The Bernward Gospels: Art, Memory, and the Episcopate in Medieval Germany

229 Pages·2014·133.129 MB·English

by  Jennifer P. Kingsley

j e n n i f e r p. k i n g s l e y
t h e b e r n w a r d g o s p e l s
art, memory, and the episcopate in medieval germany
T H E
B E R N W A R D
G O S P E L S
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j e n n i f e r   p. k i n g s l e y
T H E
B E R N W A R D
G O S P E L S
ART, MEMORY, AND THE EPISCOPATE  
IN MEDIEVAL GERMANY
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS
UNIVERSITY PARK, PENNSYLVANIA
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Publication of this book has been supported by the International Center of
Medieval Art and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. This book was also
published with the generous assistance of a Book Subvention Award
from the Medieval Academy of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data
Kingsley, Jennifer P., 1978– , author.
The Bernward Gospels : art, memory, and the episcopate
in medieval Germany / Jennifer P. Kingsley.
p. cm
Summary: “An interpretive study of the pictorial program of the
Ottonian Bernward Gospels. Examines how the manuscript conditioned
contemporary and future viewers to remember early medieval
Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim”— Provided by publisher.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-0-271-06079-8 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Bernward Gospels— Illustrations. 2. Bernward, Bishop of Hildesheim,
approximately 960–1022. 3. Illumination of books and manuscripts,
Medieval—Germany— Hildesheim. 4. Illumination of books and manuscripts,
Ottonian—Germany— Hildesheim. 5. Evangeliaries—Germany—Hildesheim—
Illustrations. 6. Bible. Gospels— Illustrations. 7. Catholic Church—
Liturgy—Texts— Illustrations. 8. Christian art and symbolism—Germany—
Hildesheim— Medieval, 500–1500. 9. Diözesan- Museum Hildesheim. I. Title.
nd3359.b47k56 2014
745.6’70943595— dc23
2013026637
Copyright © 2014 The Pennsylvania State University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press,
University Park, PA 16802–1003
The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the
Association of American University Presses.
It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid-f ree
paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements
of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Material, ansi z39.48–1992.
Frontispiece: Hildesheim, Dom- und Diözesanmuseum,
Domschatz 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 175v (detail), Portrait of
John. Courtesy Dom- und Diözesanmuseum, Hildesheim.
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CONTENTS
List of Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
ONE / Memory 15
TWO / Service 37
THREE / Sight 59
FOUR / Touch 81
Conclusion 99
Appendix 111
Notes 117
Bibliography 161
Index 187
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ILLUSTRATIONS
All images courtesy Dom- und Diözesanmuseum, 11. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 111v, Visitation
Hildesheim, unless otherwise noted. and Naming of John the Baptist
12. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 118r, Last Sup-
per and Judas with the High Priests
Color Plates 13. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 118v, Heavenly
(following page 64) Crucifixion and Portrait of Luke
14. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 174r, Christ in
1. Hildesheim, Dom- und Diözesanmuseum, Majesty
Domschatz [DS] 18 (Bernward Gospels), front 15. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 174v, Baptism
cover of Christ and Raising of Lazarus
2. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 16v, dedica- 16. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 175r, Entry into
tion: Bishop Bernward Jerusalem and Crucifixion
3. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 17r, dedication: 17. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 175v, Ascension
Mary and Christ and Portrait of John
4. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 18r, Nativity/ 18. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), back cover
Adoration
5. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 18v, Calling
of the Evangelist Matthew and Dinner at the Figures
House of Levi
6. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 19r, Portrait of 1. DS 61 (Bernward Bible), early eleventh cen-
Matthew tury, fol. 1r 2
7. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 75r, John the 2. Codicology of illustrated quires in the Bern-
Baptist Preaching and Christ Calling the Apostles ward Gospels. Image: author 5
8. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 75v, Noli me 3. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 15r, Matthew’s
tangere and Peter Charging Mark to Write the angel as the Evangelist 8
Gospels 4. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fols. 16v–17r,
9. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 76r, Portrait of dedication 16
Mark 5. Baltimore, The Walters Art Museum,
10. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 111r, Annunci- W7, mid–eleventh century, fol. 9v.
ation to Zacharias and Zacharias Leaving the Photo © 2014 The Walters Art Museum,
Temple used under a Creative Commons
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Attribution- Non Com mercial- ShareAlike 3.0 Calls Matthew; Portrait of Matthew. Photo:
license 17 Knihovna metropolitni kapituly 42
6. Master of the Vienna Gregory Tab- 16. Prague, Knihovna metropolitni kapituly,
let, depiction of the Christian sacrifice Cim. 2 (Prague Gospels), fols. 185v–186r, Last
of the Mass, Lorraine, about 875 or late Supper; Portrait of John. Photo: Knihovna
tenth century. Frankfurt, Liebieghaus, metropolitni kapituly 43
on loan from the Stadt- und Univer- 17. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 75r, John
sitätsbibliothek. Photo © Liebieghaus the Baptist Preaching and Christ Calling the
Skulpturensammlung— ARTOTHEK 19 Apostles 47
7. DS 82, Golden Virgin and Child, early elev- 18. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 111r, Annunci-
enth century 21 ation to Zacharias and Zacharias Leaving the
8. Clermont Communauté, Bibliothèque Temple 49
du Patrimoine, ms 145, tenth century, fol. 19. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 111v, Visitation
130v (detail), drawing of a reliquary. Photo: and Naming of John the Baptist 50
Bibliothèque du Patrimoine, Clermont 20. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 174v, Baptism
Communauté 23 of Christ (detail) 52
9. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 16v, window 21. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 18r, Nativity/
(detail) 28 Adoration 60
10. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Codex 22. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 174r, Christ in
Latinus Monacensis [Clm] 13601 (Uta Codex), Majesty 65
fols. 3v–4r, Symbolic Crucifixion; Bishop 23. Clm 13601 (Uta Codex), fol. 89v, Christ in
Erhard Celebrating the Mass. Photo: Bayeri- Majesty (detail). Photo: Bayerische Staatsbib-
sche Staatsbibliothek München 30 liothek München 67
11. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fols. 18v–19r, 24. Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc. Bibl. 94
Calling of the Evangelist Matthew and Din- (Gospels from Cologne), fols. 154v–155r, prefa-
ner at the House of Levi; Portrait of Matthew tory page to John. Photo: Gerald Raab 68
(right) 38 25. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 118v, Heavenly
12. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fols. 75v–76r, Noli Crucifixion and Portrait of Luke 71
me tangere and Peter Charging Mark to Write 26. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 175v, Ascension
the Gospels; Portrait of Mark 39 and Portrait of John 72
13. Prague, Knihovna metropolitni kapituly, 27. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 75v, Noli me
Cim. 2 (Prague Gospels), ninth century, fols. tangere and Peter Charging Mark to Write the
82v–83r, Mark with Peter; Portrait of Mark. Gospels 82
Photo: Knihovna metropolitni kapituly 40 28. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 76r, Portrait of
14. Prague, Knihovna metropolitni kapituly, Cim. Mark (detail) 88
2 (Prague Gospels), fols. 125v–126r, Luke with 29. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), fol. 118r, Last Sup-
Paul; Portrait of Luke. Photo: Knihovna met- per and Judas with the High Priests 89
ropolitni kapituly 41 30. DS 13 (Franco- Saxon Gospels), front
15. Prague, Knihovna metropolitni kapituly, cover 96
Cim. 2 (Prague Gospels), fols. 23v–24r, Christ 31. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), front cover 104
viii list of illustrations
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32. DS 18 (Bernward Gospels), back cover 105 35. Hildesheim, Holy Cross Church, Cloisters,
33. DS 6, crucifix, after 1007 with twelfth- century Bernward holding the gemmed cross, in situ,
additions 107 ca. 1400 109
34. DS L 109, crux gemmata, ca. 1150–93, with
eleventh- century spolia 108
list of illustrations ix
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