The Allied Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920: The Diplomacy of Chaos PDF
Preview The Allied Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920: The Diplomacy of Chaos
The Allied Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920 This page intentionally left blank The Allied Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920 The Diplomacy of Chaos Ian C. D. Moffat Independent Scholar, Canada © Ian Campbell Douglas Moffat 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-43571-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-49324-1 ISBN 978-1-137-43573-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137435736 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moffat, Ian C. D., 1951– The allied intervention in Russia, 1918–1920 : the diplomacy of chaos / Ian C. D. Moffat, Independent Scholar, Canada. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Soviet Union—History—Allied intervention, 1918–1920. I. Title. DK265.4.M64 2015 9 47.084'1—dc23 2014050099 Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. For my wife, Margaret, without whose support this work would never have been completed This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Plates viii List of Maps ix Acknowledgements x List of Abbreviations xii 1 Introduction 1 2 Year of Crisis, 1917 11 3 Stalled Intervention – North, South, East and West 36 4 US–Japanese Rivalry in Siberia 47 5 The Allies Act – Murmansk and Archangel 68 6 Too Few, Too Late – The Caucasus, the North and Siberia, Summer 1918 83 7 Disaster for the Misunderstood – Anti-Bolshevik Support in North Russia, August–November 1918 102 8 Friends or Enemies Together? Allies in Siberia, Summer 1918 129 9 Dying in Russia While Others Debate, October 1918–January 1919 145 10 Vision versus Reality: The Paris Peace Conference and Russia, January–February 1919 165 11 Retreat, Abandonment and Bolshevik Victory, February–April 1919 186 12 Allied Evacuation and White Victories, March–June 1919 205 13 Allied Retreat and White Defeat, May–October 1919 229 14 Red Triumph and White Humiliation, July 1919–November 1920 251 15 Conclusion 265 Appendix. People Involved in Allied Intervention into Russia, 1918–1920 276 Bibliography 288 Index 295 vii List of Plates 1 HMS Kent in Vladivostok Harbour 1918 124 2 Major Harold Lewis (Canadian Medical Corps), Sgt Llewellyn Lewis (Canadian Army), Lt Raymond Massey (Canadian Army) at Vladivostok 1919 124 3 Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada 1911–20 and Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty London 1912 125 4 68th Battery Canadian Field Artillery 126 5 Major General and Mrs Elmsley 127 6 Col Leckie (4th from Left) with Canadian Officers North Russia (Murman) 1919 127 7 Galacian Czechs going to France to join the French Army: arrival at Vladivostok 128 viii List of Maps 1 Dunsterville’s area of operations 43 2 Eastern Siberia and Manchuria 1919 96 3 North Russia 115 4 European Russia 1919 117 5 Central Asia – The Urals 179 6 River Dvina, Archangel to Kotlas 210 7 South Russia and Ukraine 216 8 Baltic Region and the Yudenitch Offensive 221 9 Siberia 1919 257 ix
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