Table Of Content

Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations Fourth Edition Abberviations in Biochemistry A (or Ade) adenine ACP acyl carrier protein ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone acyl coA acyl derivative of CoA ADH antidiuretic hormone AdoMet adenosylmethionine Ala alanine ALA aminolevulinic acid AMP adenosine monophosphate cAMP cyclic AMP Arg arginine Asn asparagine Asp aspartate ATP adenosine triphosphate ATPase adenosine triphosphatase BMR basal metabolic rate BPG D2,3 hisphosphoglycerate C (or Cyt) cytosine CDP cytidine diphosphate CMP cytidine monophosphate CTP cytidine triphosphate CoA or CoASH coenzyme A CoQ coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) cyclic AMP adenosine 3 ,5 cyclic monophosphate cyclic GMP xuanosine 3 ,5 cyclic monophosphate Cys cysteine d 2 deoxyriho DNA deoxyribonucleic acid cDNA complementary DNA dopa 3,4dihydroxyphenylalanine EcoR1 EcoR1 restriction endonuclease FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) FADH2 flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) fMet formylmethionine FMN flavin mononucleotide (oxidized form) FMNH2 flavin mononucleotide (reduced form) Fp flavoprotein G (or Gua) guanine GABA gaminobutyric acid Gal galactose Glc glucose Gln glutamine Glu glutamate Gly glycine GDP guanosine diphosphate GMP guanosine monophosphate GTP guanosine triphosphate GSH glutathione Hb hemoglobin HbCO carbon monoxide hemoglobin HbO2 oxyhemoglobin HDL high density lipoprotein HMG CoA bhydroxybmethylglutaryl CoA Hyp hydroxyproline IDL intermediate density lipoprotein IgG immunoglobulin G Ile isoleucine IP3 inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate ITP inosine triphosphate Km Michaelis–Menten constant kb kilo base pair LDL low density lipoprotein Leu leucine Lys lysine Mb myoglobin MbO2 oxymyoglobin Met methionine MetHb methemoglobin NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) NADP+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized form) NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) NANA Nacetylneuraminic acid PEP phosphoenolpyruvate Phe phenylalanine Pi inorganic orthophosphate PG prostaglandin PPi inorganic pyrophosphate Pro proline PRPP phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Q ubiquinone (CoQ) RNA ribonucleic acid mRNA messenger RNA rRNA ribosomal RNA tRNA transfer RNA RNase ribonuclease RQ respiratory quotient (CO2 production/O2 consumption) S Svedberg unit SAM Sadenosylmethionine Ser serine SH sulfhydryl T (or Thy) thymine TCA Tricarhoxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) TG triacylglycerol THF tetrahydrofolic acid Thr threonine TPP thiamine pyrophosphate Trp tryptophan TTP thymidine triphosphate Tyr tyrosine U (or Ura) uracil UDP uridine diphosphate UDPgalactose uridine diphosphate galactose UDPglucose uridine diphosphate glucose UMP uridine monophosphate UTP uridine triphosphate Val valine VLDL very low density lipoprotein Page iii Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations: Fourth Edition Edited by Thomas M. Devlin, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Department of Biochemistry MCP∙Hahnemann School of Medicine Allegheny University of the Health Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Page iv Address All Inquiries to the Publisher WileyLiss, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 101580012 Copyright © 1997 WileyLiss, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. This text is printed on acidfree paper. Under the conditions stated below the owner of copyright for this book hereby grants permission to users to make photocopy reproductions of any part or all of its contents for personal or internal organizational use, or for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition that the copier pay the stated percopy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Incorporated, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, as listed in the most current issue of "Permissions to Photocopy" (Publisher's Fee list, distributed by CCC, Inc.), for copying beyond that permitted by sections 107 or 108 of the US Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Cover Illustration: An artist's conception of the initiation of the DNA transcription mechanism catalyzed by RNA polymerase and involving protein transcription factors. Subject Editor: Stephanie Diment Design: Laura Ierardi Senior Managing Editor: John Sollami Marketing Managers: David Stier and David Steltenkamp Manufacturing Manager: Rick Mumma Illustration Coordinator: Barbara Kennedy Illustrations and Cover: Page Two This book was set in ITC Garamond Light by BiComp Incorporated, and was printed and bound by Von Hoffmann Press. Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Textbook of biochemistry: with clinical correlations/edited by Thomas M. Devlin — 4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0471154512 1. Biochemistry. 2. Clinical biochemistry. I. Devlin, Thomas M. [DNLM: 1. Biochemistry. QU 4 T355 1997] QP514.2.T4 1997 971078 612'.015—dc21 CIP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Page v To Katie, Matthew, Ryan, and Laura Page vii Contributors Stelios Aktipis, Ph.D. Professor Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University of Chicago 2160 S. First Avenue Maywood, IL 60153 Carol N. Angstadt, Ph.D. Professor Department of Biomedical Sciences, M.S.# 456 Allegheny University of the Health Sciences Broad and Vine Streets Philadelphia, PA 191021192 email: