The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences PDF
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The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences H ave you lost track of developments in generative linguistics, i nding yourself unsure about the distinctive features of Minimalism? Would you like to know more about recent advances in the genetics of language, or about right hemisphere linguistic operation? Has your interest in narrative drawn you to question the relation between stories and grammars? h e Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences addresses these issues, along with hundreds of others. It includes basic entries for those unfamiliar with a given topic and more specii c entries for those seeking more specialized knowledge. It incorporates both well-established i ndings and cutting-edge research as well as classical approaches and new theoretical innovations. h e vol- ume is aimed at readers who have an interest in some aspect of language science but wish to learn more about the broad range of ideas, i ndings, practices, and prospects that constitute this rapidly expanding i eld, a i eld arguably at the center of current research on the human mind and human society. Patrick Colm Hogan is a professor in the Department of English and the Program in Cognitive Science at the University of Connecticut. He is the author of ten books, including Cognitive Science, Literature, and the Arts: A Guide for Humanists and h e Mind and Its Stories: Narrative Universals and Human Emotion (Cambridge University Press, 2003). Advance Praise for The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences “For both range and depth of exposition and commentary on the diverse disciplinary angles that exist on the nature of language, there is no single volume to match this i ne work of reference.” – Akeel Bilgrami, Columbia University “h e Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences is a very welcome addition to the i eld of language sciences. Its comprehensiveness is praiseworthy, as is the quality of its entries and discussions.” – Seymour Chatman, University of California, Berkeley “h is ambitious and comprehensive work, and the very high quality of the editors and con- tributors, ensure that it will be a valuable contribution to the understanding of language and its uses, for both professionals and a more general audience.” – Noam Chomsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology THE CAMBRIDGE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE LANGUAGE SCIENCES Edited by PATRICK COLM HOGAN University of Connecticut CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521866897 © Cambridge University Press 2011 h is publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data h e Cambridge encyclopedia of the language sciences / edited by Patrick Colm Hogan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-86689-7 (hardback) 1. Linguistics – Encyclopedias. I. Hogan, Patrick Colm. II. Title. P 29. C 28 2009 410ʹ.3–dc22 2008041978 ISBN 978-0-521-86689-7 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URL s for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. GENERAL EDITOR Patrick Colm Hogan University of Connecticut, Storrs ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD Florian Coulmas Barbara Lust German Institute of Japanese Studies Cornell University and Duisberg-Essen University William Croft Lee Osterhout University of New Mexico University of Washington Lyle Jenkins James Pustejovsky Biolinguistics Institute Brandeis University CONSULTING EDITORIAL BOARD Mark Baker Howard Lasnik R utgers University University of Maryland Deborah Cameron Loraine Obler University of Oxford City University of New York Nigel Fabb William O’Grady University of Strathclyde University of Hawaii Carol Ann Fowler Susan Pintzuk H askins Laboratories University of York and University of Connecticut Ronald Geluykens Eleanor Rosch University of Oldenburg University of California, Berkeley Margaret Harris Jay Rueckl Oxford Brookes University University of Connecticut Zoltán Kövecses Mark Turner Eötvös Loránd University Case Western Reserve University To the memory of B. N. Pandit (1916–2007) – philosopher, Sanskritist, father-in-law Puruṣa-artha-śūnyānāṃ guṇānāṃ pratiprasavaḥ kaivalyaṃ sva-rūpa-pratiṣṭhā vā citi-śaktir-iti – Patañjali CONTENTS List of Entries page xi A Note on Cross-References and the A lphabetization of the Entries x v Preface: On the Very Idea of Language Sciences xvii Acknowledgments xxiii 1 Language Structure in Its Human Context: New Directions for the Language Sciences in the Twenty-First Century 1 William Croft 2 The Psychology of Linguistic Form 12 Lee Osterhout, Richard A. Wright, and Mark D. Allen 3 The Structure of Meaning 2 3 James Pustejovsky 4 Social Practices of Speech and Writing 35 Florian Coulmas 5 Explaining Language: Neuroscience, Genetics, and Evolution 4 6 Lyle Jenkins 6 Acquisition of Language 5 6 Barbara Lust 7 Elaborating Speech and Writing: Verbal Art 65 Patrick Colm Hogan ENTRIES 77 List of Contributors 941 Index 953 ix
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