The arrow and the olive branch: practical idealism in U.S. foreign policy

249 Pages·2008·0.87 MB·English

by  Jack Godwin

The Arrow and the Olive Branch
PraegerSecurityInternationalAdvisoryBoard
BoardCochairs
Loch K. Johnson, Regents Professor of Public and International Affairs,
SchoolofPublicandInternationalAffairs,UniversityofGeorgia(U.S.A.)
PaulWilkinson,Professorof InternationalRelationsandChairmanofthe
AdvisoryBoard,Centrefor theStudyofTerrorismandPoliticalViolence,
UniversityofSt.Andrews(U.K.)
Members
AnthonyH.Cordesman,ArleighA.BurkeChairinStrategy,CenterforStra-
tegicandInternationalStudies(U.S.A.)
The´re`seDelpech,DirectorofStrategicAffairs,AtomicEnergyCommission,
andSeniorResearchFellow,CERI(FondationNationaledesSciencesPoli-
tiques),Paris(France)
SirMichaelHoward,formerChicheleProfessoroftheHistoryofWarand
Regis Professor of Modern History, Oxford University, and Robert A.
LovettProfessorofMilitaryandNavalHistory,YaleUniversity(U.K.)
LieutenantGeneralClaudiaJ.Kennedy,USA(Ret.),formerDeputyChiefof
StaffforIntelligence,DepartmentoftheArmy(U.S.A.)
PaulM.Kennedy,J.RichardsonDilworthProfessorofHistoryandDirec-
tor,InternationalSecurityStudies,YaleUniversity(U.S.A.)
Robert J. O’Neill, former Chichele Professor of the History of War, All
SoulsCollege,OxfordUniversity(Australia)
ShibleyTelhami,AnwarSadatChairforPeaceandDevelopment,Depart-
mentofGovernmentandPolitics,UniversityofMaryland(U.S.A.)
FareedZakaria,Editor,NewsweekInternational(U.S.A.)
THE ARROW AND
THE OLIVE BRANCH
Practical Idealism in U.S.
Foreign Policy
JACK GODWIN
ForewordbyLeonE.Panetta
The Ethicsof American ForeignPolicy
DavidA. Welchand Robert G.Patman,Series Editors
PRAEGER SECURITY INTERNATIONAL
Westport,Connecticut · London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Godwin,Jack.
Thearrowandtheolivebranch:practicalidealisminU.S.foreignpolicy/JackGodwin;
forewordbyLeonE.Panetta.
p.cm.—(TheethicsofAmericanforeignpolicy,ISSN1939–0203)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978–0–313–34820–4(alk.paper)
1. UnitedStates—Foreignrelations. I.Title
E183.7.G653 2008
327.73—dc22 2007038904
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable.
Copyright©2008byJackGodwin
Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe
reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe
expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2007038904
ISBN-13:978–0–313–34820–4
ISSN:1939–0203
Firstpublishedin2008
PraegerSecurityInternational,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881
AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc.
www.praeger.com
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe
PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational
InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984).
10987654321
Tomymentors
RichardChadwickoftheUniversityofHawaii
EdwinDuerrofSanFranciscoStateUniversity

Contents
SERIESFOREWORD xi
FOREWORDBYLEONE.PANETTA xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii
PREFACE xix
INTRODUCTION 1
PARTI:PURCHASE,ANNEXATION,ANDCONQUEST, 7
1796–1895
CHAPTER1:EUROPEANINFLUENCEANDMONROE 9
DOCTRINE
LouisianaPurchase;EuropeanInfluence;FreeNavigation;Annexing
Texas;Mexican-AmericanWar;GunboatDiplomacy
PARTII:TWOOCEANSANDTWOWORLDWARS,1896–1945 25
CHAPTER2:MONROEDOCTRINEIIANDDOLLAR 27
DIPLOMACY
PanamaCanal;Spanish-AmericanWar;AcquiringthePhilippines;
AcquiringHawaii;OpenDoorPolicyinChina
CHAPTER3:WORLDWARIANDNEWWORLDORDER 38
InterventioninMexico;FreeNavigation;theSpecialRelationship;
ExpeditionaryForce;TreatyofVersailles;LeagueofNations
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER4:ARMSCONTROL 49
WashingtonNavalLimitationTreaty;LeagueofNations;
Kellogg-BriandPact;Crashof1929;Smoot-HawleyTariffAct
CHAPTER5:WORLDWARII 57
GoodNeighbor;GermanyAnnexestheSudetenland,
Three-Powers;FourFreedoms;PearlHarbor;EuropeFirst;
GermanyandJapanSurrender
PARTIII:COLDWARANDLIMITEDWAR,1946–1988 79
CHAPTER6:LIMITEDWARI:KOREA 81
TrumanDoctrine;MarshallPlan;NationalSecurityAct;
DesegregatingtheMilitary;NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization;
KoreanWar
CHAPTER7:STRATEGICDEFENSE 93
ArmisticeinSouthKorea;DominoTheory;PublicDiplomacy;
EisenhowerDoctrine;SuezCrisis;TroopsinLebanon
CHAPTER8:MONROEDOCTRINEIIIANDLIMITEDWARII: 104
VIETNAM
AllianceforProgress;BerlinWall;CubanMissileCrisis;Gulf
ofTonkin;WarEscalation;TetOffensive
CHAPTER9:ARMSCONTROLIIANDLIMITEDWARIII: 125
VIETNAM
NixonDoctrine;RapprochementwithChina;PeaceTalks;
OPECOilEmbargo;WarPowersResolution
CHAPTER10:ARMSCONTROLIIIANDSTRATEGIC 142
DEFENSEII
CampDavidAccord;IranHostageCrisis;SovietsInvadeAfghanistan;
StrategicDefenseInitiative;TerroristAttackinLebanon;Invasionof
Grenada;Iran-ContraAffair
PARTIV:GLOBALSUPREMACYANDGLOBAL 163
STEWARDSHIP,1989–
CHAPTER11:NEWWORLDORDERIIANDLIMITEDWARIV: 165
IRAQ
TiananmenSquare;BerlinWallFalls;InvasionofPanama;IraqInvades
Kuwait;GulfWar;GorbachevResigns;theSovietUnionDisintegrates
CONTENTS ix
CHAPTER12:DOLLARDIPLOMACYIIANDMONROE 174
DOCTRINEIV
FirefightinMogadishu;NAFTA;CrisisinHaiti;CrisisinMexico;
DaytonPeaceAccords;AirStrikesinIraqandSerbia
CHAPTER13:LIMITEDWARV:IRAQANDTHEWARON 186
TERROR
DefenseReform;9/11Attack;InvasionofAfghanistan;Disarmament
Crisis;IraqWarandOccupation
EPILOGUE 199
NOTES 203
BIBLIOGRAPHY 215
INDEX 217