The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation

536 Pages·2010·86.935 MB·English

by  Columbia Law Review, Harvard Law Review, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Yale Law Journal

\342\200\242 m
of Citation0
A Uniform System
NineteenthEdition
Reference:
Quick
Law Review Footnotes
This table gives examples ofcommonly used citation forms printed in thetypefaces
usedin law review footnotes (asexplained in rule 2).Thelast page and inside back
cover present examples in the typefaces used in court documents and legal
memoranda(as explained in the Bluepages).
Cases
rule 10
reporter Jackson v. Metro. Edison Co., 348 F.Supp. 954, 956-58 (M.D.
rule 10.3 Pa. 1972), aff'd, 483 F.2d 754 (3dCir. 1973), aff'd, 419U.S.345
(1974).
service In re Looney, [1987-1989 TransferBinder] Bankr. L. Rep. (CCH)
rule 19 H 72,447 (Bankr. W.D. Va. Sept. 9,1988).
pending and Albrecht v. Stanczek, No. 87-C9535,1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5088,
unreported at*l n.l (N.D.III. Apr. 18, 1991).
cases
rule 10.8.1 Jacksonv.Virginia, No. 77-1205, slip op. at 3(4thCir. Aug. 3,
1978) (percuriam), aff'd, 443 U.S. 307(1979).
Charlesworth v.Mack, No. 90-345 (D.Mass. filed Sept.18,1990).
Charlesworth v.Mack, 925 F.2d314(1st Cir. 1991), petitionfor
cert,filed, 60 U.S.L.W. 3422 (U.S.Jan. 14, 1992) (No. 92-212).
Constitutions n.m. Const, art. iv, \3027\.247
rule 11
Statutes mie
\\i
code Administrative Procedure Act \3062\,2457U.S.C \3025\52457 (2006).
rule 12.3 22 U.S.C.\3022\524677 (Supp. I1983).
session laws Department of Transportation Act, Pub. L.No. 89-670, \3092,\28407 Stat.
rule 12.4 931,944-47
(1966).
Legislative Materials rule 13
unenacted bill S.516,105th Cong. \3022\24(71997).
rule 13.2
hearing Transforming theFederal Government ToProtect Americafrom
rule 13.3 Terrorism: Hearing Before the H. Select Comm. on Homeland Sec,
107th Cong.23-25(2002)(statement of John Ashcroft, Att'yGen.
of the United States).
report S.Rep. No. 95-797, at 4 (1978), reprinted in 1978 U.S.C.C.A.N.
rule 13.4
9260, 9263.
UNPUBLISHED Victoria E. Anderson, Company Outing: How Consensual
MruAleN1U7S.C2R.1IPTS R1e2l(aMtiaor.nsh1i5p, 2A00g4re)em(uennptusbAlidsvheresedly comAmffeectnt,Hoonmofisleexuwailth tEhme ployees
University ofPennsylvania Journal ofLabor and Employment Law).
LETTERS Letter from PierreArsenault, Executive Editor, Harvard Law Review, to
rule 17.2.3 Bryan M. Killian,SupremeCourtChair, Harvard Law Review (Apr. 2,
2004) (onfile with the Harvard Law School Library).
Books DeborahLRhode, justice and Gender 56(1989).
rule 15
CharlesDickens, Bleak House 49-55 (Norman Page ed.,
PenguinBooks1971)(1853).
21
Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal
Practice and Procedure\3021\020476 (2d ed. 1987).
pamphlets Women's Bureau, U.S. Dep't of Labor, LeafletNo. 55,
rule 15 AWorking Woman's Guide to Her job Rights (1978).
works in Kay Deaux &Brenda Major, ASocial-Psychological Model of
collection Gender, in Theoretical Perspectives onSexual Difference 89,
rule 15.5 89(DeborahL.Rhode ed., 1990).
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Law in Science andSciencein Law,
inCollected LegalPapers210,210(1920).
John Adams, Argument and Report, in 2 LegalPapers ofJohn
Adams 285, 322-35 (LKinvin Wroth & Hiller B. Zobel eds., 1965).
Periodical Materials mic16
consecutively David Rudovsky, Police Abuse: Canthe Violence Be Contained?,
paginated 27Harv.CR.-CL. LRev. 465, 500 (1992).
jrouulrena1ls6.4 ThomasR. McCoy & Barry Friedman, ConditionalSpending:
Federalism'sTrojan Horse, 1988 Sup. Ct.Rev. 85,100.
nonconsecutively Barbara Ward,Progressfor a Small Planet, Harv. Bus. Rev.,
paginated journals Sept.-Oct. 1979,at 89, 90.
rule 16.5
Ellen London, Comment,A Critique of theStrictLiability Standard
student- for Determining Child Support in Cases ofMale Victims of Sexual
wrurilteten16.7w.o1rk Assaultand Statutory Rape, 152U. Pa. L Rev. 1957,1959-63 (2004).
Note, The Death ofaLawyer, 56 Colum. L Rev. 606 (1956).
bookreview BruceAckerman,Robert Bork's Grand Inquisition, 99Yale L.J.
rule 16.7.2 1419,1422-25 (1990) (book review).
newspaper Andrew Rosenthal, White House Tutors Kremlin in How a
rule 16.6 Presidency Works,N.Y. Times, June 15,1990, at Al.
CopShoots Tire,Halts Stolen Car, S.F.Chron.,Oct.10,1975a,t 43.
INTERVIEWS Telephone Interview with Michael Leiter,President,Harvard Law
rule 17.2.5 Review (Oct. 22,1999).
FORTHCOMING Sarah Greenberger,Comment, Enforceable Rights, No ChildLeft
PUBLICATIONS Behind, and Political Patriotism: A Case for Open-Minded Section
rule 17.3 1983Jurisprudence, 153 U. Pa. L. Rev. (forthcoming Jan. 2005).
The Eric Posner, More onSection7ofthe Torture Convention, The
Internet Volokh ConspiracyQan. 29, 2009,10:04 AM), http://www.
rule 18.2 volokh.com/posts/i23324i58.shtml.
TREATIES Treaty of Friendship, Commerceand Navigation, U.S.-Japan, art. X,
rule 21.4 Apr. 2, 1953, 4 U.S.T2.063.
United U.N. GA0R, 56th Sess., 1stplen. mtg. at 3,U.N. Doc. A/56/PV.1
Nations (Sept. 12,2001).
OFFICIAL RECORDS
rule 21.7.1
Published and Distributed by
The Harvard Law Review Association
Gannett House
1511Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
U.S.A.
First Printing 2010
Second Printing 2010
Third Printing2010
Fourth Printing 2011
Fifth Printing 2011
Sixth Printing 2012
Seventh Printing2013
Printings are updated as appropriate.
Coordinating Editor:
Mary Miles Prince, Associate Director
Vanderbilt University Law School Library
With special editorial assistance onthe citations of foreign
jurisdictions from the Directorate of Legal Research of the
Law Library of Congress.
Designed by Dynamic Diagrams
isbn 9780615361161
THE
BLUEBOOK
A Uniform of
System
Citation\302\256
Nineteenth Edition
www.legalbluebook.com
Compiled by the editors of
the Columbia
Law Review,
the Harvard Law Review,
the University of Pennsylvania Law Review,
and The
Yale Law Journal.
Copyright \3022\205110 bytheColumbia Law Review Association, the Harvard Law Review
Association, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and The Yale Law Journal.
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Preface to the Nineteenth Edition
The current edition of The Bluebook retains thesamebasic approach to legal
citationestablished by its predecessors. Thelayout of The Bluebook has been
updated to makethe information easier toaccess. Somecitation forms have been
expanded,elaborated upon, or modified from previous editions to reflect the
ever-expanding range of authorities usedin legal writing and to respond to
suggestions from the legal community. Here are someofthe more noteworthy
changes:
The Bluepages, introduced in the Eighteenth Edition, have been considerably
overhauled for the Nineteenth Edition. In addition togeneral expansionand
clarification, the Bluepages now include detailed information for citation to
ElectronicCase Files (ECF) documents. Bluepages table BT2 has also been updated
and expanded to include morelocalcitation rules. Please note that these rules,
which many state and federal courtspromulgate, take precedence over Blue-
bookrules in documents submitted tothose courts. When preparing court
documents,always check the mostrecent version ofthe court'slocal citation rules.
In addition toedits for clarity, concision, and consistency, the Nineteenth Edition
contains the following significant changes: Rule 1.5(b) now provides
comprehensivgeuidance on theorderof multiple parentheticals ina single citation. Rule
10.4(b)now allows omission of the jurisdiction and court abbreviation ofstate
courts if unambiguously conveyed by the reporter title. Rule 10.6.1(c) now
provides guidance on citation to seriatim opinions ofthe early Supreme Court.
Rule 10.8.3 now provides details for citations to audio recordingsof court
proceedings. Rule 13.4(d)nowestablishes specific citation formats for
CongressionRalesearch Services and Government Accountability Office reports. Rule
14 has been considerably revisedto improve citation to administrative agency
materials. The rule itself, however, is now shorterasmany details on citation to
specificagencies have been moved totable T1.2. Rule 16.6nowincludes
provisionsfor citation to wire services.
Rule 18haschanged considerably,primarily to allow increased citation to Internet
sources. Specificchanges include: Rule 18.2.1(a)now providesguidance allowing
citation toauthenticated and official Internet sourcesaswell asexact digital scans
ofprint sources as if they were the original print source. These changesin rule
18 allowing citation to official, authenticated, orexactInternet copies of cited
materials are also reflected in rules 10,12,15,16, and 17.Guidance for citation
to webpage titles of main pages and subheadingshas been expanded in rule
18.2.2(b).Rule 18.2.2(a) now states that when no author ofan Internet source
is clearly announced,the author information should beomitted from the
citation,unless there isaclear institutional owner of the domain. Additionally,
institutional authors of Internet sourcesshould be abbreviated according to rule
15.1(d). Rule 18.2.2(c) now statesthat citations to Internet sourcesshould be
dated astheyappearon the Internet site,using only dates thatreferclearly to the
material cited.Whenmaterial is undated, thedateofthe author's last visit tothe
website should be placed in aparenthetical after the URLRule 18.2.2(c) now also
states that for blogs and other frequently updated websites, citations should
include timestamps whenever possible. Rule 18.2.2(h) still encourages the
archiving of Internet sources,butdoesnot require the citation toindicate the
locationof an archival copy. Rules18.6and 18.7 now allow fortheuseoftimestamps
in citations to audioand video recordings. Rule 18.7.3now provides citation
guidance for podcasts and online recordings. Professor James Grimmelmann
provided vital advice and assistancein revising rule 18.
Rule 20has been expanded toprovideclearerguidance and more
compreheexnasmivpeles.William B.McCloy aidedin the revision toRule 20. Rule 21 has been
updated and now includes improved citationsto United Nations materials. Rule
21also specifies the citation format for the International Criminal Court. The
American SocietyofInternational Law assisted intherevisionto rule 21,aswell
astables T3 through T5.Maria Smolka-Day also provided assistance with the
revisions to rule 21,and Patricio Nazareno aided in revising citations to the Inter-
American CourtofHuman Rights.
All of the tables have been revised and updated.Table Tl has been subdivided
into foursections:Tl.l (FederalJudicial and Legislative Materials), T1.2(Federal
Administrative and Executive Materials),Tl.3 (States and the District of
Columbia), and T1.4 (Other United States Jurisdictions). Table T1.2representsa
significant expansion in the coverageofadministrative agency materials. Many
federal agenciesand the Board and Staff of the Administrative Law Review
provided vital assistance in revisingand expandingtable T1.2. The following
were instrumental in constructing citation formats related to government
contracts in table T1.2: Philip Green, Jason Daniel Morgan, and Richard
Lieberman,all of the George Washington University Law School. TableT2has
incorporated significant organizational and substantive improvements for each
existing country, and seven new countries have been added: Belgium,Chile,
Colombia,Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, and South Korea.The compilers are indebted to
the following experts inforeign legal citation for their help inenhancing table T2:
Francisco A.Avalos, Annette L. Demers, Christoph Malliet,William B.McCloy,
Michael Newton,Yukino Nakashima, and E. Dana Neacsu.
The compilerswish to thank our CoordinatingEditor Mary Miles Prince for
workingwith us in revising, clarifying, updating, and improving TheBluebook.
The compilers would also like to acknowledge outside commentators who
contributed their expertise tothe Nineteenth Edition of The Bluebook.The
following provided invaluable assistance in planning and revising this edition:
Hongxia Liu, Kersi Shroff, and AndrewWeber.The compilers are grateful to the
lawjournal editors, law librarians, and practitioners whorespondedto our call for
suggestions with helpful adviceand comments.
Finally, the compilersrequest that any errors oromissions be reported and that
suggestionsfor revisions be senttothe Harvard LawReview,Gannett House,1511
Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Acknowledgements
The Bluebook:A Uniform SystemofCitation is compiled by the editorsof the
Columbia Law Review,the Harvard Law Review,the University of
PennsylvaniLaaw Review, and TheYale Law Journal. The Bluebook ispublished and
distributed by the Harvard Law Review Association.TheCoordinating Editor of
TheBluebookis Mary Miles Prince,AssociateDirector, Vanderbilt University Law
School Library, with special editorialassistanceon the citations of foreign
jurisdictions from the Directorate ofLegal Research oftheLaw Library ofCongress.