraft.Inthe1970sthesciencecommunityrealizedthatoneneedscoordinated
simultaneousobservationsfromseveralsatellitesinordertomakeamajorstepfor-
ward in magnetospheric and space plasma physics. In particular the ISEE (three
satellites), GEOS(twosatellites) andDE(two satellites) programsprovidedmany
newdiscoveriesthatsinglespacecraftmeasurementscouldnotachieve.Inparticular
itwasthedualspacecraftconstellationofISEE-1andISEE-2thatofferedthefirst
opportunity to improve the understanding of spatio-temporal features in physical
processes of space environmentwhile the other previousmissions were separated
byverylargedistancesandwereondifferentorbits,soonecouldnotseparatespatial
andtemporalfeatures.
Inearly1980sthesciencecommunitystarteddreamingaboutthenextgeneration
ofmulti-satelliteconstellationmission,theculminationofwhichcamein1982when
agroupofscientistsproposedafour-satellitemission,calledCluster,toESA.After
theassessmentstudies,theClustermission,togetherwiththeSOHOmission,were
selected as the first cornerstone of the ESA’s Horizons2000 Programmein 1986.
Unfortunately,after 10yearsof hardworktheCluster satellites were dramatically
destroyedbythe failureof thefirst flightof Ariane5 on4 June1996.However,it
wasdecidedsoonafterthatthemissionwasofsuchhighimportancetothescience
communitythatthesatellitesandpayloadmustberebuilt,and4yearslaterthefour
ClusterspacecraftweresuccessfullylaunchedinpairsontwoSoyuzrocketsinJuly
andAugust2000.After1yearofsuccessfuloperations,themissionwasextended
v
vi Preface
for an additional35 months, up to December 2005.Later the mission was further
extendedfor4yearsuntiltheendof2009,andanewextensionproposalhasbeen
submittedtorequestfurtheroperationsbeyond2009.
Duringthefirstextension,ESAdecidedtoestablishtheClusterActiveArchive
(CAA)tocontainallprocessedandvalidatedhigh-resolutionscientificdata,aswell
as raw data, calibration data and documentation from all the Cluster instruments.
ThisisessentialinordertopreserveallClusterobservationsinastable,long-term
archiveforscientificanalysiswellbeyondtheendofthemission.TheCAAactivi-
tiesstartedin2004and2yearslaterinFebruary2006,theCAAopenedservicesto
thecommunity.
TheClustermissionhasheldscienceworkshopstwiceayearsinceautumn2001,
whichhashelpedbringtogetherscientiststocompareandexchangetheirobserva-
tions and begin new collaborations. Before the CAA, scientists got access to the
ClusterobservationsviatheirpersonalcontactswiththeinstrumentPrincipalInves-
tigatorsandCo-Investigators.Nowandinthefuture,theCAAprovidestheprimary
access route to the Cluster observations.Soon after the CAA openingit was real-
ized thatwhile someof the Cluster datasets are quiteeasy to use, thereare plenty
ofcomplexdatasetswhoseusagemaynotalwaysbeobvious.Thereforeitwasde-
cidedtoorganizeaschoolfortheusersoftheCAAdatasets,whichwasorganized
togetherwiththe15thClusterscienceworkshopinordertoattractasmanyusersas
possible.ThedetailsofthisandotherworkshopscanbefoundattheCAAwebsite
http://caa.estec.esa.int/.
The15thCluster workshop,attendedby(cid:2)120people,washeldin HotelPlaya
la Arena (Puerto Santiago), Tenerife, Canary Islands, on 9–15 March 2008. The
workshopprovidedtheattendingcommunitywithanin-depthoverviewoftheCAA
data products and tools. In addition, attendees were able to discuss with instru-
ment team developers, the core CAA team and software developers. The packed
scheduleincludedpresentationsofinstrumentdatasets,softwaretoolsandtheCAA
infrastructureandwasinterspersedwithinvitedscientifictalksandseveraldedicated
sciencesessionsonthebowshock,solarwind,magnetopauseandcusp,themagne-
totailandinnermagnetosphere.Thefactthattheworkshop/schoolwashostedinthe
samelocationastheaccommodationwasfundamentalinthesuccessofthemeeting,
allowingattendeestocontinueworkingwithcolleaguesanddiscussingworkinand
aroundtheworkshophours.
This bookcontainspresentationsmade at the workshop,includingseveral arti-
clesabouttheCAAanditsdatasetsaswellasafewoverviewpapersontheCluster
mission. In addition all participants were offered an opportunity to publish their
scientificresultsonsolarwind/magnetosheath,magnetopause,andmagnetotail,pre-
sentedduringtheworkshopinthisbook.
Wewouldliketothankthefollowingpeoplefortheircontributionsinreviewing
the articles in this book: O. Alexandrova, A. Allen, M. Andre´, T. Asikainen,
A. A˚snes, R. Benson, J. Blecki, J. Borovsky, D. Burgess, J. Cao, N. Cornilleau-
Wehrlin, P. Daly, I. Dandouras, J. Davies, M. Dunlop, J. Eastwood, S. Elkington,
A. Eriksson, J. Faden, A. Fazakerley, J. Fennell, R. Friedel, T. Fritz, S. Fung,
E. Gamby, V. Ge´not, M. Goldstein, E. Grigorenko, B. Grison, M. Hapgood,
Preface vii
C.Harvey,R.Horne,C.Jacquey,Y.Khotyaintsev,L.Kistler,H.Kucharek,G.Le,
E.Lucek,J.McFadden,S.Milan,F.Mozer,J.Mukherjee,H.Opgenoorth,C.Owen,
G. Parks, M. Parrot, A. Pedersen, C. Perry, J. Pickett, P. Puhl-Quinn, J. Rae,
J.L. Rauch, A. Retino, A. Roux, V. Sergeev, A. Tjulin, K. Torkar, K. Trattner,
A.Walsh,Y.Wang,J.Weygand,J.Wild,andQ.Zong.
May2009 HarriLaakso,MatthewG.T.TTaylor,andPhilippeEscoubet
ViewontheTenerifeIsland
Contents
Preface............................................................................... v
PartI ProductsandServicesoftheClusterActiveArchive
1 ClusterActiveArchive:Overview.......................................... 3
H.Laakso,C.Perry,S.McCaffrey,D.Herment,A.J.Allen,
C.C.Harvey,C.P.Escoubet,C.Gruenberger,M.G.G.T.Taylor,
andR.Turner
2 ASPOCDataProductsintheClusterActiveArchive.................... 39
K.TorkarandH.Jeszenszky
3 ClusterIonSpectrometry(CIS)DataintheClusterActive
Archive(CAA)................................................................ 51
I.Dandouras,A.Barthe,E.Penou,S.Brunato,H.Re`me,
L.M. Kistler, M.B. Bavassano-Cattaneo, A. Blagau,
andtheCISTeam
4 DigitalWaveProcessorProductsintheClusterActive
Archive......................................................................... 73
K.H. Yearby, H.St.C. Alleyne, S.N. Walker, I. Bates,
M.P.Gough,A.Buckley,andT.D.Carozzi
5 EDIDataProductsintheClusterActiveArchive ........................ 83
E.Georgescu,P.Puhl-Quinn,H.Vaith,M.Chutter,J.Quinn,
G.Paschmann,andR.Torbert
6 TheEFWDataintheCAA.................................................. 97
Y.Khotyaintsev,P.-A.Lindqvist,A.Eriksson,andM.Andre´
7 FGMDataProductsintheCAA............................................109
J.M. Gloag, E.A. Lucek, L.-N. Alconcel, A. Balogh,
P.Brown,C.M.Carr,C.N.Dunford,T.Oddy,andJ.Soucek
ix
x Contents
8 PEACEDataintheClusterActiveArchive ...............................129
A.N. Fazakerley,A.D. Lahiff, R.J. Wilson, I. Rozum,
C.Anekallu,M.West,andH.Bacai
9 RAPIDProductsattheClusterActiveArchive...........................145
PatrickW.DalyandElenaA.Kronberg
10 STAFF Instrument Products Distributed Through
theClusterActiveArchive...................................................159
N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin,L.Mirioni,P. Robert,V. Bouzid,
M.Maksimovic,Y.deConchy,C.C.Harvey,andO.Santol´ık
11 ClusterWidebandDataProductsintheClusterActive
Archive.........................................................................169
J.S.Pickett,J.M.Seeberger,I.W.Christopher,O.Santol´ık,
andK.M.Sigsbee
12 TheWHISPERRelaxationSounderandtheCLUSTER
ActiveArchive.................................................................185
J.G.Trotignon,P.M.E.De´cre´au,J.L.Rauch,X.Vallie`res,
A.Rochel,S.Kougble´nou,G.Lointier,G.Facsko´,P.Canu,
F.Darrouzet,andA.Masson
13 ESOCDataProductsintheCAA...........................................209
J.VolppandD.Sieg
PartII ToolsfortheCAADataAnalysis
14 QSAS,QMScienceAnalysisSoftware.....................................225
A.J.Allen
15 FlexibleToolsforAccessingtheClusterArchives ........................233
E.Gamby,J.DeKeyser,andM.Roth
16 AMDA,AutomatedMulti-DatasetAnalysis:AWeb-Based
ServiceProvidedbytheCDPP..............................................239
C.Jacquey,V.Ge´not,E.Budnik,R.Hitier,M.Bouchemit,
M.Gangloff,A.Fedorov,B.Cecconi,N.Andre´,B.Lavraud,
C. Harvey,F. De´riot, D. Heulet, E. Pallier, E. Penou,
andJ.L.Pinc¸on
17 ClusterCAAModuleforPaPCo............................................249
J. Faden,A.A˚snes, R. Friedel,M.Taylor,S. McCaffrey,
C.Perry,andM.L.Goldstein
Contents xi
PartIII MeasurementTechniquesandCalibrationRoutines
18 Electron Density Estimation in the Magnetotail:
aMulti-InstrumentApproach...............................................261
A.Masson,O.Santol´ık,M.G.G.T.Taylor,C.P.Escoubet,
A.N.Fazakerley,J.Pickett,A.A˚snes,X.Vallie`res,H.Laakso,
andJ.-G.Trotignon
19 Cluster-PEACEIn-flightCalibrationStatus ..............................281
A.N.Fazakerley,A.D.Lahiff,I.Rozum,D.Kataria,H.Bacai,
C.Anekallu,M.West,andA.A˚snes
20 Generation and Validation of Ion Energy Spectra
BasedonClusterRAPIDandCISMeasurements........................301
Elena A. Kronberg,PatrickW. Daly, IannisDandouras,
SteinHaaland,andEditaGeorgescu
PartIV MagnetosphericMissions
21 TheClusterMission:SpacePlasmainThreeDimensions...............309
M.G.G.T.Taylor,C.P. Escoubet,H. Laakso,A. Masson,
andM.L.Goldstein
22 DoubleStar:Mission,InstrumentsandJointObservations.............331
M.W.Dunlop,C.P.Escoubet,Z.-X.Liu,C.Shen,H.Laakso,
M.G.G.T.Taylor,A.N.Fazakerley,andtheDoublestarPIs
PartV ObservationsofSolarWindandMagnetosheath
23 Effect of Shock Normal Orientation Fluctuations
onField-AlignedBeamDistributions.......................................349
K.Meziane,A.M.Hamza,M.Wilber,M.A.Lee,C.Mazelle,
E.A.Lucek,T.Hada,andA.Markowitch
24 WaveNumberSpectraintheSolarWind,theForeshock,
andtheMagnetosheath ......................................................363
Y. Narita,K.-H. Glassmeier,S.P. Gary,M.L. Goldstein,
andR.A.Treumann
25 ClusterHotFlowAnomalyObservationsDuringSolar
CycleMinimum...............................................................369
G.Facsko´,M.Ta´trallyay,G.Erdo˝s,andI.Dandouras