The Art of Electronics (3rd edition)

2005·29.29 MB·english

by  Horowitz & Hill

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THIRD
EDITION
The Art of Electronics
ThirdEdition
At long last, here is the thoroughly revised and updated, and long-anticipated, third edition of the hugely successful
The Art of Electronics. Widely accepted as the best single authoritative text and reference on electronic circuit design,
bothanaloganddigital,thefirsttwoeditionsweretranslatedintoeightlanguages,andsoldmorethanamillioncopies
worldwide.Theartofelectronicsisexplainedbystressingthemethodsactuallyusedbycircuitdesigners–acombination
of some basic laws, rules of thumb, and a nonmathematical treatment that encourages understanding why and how a
circuitworks.
Paul Horowitz is a Research Professor of Physics and of Electrical Engineering at Harvard University, where in 1974
heoriginatedtheLaboratoryElectronicscoursefromwhichemergedTheArtofElectronics.Inadditiontohisworkin
circuitdesignandelectronicinstrumentation,hisresearchinterestshaveincludedobservationalastrophysics,x-rayand
particlemicroscopy,andopticalinterferometry.HeisoneofthepioneersofthesearchforintelligentlifebeyondEarth
(SETI).Heistheauthorofsome200scientificarticlesandreports,hasconsultedwidelyforindustryandgovernment,
andisthedesignerofnumerousscientificandphotographicinstruments.
WinfieldHillisbyinclinationanelectronics circuit-designguru.Afterdropping outoftheChemical Physics graduate
programatHarvardUniversity,andobtaininganE.E.degree,hebeganhisengineeringcareeratHarvard’sElectronics
DesignCenter.After7yearsoflearningelectronicsatHarvardhefoundedSeaDataCorporation,wherehespent16years
designinginstrumentsforPhysicalOceanography.In1988hewasrecruitedbyEdwinLandtojointheRowlandInstitute
forScience.TheinstitutesubsequentlymergedwithHarvardUniversityin2003.Asdirectoroftheinstitute’sElectronics
EngineeringLabhehasdesignedsome500scientificinstruments.Recentinterestsincludehigh-voltageRF(to15kV),
high-currentpulsedelectronics(to1200A),low-noiseamplifiers(tosub-nVandpA),andMOSFETpulsegenerators.
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THE ART OF ELECTRONICS
Third Edition
Paul Horowitz
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Winfield Hill
ROWLAND INSTITUTE AT HARVARD
32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10013-2473,USA
CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521809269
©CambridgeUniversityPress,1980,1989,2015
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished1980
Secondedition1989
Thirdedition2015
7thprinting2016withcorrections
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN978-0-521-80926-9Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetwebsitesreferredto
inthispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch
websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
To Vida and Ava
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In Memoriam: Jim Williams, 1948–2011
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CONTENTS
ListofTables xxii 1.6.5 Regulators 34
1.6.6 Circuitapplicationsofdiodes 35
PrefacetotheFirstEdition xxv 1.6.7 Inductiveloadsanddiode
protection 38
PrefacetotheSecondEdition xxvii 1.6.8 Interlude:inductorsasfriends 39
1.7 Impedanceandreactance 40
PrefacetotheThirdEdition xxix 1.7.1 Frequencyanalysisofreactive
circuits 41
ONE: Foundations 1 1.7.2 Reactanceofinductors 44
1.1 Introduction 1 1.7.3 Voltagesandcurrentsas
1.2 Voltage,current,andresistance 1 complexnumbers 44
1.2.1 Voltageandcurrent 1 1.7.4 Reactanceofcapacitorsand
1.2.2 Relationshipbetweenvoltage inductors 45
andcurrent:resistors 3 1.7.5 Ohm’slawgeneralized 46
1.2.3 Voltagedividers 7 1.7.6 Powerinreactivecircuits 47
1.2.4 Voltagesourcesandcurrent 1.7.7 Voltagedividersgeneralized 48
sources 8 1.7.8 RChighpassfilters 48
1.2.5 The´veninequivalentcircuit 9 1.7.9 RClowpassfilters 50
1.2.6 Small-signalresistance 12 1.7.10 RCdifferentiatorsand
1.2.7 Anexample:“It’stoohot!” 13 integratorsinthefrequency
1.3 Signals 13 domain 51
1.3.1 Sinusoidalsignals 14 1.7.11 Inductorsversuscapacitors 51
1.3.2 Signalamplitudesanddecibels 14 1.7.12 Phasordiagrams 51
1.3.3 Othersignals 15 1.7.13 “Poles”anddecibelsperoctave 52
1.3.4 Logiclevels 17 1.7.14 Resonantcircuits 52
1.3.5 Signalsources 17 1.7.15 LCfilters 54
1.4 Capacitorsandaccircuits 18 1.7.16 Othercapacitorapplications 54
1.4.1 Capacitors 18 1.7.17 The´venin’stheoremgeneralized 55
1.4.2 RCcircuits:V andIversustime 21 1.8 Puttingitalltogether–anAMradio 55
1.4.3 Differentiators 25 1.9 Otherpassivecomponents 56
1.4.4 Integrators 26 1.9.1 Electromechanicaldevices:
1.4.5 Notquiteperfect... 28 switches 56
1.5 Inductorsandtransformers 28 1.9.2 Electromechanicaldevices:
1.5.1 Inductors 28 relays 59
1.5.2 Transformers 30 1.9.3 Connectors 59
1.6 Diodesanddiodecircuits 31 1.9.4 Indicators 61
1.6.1 Diodes 31 1.9.5 Variablecomponents 63
1.6.2 Rectification 31 1.10 A parting shot: confusing markings and
1.6.3 Power-supplyfiltering 32 itty-bittycomponents 64
1.6.4 Rectifierconfigurationsfor 1.10.1 Surface-mounttechnology:the
powersupplies 33 joyandthepain 65
ix