The Built Environment through the Prism of the Colonial Periodical Press

346 Pages·2022·21.6 MB·English

by  Alice Santiago Faria, Anne Shelley, Sandra Ataíde Lobo

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The Built Environment
through the Prism of the
Colonial Periodical Press
The Built Environment through the Prism of the Colonial Periodical Press is a
venture of the International Group for Studies of Colonial Periodical Press of the
Portuguese Empire (IGSCP-PE), which is also interested in comparative studies and
conceptual discussions.
Through a focus on the understudied role of colonial periodicals in the creation
and public discussion of colonial built environments, the present book contrib-
utes to a cultural history of the idea of built environment. The studies underscore
the role of press in articulating environment imaging and transformations with
colonial ideologies, projects and policies and the fixing, othering and disputing
of identities while still retaining the epochal circulation of ideas. This role is
evidenced through discussions of forests, clubs, hotels, barracks, hospitals, houses,
verandas and gardens, railways, Catholic churches and Hindu ‘templescapes’,
restorations and exhibitions. The book also examines a non-canonical variety of
periodicals, such as newspapers, bulletins, women’s magazines and professional
journals. Published within the sphere of Portuguese, Belgium, Italian, and British
formal and informal Empire, the analysis of these periodicals provides a multilin-
gual, plural and complex comprehension of the discursive creation of modern built
environments in colonial ambiences.
This volume is indispensable for scholars and students interested in Media
Studies, Architectural and Engineering studies, Built Environment studies, as well
as Colonial and Imperial History.
Alice Santiago Faria is a researcher at the CHAM, FCSH, Universidade NOVA de
Lisboa, where she coordinates the research group Art, History and Heritage. She is
an architect with a PhD in Art History and a member of IGSCP-PE. She is interested
in the study of Public Works in the former Portuguese Empire during the long nine-
teenth century.
Anne Shelley is an artist and researcher with a background in English, Literature
and Art Education. Her PhD at the University of Western Australia examined
nineteenth-century European women artists who travelled to the Middle East. Her
thesis focused on Victorian military artist Elizabeth Butler and her sketches of Egypt.
Sandra Ataíde Lobo is a researcher of CHAM, FCSH, Universidade NOVA de
Lisboa. She is a PhD in History and Theory of Ideas. She co-promoted the birth of
IGSCP-PE. Among other interests, she works on press and intellectual histories with
particular focus on Goa and Portugal, colonialism and anti-colonialism, literature
and politics, internationalism and cosmopolitan historiography.
Routledge Studies in Cultural Histories
119 Creating and Opposing Empire
The Role of the Colonial Periodical Press
Edited by Adelaide Vieira Machado, Isadora de Ataíde Fonseca,
Robert S. Newman and Sandra Ataíde Lobo
120 The Dangers of Gifts from Antiquity to the Digital Age
Edited by Alexandra Urakova, Tracey A. Sowerby
and Tudor Sala
121 The History of Experience
A Study in Experiential Turns and Cultural Dynamics
from the Paleolithic to the Present Day
Wolfgang Leidhold
122 The Built Environment through the Prism of the Colonial
Periodical Press
Edited by Alice Santiago Faria, Anne Shelley,
Sandra Ataíde Lobo
123 Memory, Mobility, and Material Culture
Edited by Chiara Giuliani and Kate Hodgson
124 Urban Popular Culture and Entertainment
Experiences from Northern, East-Central, and Southern Europe,
1870s–1930s
Edited by Antje Dietze and Alexander Vari
125 Landscape and Identity in the Modern Basque Country,
1800 to 1936
Maitane Ostolaza
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.
com/Routledge-Studies-in-Cultural-History/book-series/SE0367
The Built Environment
through the Prism of the
Colonial Periodical Press
Edited by
Alice Santiago Faria, Anne Shelley
and Sandra Ataíde Lobo
First published 2023
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an informa business
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
The right of Alice Santiago Faria, Anne Shelley, Sandra Ataíde Lobo to
be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors
for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
ISBN: 978-1-032-35670-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-36672-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-33318-0 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003333180
Typeset in Sabon
by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Maps xiii
List of Tables xiv
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xxii
Introduction 1
ALICE SANTIAGO FARIA, ANNE SHELLEY
AND SANDRA ATAÍDE LOBO
1 The Forest or the Tree? Colonial Forestry and
Environmental Debates in the Goan Periodical Press 20
JOSÉ MIGUEL MOURA FERREIRA
2 Iron Message: Railways in the German
Colonial Press 36
CORINNA SCHÄFER
3 Infrastructure in the Making: The Ottoman Railway
Company as Portrayed by the Smyrna Mail 56
ELVAN COBB
4 Tropical Building: A Typology Defined in British
Military Engineering Journals 77
PEDRO GUEDES
5 Illustration as Propaganda in the Nineteenth-Century
Periodical Press: British Empire Building on the Terrace
at Shepheard’s Hotel, Cairo 107
ANNE SHELLEY
vi Contents
6 Educating the Colonial Spouse or Pushing the Agenda
of Tropical Modernism in the Belgian Congo?
Architecture and the Coloniser’s House in the Pages
of the Bulletin de l’Union des Femmes Coloniales 130
JOHAN LAGAE
7 Reconstructing Templescapes in Goa: Santeri-Śāntādurgā
and Other Female Deities through the Compromissos
of the Boletim Official 158
CIBELE ALDROVANDI
8 Conflicted Identities: Bombay’s Catholic Communities,
Its Buildings and the Press 187
ALICE SANTIAGO FARIA AND SIDH LOSA MENDIRATTA
9 Constructing the Empire: Italian Colonial Architecture
and the Practice of Ambientazione 209
MONICA PALMERI
10 ‘Old Goa Must Be Brought Back to Life’: The Restoration
of Old Goa’s Monuments in the Goan Periodical Press
during the Portuguese Colonial Period 230
JOAQUIM RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS
11 Cabo Verde Boletim de Propaganda e Informação
(1949–1964): From Propaganda to the Demands
for Change at the Periphery of the Portuguese Empire 261
ANA VAZ MILHEIRO
Bibliography 285
Contributors 307
Index 310
Figures
3.1 Section of ‘Map of S.W. Portion of Asia Minor: shewing the
railways already constructed and these proposed to be constructed
by the Ottoman railway C° (Smyrna-Aidin)’, by James Wyld,
1884. Courtesy: Bibliothèque Nationale de France. 57
4.1 West Indian Barracks. Left, top: Plates from Brandreth’s
‘A System of Barracks’. H. Brandreth, “Memorandum relative
to a System of Barracks for the West Indies, recommended by
Colonel Sir C. F. Smith, C. B., R. E. and approved by the Master
General of the Board of Ordnance,” Papers on Subjects Connected
with the Duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers (PPRE) 2 (1838):
239–246 & 5 plates. Right, top: Prefabricated barracks in St. Lucia
built c.1829 to the standard system. Photograph by kind
permission of Prof RB Lewcock. Left, lower: Wooden barracks
Demerara. Cuming, “Memorandum with reference to the accom-
panying Sketches of the Officers’ Barracks erected at George
Town, Demerara,” PPRE 2 (1838): 248–250 & 2 plates. Right,
lower: Erecting barracks in Hong Kong following 1838 template
but with local materials and construc tion methods. Aldrich,
“Description of the Mat Covering Sheds used at Hong-Kong
in the erection of the Ordinance Buildings, and of the mode
adopted by the Chinese in transporting and raising heavy Weights
for these Buildings,” PPRE 10 (1848): 153–155 & 2 plates. 81
4.2 Piers and arches. Architectural doctrine promoted in Colonel
Pasley’s course at Chatham. Left: Brandreth’s 1829 hospital,
Ascension Island. H. R. Brandreth, “Notes on the Island of
Ascension,” PPRE 4 (1840): 116–130 & 3 plates. Centre: 1880s
photograph of Ascension hospital. By kind permission of
Victorian Photos. Right, top: “Architecture as understood by the
Public Works Department,” in J.L. Kipling, “Indian Architecture
of To-day,” The Journal of Indian Art 1 (October 1886): 1–5
& 11 plates, Right, lower: “Artillery Barracks. Fort Govindgurh
(Umritsir),” in Florence Nightingale, Observations on the evidence
contained in the stational reports submitted to her by the Royal
viii Figures
Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India
(London: Edward Stanford, 1863), 30. 83
4.3 West Indian Barrack forms carried over to India. Left: Nightingale
& Galton’s Suggestions for Indian Barracks – note slender veranda
posts, raised ground floor and lightweight screening. Barrack and
Hospital Improvement Commission. Suggestions in regard to
sanitary works required for improving Indian stations prepared
by…. (London: House of Commons, 1864), Illustration marked
A is from Plate X (elevations) and Plate VIII (Plans), Illustration
marked B is from Plate IX (sections of barracks) and Plate XI
(details of construction). Authorship by Florence Nightingale and
Douglas Galton is not stated in the document. Right, top: “Proposed
Male Hospital for a Regiment of British Infantry for 112 Beds,”
in W. A. Crommelin, Memo randum upon some of the principles
which should be attended to in designing Hospitals for European
Troops in India (SIMLA: August 25th 1864), Plate II. Courtesy:
The University of Melbourne, Special Collections Baillieu Library.
Right, lower: “Standard Plans of Indian Barracks,” in J. G. Medley,
ed., The Roorkee Treatise on Civil Engineering in India. 2.
(Roorkee: Thomason College Press, 1867), Plate 10. Note that
Indian interpretations replaced lightweight veranda posts with
masonry piers and arches. 85
4.4 Variety of barrack forms in India. Left, top: Mhow barracks,
plan, section and elevation. “Infantry Barracks, Mhow,” in
Florence Nightingale, Observations on the evidence contained
in the stational reports submitted to her by the Royal Commission
on the Sanitary State of the Army in India (London: Edward
Stanford, 1863), 28. Left, middle: British infantry lines. “New
barracks at Mhow, now occupied by the 72nd Regiment, or Duke
of Albany’s own Highlanders,” Illustrated London News 21: 43,
12 December 1863, 584. Left, lower: Bengal standard plans.
Edmund Parkes, Manual of Practical Hygiene (London: John
Churchill, 1864), 279. Centre, top: Barracks, plan and specification
of the European infantry. F. S. Taylor, “European Infrantry Barracks,
Nowshera, Punjab,” PPIE 1 (1863–4): 130–133 & Plate XVI. Centre,
middle: Typical barrack interior. Florence Nightingale, Observations
on the evidence contained in the stational reports submitted to her
by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India
(London: Edward Stanford, 1863), [40–41]. Lower row from centre
to right: Deesa barrack, Mean Meer female. Nightingale, Observ-
ations on the evidence contained in the stational reports submitted
to her by the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army
in India (London: Edward Stanford, 1863), 26, 88 and New European
barracks, Bellary. “Observations by Miss Nightingale on Reports
from Indian Stations, Abstracts of Stational Returns,” in Royal
Figures ix
Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India, Vol. 1,
Report of the Commissioners, Precis of Evidence, Minutes of
Evidence, Addenda (London: HMSO, 1863), 418. Right, top:
Medley, design for a barrack in upper India. J.G. Medley,
“Indian Barracks,” PPIE 2 (1865), 107–112, Plate XV. 89
4.5 Barracks conforming to Crommelin’s (1864) standard plans.
Left, and right, top: Infantry barracks. , from H.R.F, “New
Infantry Barracks – Saugor,” PPIE 6 (1869), A – Plate 1 Plans
sections and elevations, C – Frontispiece to volume Left, lower:
Barrack, Saugor. Emory Upton, The Armies of Asia and Europe.
New York: Appleton & Co., 1878, 2 plates between pages 71
and 72. Right, bottom: “The New Barracks, Allahabad,” PPIE 7
(1870), 1–2 (frontispiece to the volume). 91
4.6 Promotion of tropical building forms in PPIE. Similar planning
strategies in different styles. Left, top: Captain St Clair Wilkins
RE’s Bombay Hospital, competition entry, elevation and plan.
“European General Hospital, Bombay.,” PPIE 1 (1863–4),
406-Plate LIII [406]. Left, lower: T. Roger Smith’s Bombay
Hospital, commissioned design, perspective view and plan.
The “European General Hospital, Bombay,” Builder 22 (1864),
810–811. Left, centre column: Bombay Gothic designs for
court buildings. From Fuller, “Designs for Bombay Police
Courts,” PPIE 2 (1865), 324–326. Right, centre and top:
Classically inspired architecture: Artillery Mess House,
Meerut, perspective and plan. “Artillery Mess House Meerut,”
PPIE 4 (1867), Plate 1 (fronti spiece to the volume). Lower:
Mysore Public Offices, Bangalore. Photograph and schematic
drawings. R. H. Sankey, “Offices of the Mysore Government
at Bangalore,” PPIE 2 NS (1873), Plate 1 (frontispiece to the
volume). Right: Indian styles. Upper: RF Chisholm’s Revenue
Board, Madras. “The Revenue Board Building in Madras,”
Builder 28 (1870), 1047. The same image was published in
PPIE, 1 NS (1872), 1–2, with a photograph of the builder
image as the volume’s frontispiece. Lower: Designs for
Trellis work in chunam by S.S. Jacob – an Indian alternative
to verandas in filtering sun and allowing free ventilation.
From S. S. Jacob, “Trellis work in Chunam,” PPIE 5
(1868), 304. 94
5.1 R. Caton Woodville, “Shepheard’s Hotel, Cairo,” Illustrated
London News, 1884. Sourced from the collections of the
State Library of Western Australia and reproduced with the
permission of the Library Board of Western Australia. 108
5.2 Félix Bonfils, Le Caire façade et véranda de Shepheard’s hotel,
c. 1870, photographic print, 20 x 25.8 cm. Courtesy: University
of Chicago Library Special Collections Research Centre, Middle