The Atlas of Middle-Earth

227 Pages·1992·79.06 MB·English

by  Karen Wynn Fonstad

The Atlas
of Middle-earth
KAREN WYNN FONSTAD
Revised Edition
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON
To
itsirK dna ,kraM ,ddoT
— )sseleip llits( —
slairt fo sraey net derahs evah ohw
,htrae-elddiM morf shpmuirt dna
dna yreehc ym ,efeeK tiK ot dna
tsrif ohw dneirf suoegaruoc
lent me The Lord of the Rings
Also by Karen Wynn Fonstad
nreP fo saltA ehT
The Atlas of the Land
dlroW ™ecnalnogarD eht fo saltA ehT
The Forgotten Realms® Atlas
The compass rose on the cover was modified from the he-
.R .R .J yb ngised a ,reniraM eht lidneräE fo ecived cidlar
Tolkien.
© George Alien & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd., 1973, 1977,
1979
-elddiM ni spam lla no desu esoht erew nwohs senur ehT
earth, regardless of language. Note that the chief compass
.ronilaV drawot ,tsew saw tniop
númen )(hwtersotn)( nemrof
)htuos( nemrayh rómen (east)
Copyright © 1991 by Karen Wynn Fonstad
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
For information about permission to reproduce selections
nilffiM nothguoH ,snoissimreP ot etirw ,koob siht morf
.80120 sttesuhcassaM ,notsoB ,teertS kraP 2 ,ynapmoC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
.nnyW neraK ,datsnoF
.de .veR — .datsnoF nnyW neraK / htrae-elddiM fo salta ehT
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-395-53516-6
.sgnitteS — 3791-2981 ,)leueR dlanoR nhoJ( .R .R .J ,neikloT .1
2. Middle Earth (Imaginary place) — Maps. I. Title.
G3122.M5F6 1991 (G&M)
823'.912—dc20 91-25932
PAM PIC
Printed in the United States of America
CRW 10 9 8 7 6
Contents
Foreword vii
Introduction ix
THE FIRST AGE
Introduction 1
Valinor 6
Beleriand and the Lands to the North 9
61 hcraM taerG ehT
The Flight of the Noldor 18
91 taefeD taerG eht erofeB — smlaeR
02 sevaC dnasuohT eht ,htorgeneM
Nargothrond 21
Gondolin 22
Thangorodrim and Angband 22
Coming of Men 24
Travels of Beren and Lúthien 25
62 roneiN dna niruT fo slevarT
The Battles of Beleriand 28
82 elttaB tsriF ehT
82 elttaB dnoceS ehT
The Third Battle 30
The Fourth Battle 30
The Fifth Battle 32
The Great Battle 32
THE SECOND AGE
Introduction 37
Refugee Relocation 40
24 sraeY kraD eht fo tnevdA
Númenor 43
44 snaerónemúN eht fo segayoV
The Realms in Exile 46
The Last Alliance 47
THE THIRD AGE
Introduction 51
Kingdoms of the Dúnedain (1050) 54
Battles (1200-1634) 56
The Great Plague (1636-37) 56
85 )5791-1581( ramgnA dna sredirniaW
06 )0492-0002( seitluciffiD gninepeeD
46 stibboH fo snoitargiM
56 sevrawD fo snoitargiM
REGIONAL MAPS
Introduction 69
The Shire 69
Eriador 72
Wilderland 78
The Misty Mountains 79
nymE eht dna ,snwoD eht ,dloW eht ,sdnaL nworB ehT
Muil 83
68 sniatnuoM etihW ehT
Mordor (and Adjacent Lands) 90
THE HOBBIT
Introduction 97
201 nwot-nilboG :lliH rednU dna lliH revO
Out of the Frying Pan 104
501 sllaH nedooW ediW s'nroeB
601 pocrettA ,pocrettA
701 snrevaC s'liudnarhT
Lake-town 108
on niatnuoM ylenoL
The Battle of Five Armies 112
SGNIR EHT FO DROL EHT
Introduction 117
Hobbiton and Bag End 118
021 eniw ydnarB eht gnolA
On the Barrow-downs 122
At the Prancing Pony 124
Weathertop 126
Rivendell 127
Moria 128
Lothlórien 130
231 peeD s'mleH
Isengard 134
Edoras 136
Dunharrow 136
Minas Tirith 138
The Morannon 140
141 nûnnA htenneH
The Path to Cirith Ungol 143
The Tower of Cirith Ungol 144
Mount Doom 146
The Battle of the Hornburg (March 3-4, 3019) 148
Be ahNtttl oneirs th (March 11-30, 3005119)
The Battle of the Pelennor Fields (March 15, 3019) 151
The Battle of the Morannon (March 25, 3019) 154
The Battle of Bywater (November 3, 3019) 155
Pathways 156
Bag End to Rivendell 162
Rivendell to Lórien 164
Rauros to Dunharrow 166
Dunharrow to the Morannon 168
The Journey of Frodo and Sam 170
471 emoH daoR ehT
The Fourth Age 176
SPAM CITAMEHT
Introduction 179
Landforms 180
Climate 182
Vegetation 184
Population 186
Languages 188
Appendix 191
Notes 191
Selected References 200
Index of Place Names 202
Index of Selected Place Names for The History of
Middle-earth 209
Acknowledgments
fo )ycaruccani ro( ycarucca dna ytilauq eht hguohtlA phy and directed my thesis, giving me the invaluable
the product within these pages rests entirely with the knowledge of how to organize a long paper.
author, the work could never have been completed fo tnemtrapeD s'ytisrevinU etteuqraM fo ffats ehT
without the encouragement and assistance of many Special Collections and University Archives, who
people: -loC tpircsunaM neikloT eht ot ssecca evag yllufreehc
My husband, To.dikds,o tnaanS a msusaoTci dantea nportoslfEe skscuohrC o fy lbgaetoong -,noitcel
osla tub ,troppus lanoitome tnel ylno ton ohw ,yhpar ,etteuqraM ta elbaliava edam sgniward eht tuohtiW
lacitirc eht gnirud ecnadiug dna secnerefer dedivorp ni krow erom hcum deriuqer evah dluow saltA siht
eht rof yhpargoeg lacisyhp eht fo snoitaulave laitini -xe erom raf deriuqer evah dluow dna ,gninnigeb eht
regional and thematic maps. tensive revision.
depyt ylgnikatsniap ohw ,nnyW sitsE ,rehtom yM tnemtrapeD hsokhsO-nisnocsiW fo ytisrevinU ehT
much of the original manuscript, and my sister Marsa of Geography, Cartographic Services, Learning Re-
.retupmoc a no lla ti depyter ohw ,pussirC sources Center, and the Oshkosh Public Library, from
-noF draW etal eht dna yaF ,stnerap s'dnabsuh yM which many of my references were drawn.
stad, my good friends Lea Meeker and Zenda Gutier- Houghton Mifflin's editors and other personnel,
denetsil ohw sdneirf dna ylimaf ym fo srehto dna ,zer who were enthusiastic and supportive from the outset.
to my woes, watched the children, ran errands, and Special thanks go to my editors on the two editions,
forgave me for being too busy to return their good Stella Easland on the original, and Ruth Hapgood on
will. the revision, and to Anne Barrett, my delightful first
The many readers who have shared their enthusi- contact.
sraey net eht gnirud snoitseggus dna snoitseuq ,msa Robert Foster, without whose excellent glossary the
the Atlas has been available. original atlas would have taken much longer to com-
Numerous University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh fac- plete.
ulty members who answered my questions, including Christopher Tolkien, whose release of The Silmar-
Paul Johnson, William and Doris Hodge, Andrew Bod- illion supplied the spark that began my work, and who
-raH lieN ,rezteN dlanoD etal eht ,dnaleM sliN ,nam has performed a monumental task in organizing The
riman, Donald Bruyere, Herbert Gaede, Ronald Crane, History series.
.gnilegneM nivraM dna And especially J. R. R. Tolkien, who wrote not only
diuqiL ot em decudortni ohw ,nosdrahciR asiL enthralling books, but also meticulous ones. Only such
!revomer kni ™resarE breadth of knowledge and attention to detail could
-inU eht ta rosseforp rojam ym ,na!mdnooG .oM semiaJsiver a dna — salta eritne na rof atad eht edivorp
-argotrac ni em detcurtsni ohw ,amohalkO fo ytisrev
Foreword
In the summer of 1988, a reader (who due to the counts; and additional names for many locations. The
niamer tsum metsys 'gnilif-non' ym fo ycauqedani .sredaer morf snoitseggus setaroprocni osla noisiver
neeb yltneuqerf sah hcihw noitseuq a deksa )nwonknu salta eht ezidradnats ot tpmetta on neeb sah erehT
neiklpooTse-dn osninc feo th seg rneilteiarswe o df nTahe ,sAgtlnaisw oaf rMdid ,dslpe-aemarth htiw
in 1981: "Are there any plans to publish a paperback sources.
,esdeigtiaon r?e"i lOrfa emo ereh tim fpoor tsadnncae,l h eohwtev gern, iwliaast ethde rsepada-m ehT
er's second question: "Will the atlas be revised based especially those in volume four, The Shaping of Mid-
on the History of Middle-earth serieesht? g"nip pamTerh nii lsuf pleeh dyllaiicteipsoe nerew ,htrae-eld
is the direct response to both of those queries. whole of Arda. In the original atlas the world maps
.tExveetn n ebtetfiorrwe tehhet ofroig isniasly laatlnaas wnoen yt lttoc iprrtess sd, eista bre -erew
quired revision whene nHoo ,suggnihRt oenht Mfo difrofLli neh Tse gnnti rtehveo ct ysepmeu-lov eht nI
eht fo tnemngissa secrhiptt osf aUwnfi nyisrheodt sTailHes, wehhicTh w faos n eotl oexrpe clteadi ctourc
rehpotsirhC .tnirp ni saw salta eht retfa litnu evirra various drawings and maps to the appropriate version
,yrotsiH ehT no yletaidemmi nageb yltnerappa neikloT of the text. This information immediately clarified
.3891 ni dethgirypoc emulov tsrif eht htiw morf elbaliava neeb dah taht sehcteks eht fo emos yhw
Volumes one through five of The History covered Marquette University archives during the initial writ-
the period through the downfall of Númenor, while ing and design of the atlas differed in some details
fo droL ehT no dednapxe enin hguorht xis semulov ,dragnesI ylbaton ,snoitpircsed dehsilbup eht morf
-simo elbaton owt sah raf suht yrotsiH ehT 1.sgniR eht .htiriT saniM dna ,worrahnuD
sions. Except for Unfinished Tales, there is no publi- While Christopher Tolkien states that The Lord of
cation expanding on The Hobbit or the appendices the Rings was created "in waves"4 (the author writing
ereht dna ,egA drihT ylrae eht fo yrotsih eht gnitaler a section of the tale, then recommencing several chap-
may not be.2 ters back), the striking impression is often of the sim-
ilarities rather than the differences — although it is
The importance of The Hobbit in the history of the evo-
ti sa gnitpmeT !rettal eht ezylana ot gniugirtni erom
tcaf eht ni ,emit siht ta ,neht seil htrae-elddiM fo noitul
suoirav eht hguorht snoisiv s'neikloT ecart ot saw
that it was published, and that a sequel to it was demanded
dluow ti tahw ni seil htrae-elddiM rof ecnacifingis stI ... -siH ehT ot derrefer eb tsum detseretni esoht ,segats
do, not in what it was.3 tory. The same was true of the many changes of the
-nitnoc "sraeY fo elaT ehT" .ygolonorhc dna syawhtap
yltnatculer saw noisiced eht ,ssecorp eht ni ylraE
,gnir eht fo tseuq eht rof ytirohtua eht sa dnats ot deu
made to use The History simply as a reference to
5.syaD redlE eht sa llew sa
confirm and/or elaborate on the original atlas, rather
suoirav gnirapmoc noissucsid dna spam dda ot naht
htlaew ehT .setaler yrotsiH ehT seirots eht fo smrof
otni detaroprocni eb ton dluoc ylpmis noitamrofni fo
the atlas without complete redesign, which would dou-
ble the length, and, most important, produce possible
daer dah ohw sredaer fo sdnasuoht eht ot noisufnoc
only the original (finalized) version of the Middle-
yrotsiH ,noitacilpud elpmis diova ot ,oslA .selat htrae
fi ro tcerroc era yeht nehw ylno detsil era secnerefer
gnitsixe eht ot noitamrofni ro thgisni artxe dda yeht
text.
Within the role of correcting the original atlas, The
-ward lanoitidda :saera eerht ni tcapmi na dah yrotsiH
ings and maps not previously available; more detailed
discussions in early versions which were absent (but
-ca dehsilbup lanif eht ni )decalper ylirassecen ton
Foreword vii
Figure 1