Table Of ContentProceedings in Life Seien ces
The Blue Light
Syndrome
Edited by H. Senger
With 432 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg N ew York 1980
Professor Dr. HORST SENGER
Fachbereich Biologie-Botanik
der Philipps-Universität Marburg
Lahnberge, 3550 Marburg/Lahn, FRG
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-67650-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-67648-2
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-67648-2
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Main entry under tide: The blue light
syndrome. (proceedings in life sciences) Bibliography: p. Inc1udes index. 1. Light -Physiological
efTect. 2. Photobiology. 1. Senger, Horst. [DNLM: 1. Light - Congresses. 2. Plants - Radiation
efTects - Congresses. 3. Plants - Physiology - Congresses. 4. Photochemistry - Congresses. 5.
Photoreceptors - Congresses. QK757 B658] QH515.B57 574.19'153 80-16523
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1980.
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1980
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2131/3130-543210
Preface
Investigations on the specific effects of blue light on plants began some
fifty years ago. In re cent years the growing awareness of blue-light-in
duced phenomena in plants, microorganisms, and animals has accelerat
ed and expanded this research into an ever-increasing variety of blue
light effects in biological systems.
In 1977, J .A. Schiff and W. R. Briggs proposed a specific meeting to
present and summarize the various blue-light effects and to discuss their
mechanisms and possible photoreceptors. In view of the variety of re
sponses and the range of organisms affected by blue light the term Blue
Light Syndrome seemed to be the only appropriate one for the meeting.
With the help of the International Advisory Committee (W.R. Briggs,
Stanford; J. Gressel, Rehovot; W. Kowallik, Bielefeld; S. Miyachi, To
kyo; W. Rau, Munich, and J.A. Schiff, Waltham), and the very generous
financial support provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as
well as by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, the
Kultusminister des Landes Hessen, and the Philipps-Universität Marburg,
the "International Conference on the Effect of Blue Light in Plants and
Microorganisms" was held in July 1979 in the Philipps-Universität Mar
burg.
In the name of all participants I would like to thank my colleagues,
the above-mentioned organizations, and last but not least my secretary
Mrs. Ilse Krieger and my unnamed co-workers whose indefatigable ef
forts made this conference and the publication of this book possible. It
is also a pleasure to thank Springer-Verlag and its editing staff for their
helpful expertise and their patience.
The conference was attended by 140 scientists from 18 different
countries. Necessarily, much time was devoted to the various reviews
giving an up-to-date assessment of the Blue Light Syndrome. It was par
ticularly stimulating to cross the limits of "Plants and Microorganisms"
set by the conference's title to include a review of blue-light effects in
vision. This again demonstrated the universality of the Blue Light Syn
drome. The largest amount of time was dedicated to the photoreceptor
problem, but the attempt to decide between flavins or carotenoids failed
and, consequently, the list of possible candidates for the primary photo
receptor of blue light increased. Five additional sections were (more or
less wisely) devised to categorize the various contributions, but some
VI Preface
of these papers could appear as weIl under a different or even an addi
tional heading.
This book contains all contributions presented at this conference,
supplemented by a few articles by those coIleagues who were prevented
at the last minute from attending. I wish to thank all contributors for
their quick, friendly, and effective cooperation. May this book be of
future help in advancing our mutual interest in the fascinating field of
research on the Blue Light Syndrome.
Marburg, August 1980 HORST SENGER
Contents
Reviews on Various Fields of Blue Light Action
The Biological Significance and Evolution of Photosensory
Systems
M.J. CARLILE ................................. 3
Short Wavelength Light in Invertebrate Visual Sense CeHs
Pigments, Potentials and Problems
D.G. STAVENGA (With 12 Figures) ................... 5
Bacteriorhodopsin and its Position in the Blue Light Syndrome
R.J. STRASSER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
Chemical Modification of Bacteriorhodopsin by Phenylisothio
cyanate: Effect on the Photocyc1e
H. SIGRIST, P.R. ALLEGRINI, RJ. STRASSER, and
P. ZAHLER (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
Effects of BIue Light on Movement of Microorganisms
W. NULTSCH (With 14 Figures) ..................... 38
BIue Light-Induced Intracellular Movements
J. ZURZYCKI (With 15 Figures) ..................... 50
Phytochrome and Non-Phytochrome Dependent BIue Light
Effects on Intracellular Movements in Fresh-Water Algae
E. SCHÖNBOHM (With 33 Figures) ................... 69
Interaction Between BIue Light and Phytochrome in Photomor
phogenesis
H. MOHR (With 4 Figures) ......................... 97
Sensory Transduction in Phycomyces Photoresponses
E.D. LIPSON (With 2 Figures) ....................... 110
VIII Contents
Regulation of Cell Growth and Cell Cyc1e by BIue Light in
Adiantum Gametophytes
M. FURUYA, M. WADA, and A. KADOTA (With 9 Figures) 119
BIue Light and Transcription
J. GRESSEL (With 10 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 133
Photoreceptors and Primary Reactions
Spectroscopic and Photochemical Characterization of Flavopro
teins and Carotenoproteins as BIue Light Photoreceptors
P.S. SONG (With 4 Figures) ....................... 157
Carotenoids as Primary Photoreceptors in BIue-Light Responses
W. SHROPSHlRE, JR. (With 9 Figures) ............... 172
On the Nature of the Blue Light Photoreceptor: Still an Open
Question
E. DE FABO ................................. 187
Conformational Changes Caused by BIue Light
G.H. SCHMID (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 198
Interactions of Flavins with Cytochrome C and Oxygen in
Excited Artificial Systems
R.J. STRASSER and W.L. BUTLER (With 4 Figures) 205
Artificial FlavinjMembrane Systems; a Possible Model for
Physiological Blue Light Action
W. SCHMIDT (With 7 Figures) ..................... 212
Effects of UV and BIue Light on the Bipotential Changes in
Etiolated Hypocotyl Hooks of Dwarf Beans
E. HARTMANN and K. SCHMID (With 19 Figures) ....... 221
BIue Light-Controlled Conidiation and Absorbance Change in
Neurospora are Mediated by Nitrate Reductase
H. NINNEMANN and E. KLEMM-WOLF GRAMM
(With 3 Figures) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 238
Phototropism in Phycomyces: a Photochromic Sensor Pigment?
G. LÖSER and E. SCHÄFER (With 4 Figures) ........... 244
Contents IX
Blue and Near Ultraviolet Reversible Photoreaction in
Conidial Development of Certain Fungi
To KUMAGAI (With 4 Figures) 251
00 000 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 000 0
Blue Light Responses in the Siphonaceous Alga Vaucheria
WoRo BRIGGS and MoR. BLATT 261
0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 0
Cis to Trans Photoisomerization of r-Carotene in Euglena gracilis
Var. bacillaris W3 BUL: Further Purification and Characterization
of the Photoactivity
YoL. STEINITZ, JoAo SCHIFF, To OSAFUNE, and MoSo GREEN
(With 4 Figures) 269
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carotenogenesis
BIue Light-Induced Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Microorganisms
Wo RAU (With 10 Figures) 283
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Photokilling and Protective Mechanisms in Fusarium aquaeductuum
Ao HUBER and EoL. SCHROTT (With 7 Figures) 299
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dose Response and Related Aspects of Carotenogenesis in
Neurospora crassa
E.L. SCHROTT (With 7 Figures) 309
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carbon Metabolism and Respiration
Effects of BIue Light on Respiration and Non-Photosynthetic
CO Fixation in Chlorella vulgaris Ilh Cells
2
SHIZUKO MIY ACHI, Ao KAMIY A, and
SHIGETOH MIYACHI (With 5 Figures) o. 321
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effect of Blue Light on CO Fixation in Heterotrophically
2
Grown Scenedesmus obliquus Mutant C-2A'
0 0 0 0 0
SHIGETOH MIYACHI, SHIZUKO MIYACHI, and
Ho SENGER (With 1 Figure) 329
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Light-Induced Carbon Metabolism in an Eady Stage of Greening
in Wild Type and Mutant C-2A' CeHs of Scenedesmus obliquus
Mo WATANABE, T OH-HAMA, and SHIGETOH MIY ACHI
0
(With 11 Figures) 332
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x Contents
Enhancement ofCarbohydrate Degradation by BIue Light
W. KOWALLIK and S. SCRA TZLE (With 18 Figures) 344
Blue Light-Effects on Enzymes of the Carbohydrate Metabolism
in Chlorella. 1. Pyruvate Kinase
G. RUYTERS (With 9 Figures) ..................... 361
BIue Light-Effects on Enzymes of the Carbohydrate Metabolism
in Chlorella. 2. Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
(NADP-Dependent)
W. CONRADT and G. RUYTERS (With 5 Figures) ....... 368
Blue Light-Induced Enhancement in Activity of Certain Enzymes
in Heterotrophically Grown Cultures of Scenedesmus obliquus
G. KULANDAIVELU and G. SAROJINI (With 6 Figures) ... 372
Effect of 360 nm Light on RuBPCase Products in Vitro - Role
of Copper in the Reaction
L.S. DALEY, H.F. TIBBALS, and L.I. THERIOT
(With 4 Figures) ............................... 381
The Photoinactivation of Micro-Algal Ribulose Bisphosphate
Carboxylase; its Physiological and Ecological Significance
G.A. CODD and R. STEWART (With 2 Figures) ......... 392
ARhythmie Change in the Enhancement of the Dark Respira
tion of Chlorella fusca Induced by a Short Blue-Light Exposure
of Low Intensity
B. REINHARDT (With 8 Figures) ................... 401
Interaction Between Blue Light and Nitrogen Metabolism
Regulation by Monochromatic Light of Nitrate Uptake in
Chlorella fusca
F. CALERO, W.R. ULLRICH, and P.I. APARICIO
(With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411
Flavin-Mediated Photoreduction of Nitrate by Nitrate Reductase
of Higher Plants and Microorganisms
W.G. ZUMFT, F. CASTILLO, and K.M. HARTMANN
(With 4 Figures) ............................... 422
Contents XI
Effects of Ammonia on Carbon Metabolism in Photosynthesizing
Chlorella vulgaris 11 h: the Replacement of Blue Light by
Ammonium Ion
SHIZUKO MN ACHI and SHIGETOH MIYACHI (With 3 Figures) 429
Comparative Studies on the Effect of Ammonia and Blue Light
on the Regulation ofPhotosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in
Higher Plants
A. GNANAM, A. RABIB MOHAMED, and R. SEETHA
(With 4 Figures) ................................ 435
The Effect of Blue and Red Light on the Content of Chlorophyll,
Cytochrome f, Soluble Reducing Sugars, Soluble Proteins and the
Nitrate Reductase Activity During Growth of the Primary Leaves
of Sinapis alba
A. WILD and A. HOLZAPFEL (With 8 Figures) .......... 444
Chloroplast Development
Blue Light Effects on Plastid Development in Higher Plants
L.O. BJÖRN (With 10 Figures) ...................... 455
Blue Light-Induced Development of Thylakoid Membranes in
Isolated Seedling Roots and Cultured Plant Cells
G. RICHTER, W. REIHL, B. WIETOSKA, and J. BECKMANN
(With 8 Figures) ................................ 465
The Effect of Light Quality and the Mode of Illumination on
Chloroplast Development in Etiolated Bean Leaves
G. AKOYUNOGLOU, H. ANNI, and K. KALOSAKAS
(With 7 Figures) ................................ 473
The Importance of Blue Light for the Development of Sun-Type
Chloroplasts
H.K. LICHTENTHALER, C. BUSCHMANN, and
U. RAHMSDORF (With 8 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 485
Blue Light and the Photocontrol of Chloroplast Development
in Euglena
J.A. SCHIFF (With 17 Figures) ...................... 495
Effects of Blue Light on Greening in Microalgae
E. HASE (With 11 Figures) ........................ 512
