The Circle of Security Intervention Enhancing Attachment in Early Parent-Child Relationships PDF
Preview The Circle of Security Intervention Enhancing Attachment in Early Parent-Child Relationships
The CirCle of SeCuriTy inTervenTion The Circle of Security intervention Enhancing Attachment in Early Parent–Child Relationships Bert Powell, Glen Cooper, Kent Hoffman, and Bob Marvin Foreword by Charles H. Zeanah, Jr. The Guilford Press New York London © 2014 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Except as indicated, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LIMITED PHOTOCOPY LICENSE These materials are intended for use only by qualified professionals. The publisher grants to individual purchasers of this book nonassignable permission to reproduce all materials for which photocopying permission is specifically granted in a footnote. This license is limited to you, the individual purchaser, only for personal use or use with individual clients. This license does not grant the right to reproduce these materials for resale, redistribution, electronic display, or any other purposes (including but not limited to books, pamphlets, articles, video- or audiotapes, blogs, file-sharing sites, Internet or intranet sites, and handouts or slides for lectures, workshops, or webinars, whether or not a fee is charged). Permission to reproduce these materials for these and any other purposes must be obtained in writing from the Permissions Department of Guilford Publications. The authors have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards of practice that are accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in behavioral, mental health, or medical sciences, neither the authors, nor the editor and publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained in this book with other sources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Powell, Bert, 1948– The circle of security intervention : enhancing attachment in early parent–child relationships / by Bert Powell, Glen Cooper, Kent Hoffman, and Bob Marvin. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59385-314-3 (hard cover : alk. paper) 1. Attachment behavior in children. 2. Parent and child. I. Title. BF723.A75P69 2014 155.4′192—dc23 2013022255 The name Circle of Security and the Circle of Security graphic are trademarked. To the individuals and families we have worked with through the years: By opening your lives and sharing your most intimate stories, you became our most important teachers. About the Authors B ert Powell, Glen Cooper, and Kent Hoffman have been in clini- cal practice together in Spokane, Washington, for more than 30 years. They have worked as a team to translate complex clinical insights and developmental research into straightforward and accessible protocols for use with individuals and families. Since the early 1990s, they have focused specifically on applying object relations and attachment theory to clinical practice, a shared vision that led to the creation of the Circle of Security (COS). The three partners have served as consultants to university- and city- funded research projects involving COS protocols for a wide range of clients, including Head Start families, at-risk infants, street-dependent teenage parents, and incarcerated mothers. They have each received the Washington Gover- nor’s Award for Innovation in Child Abuse Prevention. They have coauthored numerous peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, many along with Bob Marvin, who served as principal investigator on the initial COS project, participated in the development of COS, and continues to be involved in imple- menting a COS model around the world. In 2013, all four authors received the Bowlby–Ainsworth Award from the New York Attachment Consortium for the development and implementa- tion of the Circle of Security Attachment Intervention. Cooper, Hoffman, and Powell formed Circle of Security International to provide training on COS early intervention, attachment theory, assessment, and differential diagnosis. In response to the need for a scalable COS model, they developed Circle of Security Parenting® (COS-P), an 8-week DVD protocol for use by clinicians and parent educators with groups, dyads, and individuals that has been trans- lated into multiple languages. This protocol can be learned in a 4-day training program, now available throughout the world. vii viii About the Authors Bert Powell, MA, began his clinical work as an outpatient family therapist in a community mental health center. During training in family therapy at the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in 1970, Mr. Powell became aware of the gap between cutting-edge treatment and intervention as practiced at the com- munity level and has devoted much of his career to closing that gap by receiving and then offering training and supervision. He is certified in psychoanalytic psychotherapy from The Masterson Institute of New York and is an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Counseling Psychology at Gon- zaga University in Spokane, Washington. Mr. Powell has a private practice and serves as an International Advisor to the editorial board of the Journal of Attachment and Human Development. Glen Cooper, MA, is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in private prac- tice. He has extensive training in object relations and family therapy and holds a certificate of Advanced Training in Infant Mental Health Assessment from Tulane University School of Medicine. Mr. Cooper’s commitment to social jus- tice steered him to work with homeless men, sexually abused children, and preschoolers from low-income backgrounds, and his work with Head Start teachers led to the development of COS in the classroom. Early in his career, Mr. Cooper worked part-time so as to share in the day-to-day experience of parenting, including serving as a treatment foster parent. He considers being home with children a vital foundation for his clinical work. Kent Hoffman, RelD, is a member of the Adjunct Faculty in the Department of Psychology at Gonzaga University. He spent the first decade of his career working with psychiatric patients in prison settings, individuals with termi- nal cancer, survivors of sexual abuse, and homeless persons on the streets of Los Angeles. In the late-1980s, while receiving certification in psychoanalytic psychotherapy through The Masterson Institute of New York, Dr. Hoffman designed treatment protocols for parents and young children. Since that time, he has focused on building the COS model, working with street-dependent teenage parents at a homeless shelter, and adult psychoanalytic psychotherapy. He is also exploring how object relations and attachment theory can inform our spiritual identity and practice. Bob Marvin, PhD, is Professor Emeritus in the School of Medicine at the University of Virginia and the founder and director of the Mary Ainsworth Attachment Clinic in Charlottesville. Dr. Marvin was an undergraduate stu- dent and research assistant with Mary Ainsworth at the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity. Throughout his career, he has conducted basic and clinical research, direct clinical work, and program development in the field of attachment across a wide range of ages and populations, and has also been involved in developing a number of attachment-related assessment procedures. foreword A ttachment theory and research have been of enormous inter- est to mental health practitioners for more than three decades. By linking certain behaviors in young children to specific motivations, the theory is clinically satisfying on at least two levels. First, it derives from and gives meaning to how infant behaviors are organized, that is, in the service of gaining proximity to attachment figures to feel more secure. Second, it sug- gests that behaviors derive from and inform mental representations that guide an individual’s experience of and responses to the attachment figure and later to others. These representations, or what Bowlby called internal working models, are metaphors for complex processes by which we per- ceive, interpret, and respond to others in intimate relationships. The simul- taneous attention that attachment theory gives to observable behavior and to the deeper meanings of those behaviors was uniquely appealing to many who were drawn to the richness of psychodynamic theories but impatient with their derivation from adult remembrances. Here was a theory that postulated that one could observe the behavior of young children and make meaningful inferences about the motivations, feeling states, and social rules of children as they interacted with important adults in their lives. Further, one could track these developmentally. Research that was derived from attachment theory, such as the pio- neering work of Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) on secure, avoidant, and resistant attachment, and later that of Mary Main and her colleagues on disorganized attachment (Main & Solomon, 1990) and the Adult Attachment Interview (Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985), further bolstered practitioners’ excitement that cherished clinical constructs, like transference and the compulsion ix
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