The Analysis and Interpretation of Genetic Data Involving Translocations Obtained from F2 and F3 Generations in Barley

117 Pages·7.406 MB·English

by  Hanson, Warren Durward

PURDUE UNIVERSITY
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION
by Warren Durv/ard Hanson
entitled The Analysis and Interpretation of Genetic Data
Involving Translocations Obtained from and Generations
in Barley
COMPLIES WITH THE UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS ON GRADUATION THESES
AND IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy___________________________________
Professor in Charge of Thesis
Heap of School or Department
August 15. 19 50
TO THE LIBRARIAN:--
m
THIS THESIS IS NOT TO BE REGARDED AS CONFIDENTIAL.
FHOFESSOK US CHARGE
GRAD. S CEO OX, FORM 9—3-49—1M

THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF GENETIC DATA INVOLVING
TRANSLOCATIGNS OBTAINED FROM Fg AND Fo GENERATIONS
IN BARLEY
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
Purdue University
Warren Durward Hanson
In I^trtial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Doctor of Philosophy
August, 195>0
ProQuest Number: 27714071
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The writer wishes to express appreciation to Dr. H. H* Kramer for
his advice and guidance in the conduct of this research and for his
helpful suggestions and criticisms in the preparation of this manuscript,
to Dr. C. F. Kossack for his aid in the interpretation of the variance
of maximum likelihood estimates, and to Professor H. J. Yearian for the
technical assistance in the X-ray study# Appreciation also is expressed
to Dr. C. R. Burnham of the Division of Agronomy and Plant Genetics,
University of Minnesota, for the introductions used in this study.
The writer is grateful for the Purdue Foundation Grant which has
made this study possible.
table of contents
Page
VITA.............. ix
ABSTRACT.................................................... * xr
INTRODUCTION................................................. 1
PART I THE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DATA INVOLVING TRANSLOCATION FROM
F% AND F^ DATA............... It
Derivation of Formulas...... 5
Genetic Expectation................... 5
Maximum Likelihood Formulas in Terms of x************** 8
The Amount of Diformation ......... 10
Combining Data from Different Sources .............. 12
Conversion to Recombination Values...... lit
Basic Assumptions for the Scoring Formulas lf>
The Estimation of the Variance of£ . ........... 18
Material and Methods.......... 2lt
Presentation of Data ................. 29
The Application of Formulas................... 29
Tests for Linkage............................... 31
Interchange 272.............................. 31
Interchange 273. . -............................. 33
Interchange 298................. 3£
Interchange 299.................... 38
Interchange 300..................... I4.0
Interchange 301 ................... I4.2
Interchange 302........................... . UU
The Application of Scoring Formulas to Determine
Linkage Intensities .......... 1*6
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
The Summary of Linkage Intensities.................. h9
Linkage Studies with the Factor Pair Lg^,lg^ $0
Lis eus sion.............................. 55
PART II THE INTERPRETATION OF RECOMBINATIŒÏ AND STERILITY IN AN
INTERCHANGE HETEROZYGOTE................................ 57
Derivation of Recombination and Sterility Relationships.... 58
Discussion. .......... ................••• 63
PART III A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE
THROUGH THE USE OF TRANSLOCATIGNS ..................... 69
Material and Methods .............................. 71
Presentation of Data.................. 73
The Analysis for the Data............... 73
Presentation of Analysis............... 75
Discussion ......... 80
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS...................................... 86
APPENDIX TABLES............................................. 88
LITERATURE CITED............................................ 101
iv
LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES
List of Tables
Table Page
1« Fg genotypic frequencies in normal and semisterlie classes
in relation to gametic origin.......... ....... ..... 7
.
2 F2 phenotypic and genotypic frequencies with the corre­
sponding observed numbers in terms of x where x =
e(i-e >............................................. 9
3. Maximum likelihood formulas for determination of x where
x — p(l—p) and formulas for the amount of information
basecE orTan estimate of .............. . 10
lu The variance of the x distribution determined by sampling
compared with the corresponding variance computed by
the formula for ............................. 12
5. Formulas for the scores and for the amount of information
when x — .2^ for application to Xp for independence
between the interchange and a factor pair....... . Hi
6* Summary of X-ray studies with the eight new interchanges
designated as X9h9 field cultures...... 22
7. Introductions received from Dr» Burnham, University of
Minnesota............ .............................. 26
8. Summary of factor pairs studied together with the linkage
group to which each factor pair belongs, the genotype
of the interchange, and the genetic stock used to study
the linkage............................ ............ 27
9. Data amenable to combining for the determination of
linkage between interchange break 301 and K,k........ 30
.
10 The scores (cx), the amount of information (3^.), the
values for linkage, and the values for homogeneity. • 30
.
11 The values for linkage in the individual sources, for
linkage in the total sample, and for population
homogeneity involving interchange 272..... 32
12. The values for linkage in individual sources of data,
for linkage in the total sample, and for population
homogeneity involving interchange 273............... . 3U
v
Table Paêe
13* The X2 values for linkage in individual sources ofd ata,
for linkage in total sample, and for population
homogeneity involving interchange 298................. 36
lU» The X2 values for linkage in individual sources of data,
for linkage in total sample, and for population
homogeneity involving interchange 299.......... 39
l5# The X2 values for linkage in individual sources of data,
for linkage in total sample, and for population
homogeneity involving interchange 300..... Ul
16# The X2 values for linkage in individual sources of data,
for linkage in the total sample, and for population
homogeneity involving interchange 301............ U3
17# The X2 values for linkage in individual sources of data,
for linkage in the total sample, and for population
homogeneity involving interchange 302.... ... ..#.
18# The calculation of linkage between the interchange point
301 and K,k locus....................... . . . . U-7
19# Summary of linkage intensities between the seven inter­
changes and the respective gene pairs together with
the observed numbers for each group of data........ • 5>1
20# Fg and backcross populations which on the average will
give significant deviations from independence at the
percent level at given recombination percentages ••• • £6
21# The frequency of Division I spores of meiosis based on
the frequency of disjunction types, the chiasma
frequency in region 1 (x), and the chiasma frequency
in region 2 (z)....................... ......... . 6l
22# The effect of frequencies of different types of dis­
junction and the effect of chiasma frequencies in the
two interstitial regions on percent recombination in
region 1 and on sterility in an interchange heterozygote 61|
23. The partial analysis of variance for the data on the date
head clipped. ....... 76
2ij.# The partial analysis of variance for the data on 2/3
mature........ . 76
25# The partial analysis of variance for the data on
maximum plant height................. ............ 77
vi
Table Page
26* The partial analysis of variance for the data on median
stalk height................................... * 78
27* The partial analysis of variance for the data on seeds per
average head..*..................................... 79
28. The means of the Fg, the tester parent, and the inter­
change parent involving different quantitative
characters................................. 81
List of Figures
Figure
le The value of p expressed as a function linear in x........ 20
2* The confidence limits for an estimate of £ based on the
standard error of x converted to values of £ and on
the standard error of £ ............. 21
3. Normal (left) and lg-,lg seedlings grown under greenhouse
conditions............................ 5>2
U. Normal and lg^,lgq plants at the time of anthesis of the
normal plant ............................... 5>3
5>. Illustration of the effect of chiasmata in interstitial
segments on recombination in the segments .......... $9
List of Appendix Tables
Table
X. Summary of linkage data involving interchange 272 crossed
to genetic testers............. 89
II. Summary of linkage data involving interchange 273 crossed
to genetic testers......... 90
III. Summary of linkage data involving interchange 298 crossed
to genetic..testers.... 91
IV. Summary of linkage data involving interchange 299 crossed
to genetic testers ...... 92
V» Summary of linkage data involving interchange 300 crossed
to genetic testers..................... 93
vii