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The chemical weathering of rocks and migration of elements in the boreal zone PDF

268 Pages·2017·6.1 MB·English
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The chemical weathering of rocks and migration of elements in the boreal zone (North-West Russia) Ekaterina Vasyukova To cite this version: Ekaterina Vasyukova. The chemical weathering of rocks and migration of elements in the boreal zone (North-West Russia). Earth Sciences. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. English. ￿NNT: ￿. ￿tel-00410508￿ HAL Id: tel-00410508 https://theses.hal.science/tel-00410508 Submitted on 21 Aug 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TTHHÈÈSSEE En vue de l'obtention du DDOOCCTTOORRAATT DDEE LL’’UUNNIIVVEERRSSIITTÉÉ DDEE TTOOUULLOOUUSSEE Délivré par l'Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier Discipline ou spécialité : Géochimie de surface Présentée et soutenue par Ekaterina VASYUKOVA Le 27 janvier 2009 AAllttéérraattiioonn cchhiimmiiqquuee ddeess rroocchheess eett mmiiggrraattiioonn ddeess éélléémmeennttss ddaannss llaa zzoonnee bboorrééaallee ((NNoorrdd--OOuueesstt ddee llaa RRuussssiiee)) The chemical weathering of rocks and migration of elements in the boreal zone (North-West Russia) JURY A. Dia DR CNRS, Géosciences Rennes Rapporteur J. Ingri Professeur Luleå University of Technology Rapporteur S. Lapitsky DR Université d’Etat de Moscou Rapporteur F. Martin Professeur UPS, LMTG Toulouse Examinateur V. Shevchenko CR Académie des Sciences, Moscou Examinateur B. Dupré DR CNRS, OMP Toulouse Directeur de thèse O. Pokrovsky CR1 CNRS, LMTG Toulouse Directeur de thèse A. Shishkin Professeur SPbSTU, St.Pétersbourg Co-directeur de thèse Ecole doctorale : Sciences de l'Univers, de l'Environnement et de l’Espace Unité de recherche : Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie Directeur(s) de Thèse : Bernard Dupré, DR CNRS, Toulouse Oleg Pokrovsky, CR1 CNRS, LMTG Toulouse Alexander Shishkin, Professeur SPbSTU, St.Pétersbourg TTHHÈÈSSEE En vue de l'obtention du DDOOCCTTOORRAATT DDEE LL’’UUNNIIVVEERRSSIITTÉÉ DDEE TTOOUULLOOUUSSEE Délivré par l'Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier Discipline ou spécialité : Géochimie de surface Présentée et soutenue par Ekaterina VASYUKOVA Le 27 janvier 2009 AAllttéérraattiioonn cchhiimmiiqquuee ddeess rroocchheess eett mmiiggrraattiioonn ddeess éélléémmeennttss ddaannss llaa zzoonnee bboorrééaallee ((NNoorrdd--OOuueesstt ddee llaa RRuussssiiee)) The chemical weathering of rocks and migration of elements in the boreal zone (North-West Russia) JURY A. Dia DR CNRS, Géosciences Rennes Rapporteur J. Ingri Professeur Luleå University of Technology Rapporteur S. Lapitsky DR Université d’Etat de Moscou Rapporteur F. Martin Professeur UPS, LMTG Toulouse Examinateur V. Shevchenko CR Académie des Sciences, Moscou Examinateur B. Dupré DR CNRS, OMP Toulouse Directeur de thèse O. Pokrovsky CR1 CNRS, LMTG Toulouse Directeur de thèse A. Shishkin Professeur SPbSTU, St.Pétersbourg Co-directeur de thèse Ecole doctorale : Sciences de l'Univers, de l'Environnement et de l’Espace Unité de recherche : Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie Directeur(s) de Thèse : Bernard Dupré, DR CNRS, Toulouse Oleg Pokrovsky, CR1 CNRS, LMTG Toulouse Alexander Shishkin, Professeur SPbSTU, St.Pétersbourg Acknowledgements This PhD thesis has been elaborated from October 2005 till November 2008 between the University Paul Sabatier of Toulouse, France, and Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Russia, within the French government scholarship programme for a double- supervised dissertation. In the first place, I would like to address my acknowledgements to my scientific directors – Bernard Dupré and Alexander Shishkin – for the offered topic for this thesis, for their professional supervision each in his own manner, and for giving me their constant support and criticism throughout all stages of the research program which contributed to the success of this work. I am deeply thankful to my co-supervisor Oleg Pokrovsky for guiding me throughout the dissertation and discovering for me the world of geochemistry. I thank him for the invaluable help from the field work and laboratory experiments till the manuscript preparation, permanent availability, talent and endless understanding in the moments of disappointment. I would like to thank kindly Jérôme Viers who helped me a lot during this time, especially on isotope geochemistry, inveigled me into the cuisine of “salle blanche”, and with gentleness and patience invested time (and maybe nerves) throughout my French language mastering. I am also very grateful to Priscia Oliva for very agreeable moments of working together, for transmitting her knowledge, helpful discussions and her sympathy towards me. Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to François Martin, who took me under his wing, and not only brought me into mineralogy, but also encouraged and supported with all his kindness especially during the last most important and difficult stage of the PhD. I had a great pleasure to work with him and to derive my strength and inspiration from his optimism and sense of humour. I am thankful to all these people for the freedom I enjoyed during our work together and for the knowledge and confidence they brought towards me. I would also like to thank the opponents Aline Dia, Johan Ingri and Sergey A. Lapitsky of this thesis for having accepted to judge my work and for the interest they showed in it. Without the support of technical and engineering staff at LMTG, I would have been lost sometimes with my experiments and analysis, so big thanks go to Carole Boucayrand, Carole Causserand, Maïté Carayon, Fabienne de Parceval, Fréderic Candaudap, Sébastien Gardoll, Cyril Zouiten, Thierry Aigouy, Philippe de Parceval, and Pierre Brunet. I am also very grateful to geologists from the Moscow State University – Yana, Andrey and Dmitriy Bychkovy – for their professional help with data, maps and team work in the field trip where I was initiated into geologists, but also for wonderful ambience during the summer expedition 2007 in Karelia. 3 Certainly, I would like to mention, without paying special attention to the order, my friends from Toulouse but at the same time from all over the world who shared nice moments with me during this fascinating journey: Elena, Ludmila, Nastya, Teresa, Camille, Ana, Riccardo, Sergey, Pierre, Chris, Guilhem, Guiseppe, Quintin, Gwénaël, Yann, Fabrice and many others from LMTG. Special thanks go to Laurent – the best office-mate – for his patience, readiness to help whatever was the need, time spent together, and chronically good mood. I would like to finish with the people who are precious to me: My parents, Irina and Vladimir, who brought me to this level of education, always leaving me a choice in my professional orientation. They are my invaluable encouragement since I was born and especially over these years far away from home. I thank all my family for their support, patience and faith in me. And finally, I reserve a particular mention to Ilya, who always knew how to inspire me even in the most difficult moments. I am deeply indebted to you for everything that you had to put away throughout this time and that you did sincerely to make these years the most precious time of my life. A part of this work belongs to you. 4 To Ilya and my family 5

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amphibolite, metamorphized diabase) rocks influenced by granitic moraine depositions in the NW Russia manual', (EPA/600/3-91/021), 115. Andersson http://www.lwr.kth.se/English/OurSoftware/vminteq/index.htm. Gustafsson
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