The Analysis and Classification of Tooth Contacts in Non-extraction Orthodontic Angle Class I

127 Pages·2016·5.32 MB·English

by  Charles Frederick Bohl

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Dissertations Theses and Dissertations
1976
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Charles Frederick Bohl
Loyola University Chicago
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Bohl, Charles Frederick, "The Analysis and Classification of Tooth Contacts in Non-extraction Orthodontic
Angle Class I Occlusions" (1976). Dissertations. 1600.
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Copyright © 1976 Charles Frederick Bohl
THE ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF TOOTH CONTACTS
IN NON-EXTRACTION ORTHODONTIC
ANGLE CLASS I OCCLUSIONS
BY
Charles F. Bohl
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School
of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Science
June
1976
U:·~:.\
'LOYOLA Ul\ffVFi~SifY f,;':~'::/'
DEDICATION
In loving memory of my father
Ralph 0. Bohl
For the years of support and encouragement
.., ,,,..
- - --:JI
and mother
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to express his appreciation and offer
special recognition to Dr. William Malone, thesis director, for his
guidance throughout this investigation. Thanks is also offered to
Dr. Robert Thomas and Dr. Douglas Bowman for serving as members of
the thesis committee.
Special thanks is expressed to Dr. William Petty for permitting
us to examine patients and records in his office. The assistance of
Mr. John Cheng in the computer compilation of the data and Mrs. Bobbi
Schaff in typing this manuscript was invaluable.
I also express deep gratitude to my co-investigator, Dr. Gerald
Tarsitano, for his persistance and dedication to this project and his
companionship throughout our graduate training.
I also thank my mother for her encouragement and tolerance of
my lengthy education, This education was possible only with her per
sonal sacrifice.
Finally, I thank my wife, Tommie, and family for their under
standing and personal sacrifice.
iii
VITA
The author, Charles Fredrick Bohl, was born March 14, 1946, in
Appleton, Wisconsin.
His elementary and secondary education was obtained in the
public schools of Appleton, Wisconsin. He graduated from Appleton High
School in 1964.
In September, 1964, he entered Valparaiso University, Valparaiso,
Indiana. The degree of Bachelor of Arts was awarded in August of 1968,
with a major in chemistry and minor in biology.
In September, 1967, he entered the freshman class of Marquette
University Dental School. He graduated in May, 1971, with the degree
of Doctor of Dental Surgery. His efforts were recognized by election
to Omicron Kappa Upsilon Honorary Dental Fraternity, and by awards from
the International College of Dentists and the Wisconsin Society of
Dentistry for Children.
In June, 1971, he entered the Fixed Prosthodontic graduate pro
gram at Marquette University, he joined the faculty of Marquette Uni
versity Dental School, and he entered private practice. The graduate
program at Marquette culminated with a Master of Science degree in
Fixed Prosthodontics and a Certificate of Specialty in Fixed Prostho
dontics in 1974.
In July, 1974, he entered Loyola University and began the pursuit
iv
of a Master of Science degree in Oral Biology and Certificate of Spe
cialty in Orthodontics.
His publications include "Evaluating Occlusal Relationships,
Mandibular Dysfunction, and Temporomandibular Joint Pain by Palpation,"
in the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, July, 1974.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
DEDICATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
. . . .
VITA iv
. . . . . . .
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES xi
CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX xii
Chapter
. . . . .
I. INTRODUCTION • • • 1
. . . .
II. LITERATURE REVIEW 3
/!.,. History ..
B. Theories of Occlusion - Balanced 4
C. Theories of Occlusion - Cuspid
Protection • • • • 8
D. Theories of Occlusion - Group . . . . . . . . . .
Function • • • • • 12
E. Theories of Occlusion - Individualized
Occlusal Scheme - Cuspid Rise or
Group Function • 17
. . . . .
F. Studies ••••••• 20
G. Occlusal Schemes - The Orthodontic
Viewpoint 30
H. Results from Study of 100 Non
. . .
orthodontic Occlusions ' 32
. . . . . .
III. METHODS AND MATERIALS 35
vi
IV. RESULTS 51
. . . .
v.
DISCUSSION • 71
A. Analysis of Centric Occlusion Contacts
from the Dynamic Analysis Data • • 71
B. Analysis of Protrusive Contacts from
the Dynamic Analysis Data 72
C. Analysis of Working Contacts from the
Dynamic Analysis Data , • • • • • • • 73
D. Analysis of Balancing Contacts from
the Dynamic Analysis Data 74
E. Analysis of Working Contact Class- .
.
ification • • • • 76
. . . . .
F. Review of Static Analysis Data 78
G. Analysis of Balancing Side Contact
Related to Contralateral Cusp . . . . .
Over-~usp Static Posltluu~ • • 78
H. Analysis of Intercepts in the Retruded
Contact Position and Relation to
Slide from Retruded Contact Position
to Centric Occlusion . . • • • • • 78
I. Analysis of Balancing Contact, Faceting
and Intercept • • • • • • • • • • • • 79
J. Analysis of Teeth with No Contact in
Centric Occlusion, but Some Other
Eccentric Contact - from the
Dynamic Analysis Data • • • • 80
K. Analysis of Teeth With Multiple . . . . . . .
Eccentric Contacts • 80
L. Analysis of Relationships of Pain,
Noise, and Clench or Grind 81
. . . .
M. Analysis of Skeletal Types 81
N. Analysis of Chi Square Statistical
Evaluation • • • • • • • • • • 81
vii
O. Comparison of this Study with Observa . . .
tions of Other Investigators • 82
P. Clinical Implications of this Study 83
Q. Future of this Study 85
. . . .
SUMMARY • • • • 87
. . . . . .
REFERENCES 89
. . . . . . . .
APPENDIX 96
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
lA. Total Number of Contacts for Each Tooth in the
Maxillary Arch from the Dynamic Analysis Data-
30 Orthodontic Subjects •.••.•• 52
lB, Total Number of Contacts for Each Tooth in the
Mandibular Arch from the Dynamic Analysis Data-
30 Orthodontic Subjects •••.•••••• 53
2A. Working Contacts - Frequency of Various Quadrant
Combinations in the Maxillary Arch - 30
Orthodontic Subjects •.••.•••••••.• 54
2B. Working Contacts - Frequency of Various Quadrant
Combinations in the Mandibular Arch - 30
Orthodontic Subjects ..•.•.••.•.••• 55
3. Working Contacts - Classification
30 •••.•
Ort~odc~ti~ Sucjz~t~
4. Static Analysis Data - 30 Orthodontic Subjects • 57
5. Relations of Subjects with Dynamic Balancing
Side Contact to Contralateral Cusp-Over-Cusp
Static Positions - 30 Orthodontic Subjects . 59
6A. Frequency of Intercepts and Relation to Slide
Direction - Maxillary Arch - 30 Orthodontic
Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6B. Frequency of Intercepts and Relation to Slide
Direction - Mandibular Arch - 30 Orthodontic
Subjects .................. . 61
7. The Number of Subjects with Balancing Contact,
Faceting, Intercept in the Retruded Contact
Position and Various Slide Directions - 30
Orthodontic Subjects .••••••••• 62
8A. Teeth with No Centric Occlusion Contact, but
Some Other Eccentric Contact - from Dynamic
Analysis Data - Maxillary Arch - 30 Orthodontic
Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
ix