Textile mechanisms in spinning and weaving machines

384 Pages·2015·11.955 MB·English

by  Nagarajan, Ganapathy

Textile mechanisms in spinning
and weaving machines
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
Textile mechanisms in
spinning and weaving
machines
Ganapathy Nagarajan

WOODHEAD PUBLISHING INDIA PVT LTD
New Delhi
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
CRC Press Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
Taylor & Francis Group 303, Vardaan House, 7/28, Ansari Road
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© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
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Version Date: 20150518
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-93-80308-94-4 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface xi
Foreword xiii
1. Belt, rope and chain drives 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Selection of belt drive 1
1.3 Types of belt drives 2
1.4 Types of belts 2
1.5 Flat belt drives 3
1.6 Velocity ratio of belt drive 9
1.7 Power transmitted by a belt 18
1.8 Ratio of driving tensions for flat belt drive 22
1.9 Centrifugal tension 23
1.10 Initial tension in the belt 27
1.11 V-belt drive 30
1.12 Rope drive 34

1.13 Chain drives 38
2. Gear trains 42
2.1 Introduction 42
2.2 Nomenclature of gears 42
3. Rotary motion 72
3.1 Introduction 72
3.2 Linear displacement 72
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
vi Textile mechanisms in spinning and weaving machines
3.3 Angular displacement 72
3.4 Speed 73
3.5 Transmission of rotary movement in machines 73
3.6 Classification of gears 76
3.7 Gears in textile machines 78
4. Equations of movement 95
4.1 Acceleration 95
4.2 Retardation 95
5. Parallelogram of velocities 101
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Velocity 102
6. Force, mass and momentum 107
6.1 Introduction 107
6.2 Definitions and units 107
6.3 Units of force 108
6.4 Momentum in quantity of motion 108
7. Work and power 112
7.1 Introduction 112
7.2 Units of work (in SI units) 112

7.3 Graphical representation of work 113
7.4 Useful definitions 113
7.5 Work done by a varying force 115
8. Resolution of forces 120
8.1 Introduction 120
8.2 Lines of representation of forces 120
8.3 Law of Polygon of forces 122
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
Contents vii
8.4 Law of Triangle of Forces 123
8.5 Tension and compression 123
8.6 Graphical methods 124
8.7 Resolution and composition of a force 129
8.8 Resolution of a number of coplanar forces 130
9. Centre of gravity 143
9.1 Introduction 143
9.2 Centre of gravity of irregular bodies 143
9.3 Centre of gravity of levers 143
10. Principle of moments 146
10.1 Moment of force 146
10.2 Geometrical representation of moments 146
10.3 Types of moments 147
10.4 Clockwise moments 147
10.5 Anti-clockwise moments 147
10.6 Varignon’s Principle of Moments or Law of Moments 147
10.7 Moments on bent lever 155
10.8 Moments of bent lever in weighting arrangement 155
10.9 Bent lever in weighting of single yarns 157
10.10 Bent lever on Lea strength tester 157
11. Friction 174

11.1 Introduction 174
11.2 Types of friction 174
11.3 Limiting friction 175
11.4 Coefficient of friction (Fig. 11.2) 176
11.5 Laws of solid friction 177
11.6 Friction of shaft in its bearings 179
11.7 Friction clutches 180
11.8 Power transmission 183
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
viii Textile mechanisms in spinning and weaving machines
12. Coil friction 190
12.1 Introduction 190
12.2 Friction on curved surface 196
12.3 Coefficient of friction on solid surface 197
12.4 Transmission of power by belts and rope drives 198
12.5 Transmission of power by V-belts and rope drives 203
12.6 Brakes 204
13. Lifting machines and velocity ratio 221
13.1 Introduction 221
13.2 Definitions 221
13.3 Velocity ratio 222
13.4 Velocity ratio on simple pulleys 224
13.5 Weston differential pulley block 229
13.6 Types of machines 231
13.7 Law of a machine 232
14. Stress, strain and elasticity 242
14.1 Stress 242
14.2 Energy 244
15. Momentum energy impulsive forces and impact 252
15.1 Momentum 252
15.2 Law of Conservation of Momentum 252
15.3 Collision of two bodies 253
15.4 Collision of inelastic bodies 254
15.5 Collision of elastic bodies 255
15.6 Coefficient of Restitution(e) 256
15.7 Impulse 257
15.8 Energy 257
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
Contents ix
15.9 Potential energy 258
15.10 Kinetic energy 258
15.11 Strain energy 258
15.12 Law of Conservation of Energy 258
16. Motion in a circle 273
16.1 Introduction 273
16.2 Centripetal force 273
16.3 Centrifugal force 274
16.4 Conical pendulum 274
16.5 Tension in rotating masses 276
17. Simple harmonic motion 285
17.1 Introduction 285
17.2 Definitions of few terms 285
17.3 Simple pendulum 291
17.4 Helical springs 292
18. Moments of inertia and kinetic energy of rotating bodies 298
18.1 Mass moment of inertia 298
18.2 Fundamental equation for a rotating body 299
18.3 Kinetic energy of a rotating body 300
18.4 Compound pendulum 304
18.5 Centre of percussion 305
19. Practical methods of finding moment of inertia 314
19.1 Introduction 314
19.2 Flywheel 314
19.3 Methods of finding Moment of Inertia of fly wheels 314
19.4 Bifilar suspension 317
19.5 Referring Moment of Inertia 324
© 2015 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.