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The age of Confucian rule : the Song transformation of China PDF

367 Pages·2014·14.87 MB·English
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D I E r.iy~*’.-,. ' ■ - _ -5E . jjo. - > Vi T v ' • E • i •-- 7 [ fl wi **».... ...-< i .?e^i r HISTORY OF IMPERIAL CHINA Timothy Brook, General Editor 1 THE AGE OF C O N F U C I A N R U L E THE SONG TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA Dieter Kuhn THE BELKNAP PRESS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2.009 Copyright © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kuhn, Dieter, 1946- The age of Confucian rule: the Song transformation of China / Dieter Kuhn, p. cm.—(History of Imperial China) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-674-03146-3 (hardcover) 1. China—History—Song dynasty, 960-1279. 2. China—Intellectual life—221 B.C.-960 a.d. 3. Confucianism and state—China. I. Title. DS748.55.K84 2009 951'.024—dc22 2008006910 CONTENTS Introduction i I A Time of Turmoil IO 2 Model Rulers 29 3 Reforming into Collapse 49 4 The Song in the South 7i 5 Three Doctrines 99 6 Education and Examination 120 7 Life Cycle Rituals 138 8 Exploring the World Within and Without 160 9 Transforming the Capitals H00\1 IO A Changing World of Production 213 ii Money and Taxes 233 12 Private Lives in the Public Sphere 251: Conclusion 276 Dynastic Rulers 283 Measures 286 Pronunciation Guide 287 Notes 289 Bibliography 3I 3 Acknowledgments 34i Index 343 MAPS 1. Landscape of Contemporary China 6 2. Provinces of Contemporary China 7 3. The Later Liang Empire and Its Neighbors 21 4. Provinces of the Northern Song Dynasty 60 5. Kaifeng and Its River Connections 73 6. Southern Song and Jin Dynasties 79 7. Tang Capital Chang’an 188 8. Northern Song Capital Kaifeng 193 9. Southern Song Capital Hangzhou 206 xo. Road and Canal Network of the Northern Song 225 FIGURES 1. Emperor Taizu Visits His Advisor on a Snowy Winter Night 3 5 2. The Liao Pavilion of Guanyin in Jixian 116 3. The Coffin of Madame Sun Siniangzi 154 4. The Tomb of the Princess of Chen and Her Husband 158 5. A Solitary Temple amidst Clearing Peaks 170 6. Sketches of Precious Creatures 172 7. Emperor Huizong’s Cranes of Good Omen 174 8. Han Xizai’s Night Revelry 175 9. Travelers along the River in Early Snow 176 10. Ceiling Painting in a Liao Dynasty Tomb 178 11. Tomb Mural of Mr. Zhao and His Wife 180 12. Tomb Mural of Women Softening Silk Fabrics 181 13. Water-Power-Driven Astronomical Clockwork 185 14. Kaifeng City Gate, Street Life, and Wine Restaurant 198 15. Bulky Transport Barge on the Bian River 201 16. The Northern Silk-Reeling Frame 221 17. Water-Powered Bast-Fiber Thread-Twisting Frame 222 18. Water Mill 223 19. Relief Plate for Printing Paper Money 235 20. Madame Zhou Doing Her Morning Toilet 258 21. Portrait of Empress Liu 259 22. Translucent Sleeveless Vest with Peonies, in Leno Weave 266 23. Loom for Weaving Leno Fabrics 267 THE AGE OF CONFUCIAN RULE The Song Transformation of China

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