The Caldron of Consciousness: Motivation, Affect and Self-Organization - An Anthology

303 Pages·2000·1.69 MB·English

by  Natika Newton

THE CALDRON OF CONSCIOUSNESS
ADVANCES IN CONSCIOUSNESS RESEARCH
ADVANCES IN CONSCIOUSNESS RESEARCH provides a forum for scholars
from different scientific disciplines and fields of knowledge who study conscious-
ness in its multifaceted aspects. Thus the Series will include (but not be limited to)
the various areas of cognitive science, including cognitive psychology, linguistics,
brain science and philosophy. The orientation of the Series is toward developing
new interdisciplinary and integrative approaches for the investigation, description
and theory of consciousness, as well as the practical consequences of this research
for the individual and society.
Series B: Research in Progress. Experimental, descriptive and clinical research in
consciousness.
EDITOR
Maxim I. Stamenov
(Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)
EDITORIAL BOARD
David Chalmers (University of Arizona)
Gordon G. Globus (University of California at Irvine)
Ray Jackendoff (Brandeis University)
Christof Koch (California Institute of Technology)
Stephen Kosslyn (Harvard University)
Earl Mac Cormac (Duke University)
George Mandler (University of California at San Diego)
John R. Searle (University of California at Berkeley)
Petra Stoerig (Universität Düsseldorf)
Francisco Varela (C.R.E.A., Ecole Polytechnique, Paris)
Volume 16
Ralph D. Ellis and Natika Newton (eds)
The Caldron of Consciousness
Motivation, affect and self-organization – An anthology
THE CALDRON
OF CONSCIOUSNESS
MOTIVATION, AFFECT AND
SELF-ORGANIZATION – AN ANTHOLOGY
Edited by
RALPH D. ELLIS
Clark Atlanta University
NATIKA NEWTON
Nassau Community College
JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY
AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
8 American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48–1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The caldron of consciousness : motivation, affect and self-organization -- an anthology / edited
by Ralph D. Ellis, Natika Newton.
p. cm. -- (Advances in consciousness research, ISSN 1381-589X ; v. 16)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Consciousness. 2. Emotions 3. Motivation (Psychology) . 4. Self-organizing systems.
I. Ellis, Ralph D. II. Newton, Natika III. Series.
BF311.C148 2000
153--dc21 00-033720
ISBN 90 272 5136 3 (Eur.) / 1 55619 196 0 (US) (Pbk.)
© 2000 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other
means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. • P.O.Box 75577 • 1070 AN Amsterdam • The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America • P.O.Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA
Table of Contents
List of Contributors vii
Introduction ix
P I
TheCentralityofEmotion
1. Integrating the Physiological and Phenomenological Dimensions
of Affect and Motivation 3
RalphD.Ellis
2. Affective Consciousness and the Instinctual Motor System: The
Neural Sources of Sadness and Joy 27
JaakPanksepp
3. Consciousness, Motivation, and Emotion: Biopsychological
Reflections 55
BillFaw
4. Conscious Emotion in a Dynamic System: How I Can Know
How I Feel 91
NatikaNewton
P II
TowardanEcologicalScienceoftheAffectiveSphere
5. The ‘Mind’/‘Body’ Problem and First-Person Process 109
EugeneT.Gendlin
6. Dissolving Differences: How to Understand the Competing
Approaches to Human Emotion 119
ValerieGrayHardcastle
vi TABLEOFCONTENTS
7. The Effect of Motivation on the Stream of Consciousness:
Generalizing from a Neurocomputational Model of Cingulo-frontal
Circuits Controlling Saccadic Eye Movements 133
MaricaBernstein,SamanthaStiehlandJohnBickle
8. Motivation and Emotion: An Interactive Process Model 161
MarkH.Bickhard
9. Mind, Brain, and Chaos 179
NicholasGeorgalis
P III
EmotionalLearningandDevelopment
10. Child Development and the Regulation of Affect and Cognition
in Consciousness: A View from Object Relations Theory 205
PeterZachar
11. Emotions: The Fetters of Instincts and the Promise of Dynamic
Systems 223
GaryBackhaus
12. Awareness of Emotions: A Neuropsychological Perspective 243
M.Peper
Index 271
List of Contributors
GaryBackhaus BillFaw
MorganStateUniversity BrewtonParkerCollege
DepartmentofPhilosophy PsychologyDepartment
BALTIMORE,MD21209 MT.VERNON,GA30445
USA USA
MaricaBernstein EugeneT.Gendlin
EastCarolinaUniversity TheUniversityofChicago
BrodySchoolofMedicine DepartmentofPsychology
DepartmentofPhysiology 5848S.UniversityAve.
GREENVILLE,NC27858–4353 CHICAGO,IL60637–1584
USA USA
MarkH.Bickhard NicholasGeorgalis
CognitiveScience EastCarolinaUniversity
LehighUniversity DepartmentofPhilosophy
17,MemorialDriveEast GREENVILLE,NC27858–4353
BETHLEHEM,PA18015–3068 USA
USA
JohnBickle ValerieGrayHardcastle
EastCarolinaUniversity DepartmentofPhilosophy
Dept.ofPhilosophyandProgramin VirginiaPolytechnicInst.andState
Neuroscience University
GREENVILLE,NC27858–4353 BLACKSBURG,VA24061–0126
USA USA
RalphD.Ellis NatikaNewton
ClarkAtlantaUniversity, NassauComm.College
Dept.ofReligionandPhilosophy PhilosophyDepartment
223JamesP.BrawleyDriveatFair GARDENCITY,NY11530
St.SW USA
P.O.Box81
ATLANTA,GA30314
USA
viii LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
JaakPanksepp SamanthaStiehl
BowlingGreenStateUniversity UniversityofRochester
Dept.ofPsychology CenterforVisualScience
MemorialFoundationforLost Dept.ofBrain&CognitiveScience
Children ROCHESTER,NY14627
BOWLINGGREEN,OH43403 USA
USA
PeterZachar
MartinPeper AuburnUniversityMontgomery
UniversityofFreiburg DepartmentofPsychology
DepartmentofPsychology MONTGOMERY,AL36124
Niemensstr.10 USA
D79085FREIBURG
Germany
Introduction
Cognitive scientists are just beginning to pay attention to motivation and
emotion,along-neglecteddimensionofconsciousness.Theattentionbeganwith
the work of neurophysiologists such as Damasio, Luria, Posner, Pribram, and
LeDoux, and the subject is still strongly associated with the neurosciences (for
example,theAssociationfortheScientificStudyofConsciousnesshassponsored
anelectronicseminaron“ConsciousnessandEmotion,”http://www.phil.vt.edu/-
ASSC/esem).
Thisscientificinterestinthestudyofmotivationandemotioninconscious-
ness may lead to more efficient and fruitful projects than those associated with
the exploration of consciousness as a mere appendage to the more traditionally
understoodareasofinformationprocessing,perception,andintellectualcognition.
The role of consciousness was relegated primarily to philosophy for several
decadesbeforetheseminalworkofCrickandKochinthe1990s(e.g.,seeCrick
and Koch 1990). Now consciousness is the center of a major multidisciplinary
program, which has in turn brought emotion into the spotlight.
Ourgoalinthisanthologyistobringtogetherthinkersinvariousdisciplines
who are in the vanguard of emotion studies — including physiological, psycho-
logicalandphilosophical approachesto motivation andallthe affectiveprocess-
es — with the goal of providing a coherent multidisciplinary framework for
understanding emotion and its contribution to the workings of consciousness in
general. The organizing premise of this volume is that consciousness and
emotion are aspects of the embodied subject as a self-organizing system.
Understanding the role of emotion and motivation in a self-organizing process
requires approaching it via philosophy, neuroscience, and psychology (both
theoretical and clinical). This anthology includes prominent researchers in all of
theseareas.Because ofthe commonthemeof self-organization,the contributors
do not talk past each other, but share a general view of consciousness and
emotion as processes with central roles in maintaining the well-being of the
organism. We believe that such an approach, which coordinates multiple
viewpoints within a central framework, is essential to real progress in under-
standing emotion and consciousness.