The Art and Architecture of India - Buddhist, Hindu, Jain

518 Pages·1984·87.62 MB·English

by  Benjamin Rowland

The
Pelican History of Art
!
The Art and Architecture
of India
Buddhist Hindu Jain Benjamin Rowland
- -

THE PELICAN HISTOR Y OF ART
JointEditors: NikolausPevsnerandJudyNairn
BenjaminRowland
THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA
Buddhist/Hindu /Jain
BenjaminRowland,whodiedon3October 1972,wasaProfessorofFineArtsatHarvard
University,hisoriginalinterestbeingthehistoryofWesternart.Onhisspecialfieldofresearch,
the ItalianandSpanishartofthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturies,hepublishedabookand
variouspapers.AfteralongjourneytotheFarEastin 1932,hisattentionbecameparticularly
directedtotheartandarchitectureofIndia;andthefruitofasecondEasternjourneyin 1936-7,
W
particularlytoAfghanistan,washisbookon The all-PaintingsofIndia, CentralAsia,andCeylon.
In 1933DrRowlandbeganteachingOrientalartatHarvard.Hewasalsoapainterinwatercolour,
andexamplesofhisworkmaybefoundinvariousAmericanmuseums.

Benjamin Rowland
THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE
OF INDIA
Buddhist Hindu Jain
/ \
Penguin Books
PenguinBooksLtd, Harmondsworth, Middlesex,England
PenguinBooks,40West23rdStreet,New York, New York 10010, U.S.A.
PenguinBooksAustraliaLtd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
PenguinBooksCanadaLimited, 2801JohnStreet,Markham, Ontario, CanadaL3R 1B4
PenguinBooks(N.Z.)Ltd, 182-1go WairauRoad, Auckland 10, NewZealand
Firstpublished1953
Reprinted1953, 1954
Secondrevisededition 1956
Reprinted1959
Thirdrevisededition 1967
Firstintegratededition, basedon thirdhardbackedition, 1970
Reprinted1974
Reprintedwithrevisionsandupdatedbibliography byJ. C.Harle 1977
Reprinted1981, 1984
©
Copyright BenjaminRowland, 1953, 1956, 1967, 1970
©
Copyright theEstateofBenjaminRowland, 1977
Allrightsreserved
LibraryofCongresscatalogcardnumber:73-125676
Printedin the UnitedStatesofAmericaby
KingsportPress,Inc.,Kingsport, Tennessee
SetinMonophotoEhrhardt
Designedby GeraldCinamon
Exceptinthe UnitedStatesofAmerica,
thisbookissoldsubjecttothecondition
thatitshallnot, by wayof tradeorotherwise,
belent,re-sold, hiredout,orotherwisecirculated
withoutthepublisher'spriorconsentinanyform of
bindingorcoverotherthan thatin which itis
publishedandwithoutasimilarcondition
includingthisconditionbeingimposed
on thesubsequentpurchaser
To Lucy and thegirls
This edition is basedonthe firstintegrated
edition issued in 1970, with revisionsanda
completely updated bibliographycontributed
byDrJ. C. Harle.
The drawings weremadebyP.J. Darvall
and the maps by Sheila Waters.
1
CONTENTS
Noteonthe IntegratedEdition 6
ChronologicalTable 9
PronunciationGuide 10
Glossary 1
Maps 16-19
PartOne: ThePrehistoricandEpicPeriodsinArtandReligion
1. Introduction 21
2. TheProto-HistoricPeriod: The IndusValleyCivilization 31
S$. TheEpicPeriod: Vedicand Pre-Maurya Civilizations 43
(4. TheEpicPeriod: TheReligionsofIndia 49
Part Two: TheEarly ClassicPeriods
1 15- TThhee FFiirrsstt IInnddiiaannEEmmppiirree:: TThheeMMaauuriyaPeriod 59
The SungaPeriod(185-72B.C.) 77
<h. TheEarlyAndhraPeriod(72-25 B.C.) 95
~P (8. TheRock-cutSanctuariesofEarlyBuddhism 113
Part Three: Romano-IndianArtinNorth-WestIndiaandCentralAsia
9. ArtundertheKushans
I. Gandhara: Greco-Roman Formand Indian Iconography 121
10. ArtundertheKushans
II. Mathura: The IndianPhase 149
11. Afghanistan: TheRoad toCentralAsia 165
12. BuddhistArtinTurkestan 185
13. The ArtofKashmir 199
CONTENTS
PartFour: TheGoldenAgeandEndofBuddhistArt
ljLb14. The LaterAndhra Period 207
15. The Golden Age: The GuptaPeriod 215
16. LateBuddhistArtin India, Nepal,andTibet 255
PartFive: TheHinduRenaissance
%ihj. The PeriodoftheHindu Dynasties 273
.1;8. South IndianBronzes 327
*»1 [9. PaintingofthePeriodoftheHindu Dynasties: Wall-Paintingsand Miniatures 341
PartSix: Indian Artin CeylonandSouth-EastAsia
20. Ceylon 359
^1. Cambodia: TheArtand ArchitectureoftheKhmers 385
22. ArtandArchitectureinSiam 423
^23. The ArtandArchitectureofBurma 439
1/24.Java 445
Notes 469
Bibliography 487
ListofIllustrations 495
Index 505