The Ancient Synagogue from its Origins to 200 C.E.: A Source Book (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity)

345 Pages·2007·3.65 MB·English

by  Anders Runesson

The Ancient Synagogue
from its Origins to 200 C.E.
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Ancient Judaism and
Early Christianity
Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken
Judentums und des Urchristentums
Editorial Board
Martin Hengel (Tübingen)
Pieter W. van der Horst (Utrecht)
Martin Goodman (Oxford)
Daniel R. Schwartz ( Jerusalem)
Cilliers Breytenbach (Berlin)
Friedrich Avemarie (Marburg)
Seth Schwartz (New York)
VOLUME 72
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The Ancient Synagogue
from its Origins
to 200 C.E.
A Source Book
by
Anders Runesson, Donald D. Binder
and Birger Olsson
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2008
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In some cases it has not been possible, despite every effort, to locate those with rights
to material that may still be in copyright. The publisher would be glad to hear from
anyone who holds such rights, in order that appropriate acknowledgement can be
made in future editions.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISSN 1871-6636
ISBN 978 90 04 16116 0
Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing,
IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission
from the publisher.
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Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to
The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910,
Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
printed in the netherlands
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For Rachel, Noah, Rebecca and Anna,
Mary,
and Martin,
in thanksgiving
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CONTENTS
Foreword ..................................................................................... xi
1 Introduction ............................................................................. 1
1.1 The Synagogue in Ancient Writings and Modern
Studies ........................................................................... 1
1.2 The Current State of Research ................................... 5
1.3 Topics in Synagogue Research ..................................... 7
1.4 Tools for Synagogue Studies ........................................ 13
1.5 The Organization and Aim of the Present Collection
of Synagogue Sources .................................................. 15
2 The Land of Israel .................................................................... 20
2.1 Identi(cid:2) ed Locations ...................................................... 20
2.1.1 Caesarea .......................................................... 20
2.1.2 Cana ................................................................ 22
2.1.3 Capernaum ..................................................... 25
2.1.4 Chorazin ......................................................... 32
2.1.5 Gamla .............................................................. 33
2.1.6 Herodion ......................................................... 35
2.1.7 Horvat (cid:2)Etri ..................................................... 36
2.1.8 Idumea ............................................................ 38
2.1.9 Jericho ............................................................. 40
2.1.10 Jerusalem ......................................................... 42
2.1.11 Magdala .......................................................... 55
2.1.12 Masada ............................................................ 55
2.1.13 Modi(cid:2)in ............................................................ 57
2.1.14 Nabratein (Nevoraya) ...................................... 58
2.1.15 Nazareth .......................................................... 60
2.1.16 Qatzion ........................................................... 64
2.1.17 Qiryat Sefer .................................................... 65
2.1.18 Qumran .......................................................... 66
2.1.19 Shuafat ............................................................ 75
2.1.20 Tiberias ........................................................... 76
2.2 General References and Unidenti(cid:2) ed Locations ......... 79
2.2.1 Galilee ............................................................. 79
2.2.2 Judaea .............................................................. 90
2.2.3 General ............................................................ 95
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viii contents
3 The Diaspora ............................................................................ 118
3.1 Identi(cid:2) ed Locations ...................................................... 118
3.1.1 Achaia ............................................................... 118
3.1.1.1 Aegina .............................................. 118
3.1.1.2 Athens .............................................. 118
3.1.1.3 Corinth ............................................. 121
3.1.1.4 Delos ................................................. 123
3.1.2 Asia .................................................................... 134
3.1.2.1 Acmonia ........................................... 134
3.1.2.2 Ephesus ............................................ 135
3.1.2.3 Halicarnassus ................................... 139
3.1.2.4 Miletus .............................................. 140
3.1.2.5 Parium .............................................. 141
3.1.2.6 Philadelphia ...................................... 141
3.1.2.7 Priene ............................................... 143
3.1.2.8 Sardis ................................................ 143
3.1.2.9 Smyrna ............................................. 146
3.1.2.10 Synnada ............................................ 148
3.1.2.11 Thyatira ............................................ 149
3.1.2.12 General ............................................. 149
3.1.3 The Bosporan Kingdom ................................... 152
3.1.3.1 Gorgippia ......................................... 152
3.1.3.2 Olbia ................................................ 155
3.1.3.3 Panticapaeum ................................... 156
3.1.3.4 Phanagoria ....................................... 160
3.1.4 Cyprus ............................................................... 162
3.1.4.1 Salamis ............................................. 162
3.1.5 Cyrenaica .......................................................... 163
3.1.5.1 Berenice ............................................ 163
3.1.5.2 Cyrene .............................................. 170
3.1.6 Egypt ................................................................. 171
3.1.6.1 Alexandria ........................................ 171
3.1.6.2 Alexandrou-Nesos ............................ 188
3.1.6.3 Arsinoë-Crocodilopolis ..................... 190
3.1.6.4 Athribis ............................................. 193
3.1.6.5 Leontopolis ....................................... 195
3.1.6.6 Naucratis .......................................... 196
3.1.6.7 Nitriai ............................................... 197
3.1.6.8 Ptolemais .......................................... 197
3.1.6.9 Schedia ............................................. 198
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contents ix
3.1.6.10 Xenephyris ..................................... 199
3.1.6.11 General References and Uncertain
Locations ........................................ 199
3.1.7 Galatia ............................................................. 218
3.1.7.1 Iconium .......................................... 218
3.1.7.2 Pisidian Antioch ............................. 219
3.1.8 Hungary ......................................................... 222
3.1.8.1 Osijek (Mursa) ................................ 222
3.1.9 Italy ................................................................. 223
3.1.9.1 Ostia ............................................... 223
3.1.9.2 Rome .............................................. 230
3.1.10 Macedonia ...................................................... 237
3.1.10.1 Beroea ............................................ 237
3.1.10.2 Philippi ........................................... 238
3.1.10.3 Thessalonica ................................... 239
3.1.10.4 Stobi ............................................... 240
3.1.11 Mesopotamia ................................................... 243
3.1.11.1 Dura Europos ................................ 243
3.1.12 Syria ................................................................ 244
3.1.12.1 Antioch ........................................... 244
3.1.12.2 Damascus ....................................... 246
3.1.12.3 Dora (Dor) ..................................... 247
3.2 General References and Unidenti(cid:2) ed Locations ......... 249
3.2.1 Literary Sources .............................................. 249
4 General References ...................................................................... 255
4.1 Literary Sources ......................................................... 255
4.1.1 2 Corinthians .................................................. 255
4.1.2 Philo ................................................................ 255
4.1.3 Acts .................................................................. 263
4.1.4 Artemidorus .................................................... 264
4.1.5 Cleomedes ....................................................... 265
4.1.6 Tacitus ............................................................. 266
4.1.7 Justin Martyr ................................................... 267
5 Jewish Temples Outside Jerusalem ............................................... 274
5.1 Babylonia ...................................................................... 274
5.1.1 Casiphia .......................................................... 274
5.2 Egypt ............................................................................. 275
5.2.1 Elephantine ..................................................... 275
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