The age of Confucian rule : the Song transformation of China

367 Pages·2014·14.87 MB·English

by  Dieter Kuhn

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HISTORY OF IMPERIAL CHINA
Timothy Brook, General Editor
1
THE AGE OF
C O N F U C I A N
R U L E
THE SONG TRANSFORMATION
OF CHINA
Dieter Kuhn
THE BELKNAP PRESS OF
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
2.009
Copyright © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kuhn, Dieter, 1946-
The age of Confucian rule: the Song transformation of China / Dieter Kuhn,
p. cm.—(History of Imperial China)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-674-03146-3 (hardcover)
1. China—History—Song dynasty, 960-1279.
2. China—Intellectual life—221 B.C.-960 a.d.
3. Confucianism and state—China. I. Title.
DS748.55.K84 2009
951'.024—dc22 2008006910
CONTENTS
Introduction i
I A Time of Turmoil IO
2 Model Rulers 29
3 Reforming into Collapse 49
4 The Song in the South 7i
5 Three Doctrines 99
6 Education and Examination 120
7 Life Cycle Rituals 138
8 Exploring the World Within and Without 160
9 Transforming the Capitals H00\1
IO A Changing World of Production 213
ii Money and Taxes 233
12 Private Lives in the Public Sphere 251:
Conclusion 276
Dynastic Rulers 283
Measures 286
Pronunciation Guide 287
Notes 289
Bibliography 3I 3
Acknowledgments 34i
Index 343

MAPS
1. Landscape of Contemporary China 6
2. Provinces of Contemporary China 7
3. The Later Liang Empire and Its Neighbors 21
4. Provinces of the Northern Song Dynasty 60
5. Kaifeng and Its River Connections 73
6. Southern Song and Jin Dynasties 79
7. Tang Capital Chang’an 188
8. Northern Song Capital Kaifeng 193
9. Southern Song Capital Hangzhou 206
xo. Road and Canal Network of the Northern Song 225
FIGURES
1. Emperor Taizu Visits His Advisor on a Snowy Winter Night 3 5
2. The Liao Pavilion of Guanyin in Jixian 116
3. The Coffin of Madame Sun Siniangzi 154
4. The Tomb of the Princess of Chen and Her Husband 158
5. A Solitary Temple amidst Clearing Peaks 170
6. Sketches of Precious Creatures 172
7. Emperor Huizong’s Cranes of Good Omen 174
8. Han Xizai’s Night Revelry 175
9. Travelers along the River in Early Snow 176
10. Ceiling Painting in a Liao Dynasty Tomb 178
11. Tomb Mural of Mr. Zhao and His Wife 180
12. Tomb Mural of Women Softening Silk Fabrics 181
13. Water-Power-Driven Astronomical Clockwork 185
14. Kaifeng City Gate, Street Life, and Wine Restaurant 198
15. Bulky Transport Barge on the Bian River 201
16. The Northern Silk-Reeling Frame 221
17. Water-Powered Bast-Fiber Thread-Twisting Frame 222
18. Water Mill 223
19. Relief Plate for Printing Paper Money 235
20. Madame Zhou Doing Her Morning Toilet 258
21. Portrait of Empress Liu 259
22. Translucent Sleeveless Vest with Peonies, in Leno Weave 266
23. Loom for Weaving Leno Fabrics 267
THE AGE OF CONFUCIAN RULE
The Song Transformation of China