TeX, XML, and Digital Typography: International Conference on TeX, XML, and Digital Typography, Held Jointly with the 25th Annual Meeting of the TeX Users Group, TUG 2004, Xanthi, Greece, August 30 - September 3, 2004. Proceedings

271 Pages·2004·5.284 MB·English

by  Christos K. K. Loverdos, Apostolos Syropoulos (auth.), Apostolos Syropoulos, Karl Berry, Yannis Haralambous, Baden Hughes, Steven Peter, John Plaice (eds.)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3130
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
UniversityofDortmund,Germany
MadhuSudan
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
NewYorkUniversity,NY,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
MosheY.Vardi
RiceUniversity,Houston,TX,USA
GerhardWeikum
Max-PlanckInstituteofComputerScience,Saarbruecken,Germany
Apostolos Syropoulos Karl Berry
Yannis Haralambous Baden Hughes
Steven Peter John Plaice (Eds.)
TeX, XML,
and Digital Typography
InternationalConferenceonTeX,XML,andDigitalTypography
Held Jointly with the 25thAnnual Meeting
of theTeX Users Group,TUG 2004
Xanthi, Greece,August 30 - September 3, 2004
Proceedings
1 3
VolumeEditors
ApostolosSyropoulos
GreekTeXFriendsGroup,366,28thOctoberStr,67100Xanthi,Greece
E-mail:[email protected]
KarlBerry
TeXUsersGroup,P.O.Box2311,Portland,OR97208-2311,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
YannisHaralambous
ENSTBretagne,DépartementInformatique,CS83818,29238Brest,France
E-mail:[email protected]
BadenHughes
UniversityofMelbourne
DepartmentofComputerScienceandSoftwareEngineering
111BarryStreet,CarltonVIC3053,Australia
E-mail:[email protected]
StevenPeter
BeechStavePressandTeXUsersGroup,310HanaRoad,Edison,NJ08817,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
JohnPlaice
UniversityofNewSouthWales,SchoolofComputerScienceandEngineering
UNSWSYDNEYNSW2052,Australia
E-mail:[email protected]
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2004095630
CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.7,H.5.4,G.4
ISSN0302-9743
ISBN3-540-22801-2SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,
initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable
toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia
springeronline.com
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2004
PrintedinGermany
Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyOlgunComputergrafik
Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:11306221 06/3142 543210
Preface
This volume contains the papers that were accepted for presentation at the In-
ternationalConferenceonTEX,XML,andDigitalTypography,jointlyheldwith
the 25thAnnualMeetingoftheTEXUsersGroupinXanthi,Greeceinthesum-
merof2004.Theterm“DigitalTypography”referstothepreparationofprinted
matter using only electronic computers and electronic printing devices, such as
laser-jetprinters.Thedocumentpreparationprocessinvolvesmainlytheuseofa
digital typesetting system as well as data representation technologies. TEX and
its offspring are beyond doubt the most successful current digital typesetters,
while XML is the standard for text-based data representationfor both business
and scientific activities.
Allpapersappearinginthisvolumewerefullyrefereedbythemembersofthe
program committee. The papers were carefully selected to reflect the research
work that is being done in the field of digital typography using TEX and/or its
offspring.
Theproblemsforwhichcomprehensivesolutionshavebeenproposedinclude
proper multilingual document preparation and XML document processing and
generation. The proposedsolutions deal not simply with typesetting issues, but
also related issues in document preparation, such as the manipulation of com-
plex bibliographic databases,and automatic conversionof text expressedin one
grammaticalsystemtoamorerecentone(asfortheGreeklanguage,converting
between monotonic Greek and polytonic Greek).
The conference is being graciously hosted by the Democritus University of
Thrace in Xanthi and by the Greek TEX Friends. We wish to thank Basil K.
PapadopoulosandGeorgiaPapadopoulouoftheDemocritusUniversityfortheir
generous help and support in the preparation of the conference. Also special
thanks go to Stratos Doumanis, GeorgiosMaridakis,andDimitrios Filippou for
theirinvaluablehelp.LastbutnotleastwethanktheManipulicityofXanthifor
their help and support.
Xanthi, Greece Apostolos Syropoulos
July 2004 Karl Berry
Yannis Haralambous
Baden Hughes
Steven Peter
John Plaice
VI Preface
Official Sponsors:
http://www.intersys.gr
Chikrii SoftLab GmbH has created these fine tools:
Table of Contents
Digital Typography in the New Millennium:
Flexible Documents by a Flexible Engine ............................. 1
Christos K.K. Loverdos and Apostolos Syropoulos
Moving Ω to an Object-Oriented Platform ............................ 17
John Plaice, Yannis Haralambous, Paul Swoboda, and G´abor Bella
Basque: A Case Study in Generalizing LATEX Language Support ......... 27
Jagoba Arias P´erez, Jesu´s La´zaro, and Juan M. Aguirregabiria
µoνo2πoλυ: Java-BasedConversionof Monotonic to Polytonic Greek ..... 34
Johannis Likos
Using LATEX to Typeset a Mar¯at.h¯ı-English Dictionary .................. 55
Manasi Athale and Rahul Athale
Hyphenation Patterns for Ancient and Modern Greek .................. 59
Dimitrios Filippou
Typesetting the Deseret Alphabet with LATEX and METAFONT .......... 68
Kenneth R. Beesley
FEATPOST and a Review of 3D METAPOST Packages.................. 112
Luis Nobre Gon¸calves
Interactive Editing of MathML Markup Using TEX Syntax .............. 125
Luca Padovani
Typesetting CJK Languages with Ω .................................. 139
Jin-Hwan Cho and Haruhiko Okumura
Dynamic Arabic Mathematical Fonts ................................. 149
Mustapha Eddahibi, Azzeddine Lazrek, and Khalid Sami
Arabic Mathematical e-Documents ................................... 158
Mustapha Eddahibi, Azzeddine Lazrek, and Khalid Sami
Migrating to XML: The Case of the GUST Bulletin Archive............. 169
Wl(cid:1)odzimierz Bzyl and Tomasz Przechlewski
Animations in pdfTEX-Generated PDF ............................... 179
Jan Holeˇcek and Petr Sojka
iTEXMac: An Integrated TEX Environment for Mac OS X............... 192
J´eroˆme Laurens
VIII Table of Contents
MlBibTEX: Beyond LATEX........................................... 203
Jean-Michel Hufflen
Managing TEX Resources with XML Topic Maps....................... 216
Tomasz Przechlewski
S¸¨aferTEX: Source Code Esthetics for Automated Typesetting ............ 229
Frank-Rene Schaefer
Creating Type 1 Fonts from METAFONT Sources....................... 240
Karel P´ıˇska
Beyond Glyphs, Advanced Typographic Features of Fonts............... 257
George Williams
Author Index.................................................... 265
Digital Typography in the New Millennium:
Flexible Documents by a Flexible Engine
Christos K.K. Loverdos1 and Apostolos Syropoulos2
1 Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Universityof Athens
TYPA Buildings, Panepistimiopolis
GR-157 84 Athens,Greece
[email protected]
http://www.di.uoa.gr/∼loverdos
2 Greek TEX FriendsGroup
366, 28th October Str.
GR-671 00 Xanthi,Greece
[email protected]
http://obelix.ee.duth.gr/∼apostolo
Abstract. The TEX family of electronic typesetters contains the pri-
marytypesettingtoolsforthepreparationofdemandingdocuments,and
havebeeninuseformanyyears.However,oureraischaracterized,among
others,byUnicode,XMLandtheintroductionofinteractivedocuments.
In addition, the Open Source movement, which is breaking new ground
in theareas of project support and development,enables masses of pro-
grammers towork simultaneously.Asadirect consequence,it isreason-
abletodemandtheincorporationofcertainfacilitiestoahighlymodular
implementationofaTEX-likesystem.Facilitiessuchastheabilitytoex-
tend the engine using common scripting languages (e.g., Perl, Python,
Ruby, etc.) will help in reaching a greater level of overall architectural
modularity.Obviously,inordertoachievesuchagoal,itismandatoryto
attract a greater programming audience and leverage the Open Source
programming community. We argue that the successful TEX-successor
should be built around a microkernel/exokernel architecture. Thus, ser-
vicessuchasclient-sidescripting,fontselectionanduse,outputroutines
andthedesignandimplementationofformatscanbeprogrammedasex-
tension modules. In orderto leverage thehugeamount of existing code,
and keep document source compatibility, the existing programming in-
terface is demonstrated to be just another service/module.
1 Introduction
The firststeps towardscomputertypesetting tookplace inthe 1950s,butitwas
not until Donald E. Knuth introduced TEX in 1978 [16] that true quality was
brought to software-based typesetting. The history of TEX is well-known and
the interested reader is referred to [16] for more details.
Today, the original TEX is a closed project in the sense that its creator has
decided to freeze its development. As a direct consequence no other programs
A.Syropoulosetal.(Eds.):TUG2004,LNCS3130,pp.1–16,2004.
(cid:1)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2004
2 Christos K.K.Loverdos and Apostolos Syropoulos
are allowed to be called TEX. In addition, the freely available source code of
the system was a major step on the road towards the formation of the Open
Source movement, which, in turn, borrowed ideas and practices from the Unix
world. Furthemore, the development of TEX and its companion system, META-
FONT, had made obvious the need for properly documented programs. This, in
turn, initiated Knuth’s creation of the literate programming program develop-
ment methodology. This methodology advances the idea that the programcode
and documentation should be intermixed and developed simultaneously.
Thesourcecode ofTEXandMETAFONT beingfreelyavailablehashadenor-
mous consequences. Anyone can not only inspect the source code, but also ex-
periment freely with it. Combined with TEX’s (primitive, we should note, but
quite effective for the time) ability to extend itself, this led to such success sto-
ries as LATEX and its enormous supporting codebase, in the form of packages.
As a direct consequence of the fact that the source code is frozen, stability was
brought forth. Note that this was exactly the intention Knuth had when devel-
opinghis systems.Acommonreferred-tocore,unchangedinthe passingoftime
and almost free of bugs, offered a “secure” environment to produce with and
even experiment with.
However,in aneverchangingworld,especially in the fast-pacedfield of com-
puterscience,almostanythingmusteventuallybesurpassed.Anditistheemerg-
ingneedsofeacherathatdictatepossiblefuturedirections.TEXhasundoubtedly
served its purpose well. Its Turing-completeness has been a most powerful as-
set/weaponinthebattlesforandofevolution.Yet,thedesiredabstractionlevel,
neededtocopewithincreasingcomplexity,hasnotbeenreached.Unfortunately,
with TEX being bound to a fixed core, it cannot be reached.
Furthermore, the now widely accepted user-unfriendliness of TEX as a lan-
guage poses another obstacle to TEX’s evolution. It has created the myth of
thosefew,veryspecialandquiteextraordinary“creatures”1abletodecryptand
produce code fragments such as the following2:
\def\s@vig{{\EO@m=\EO@n
\divide\EO@n by20 \relax
\ifnum\EO@n>0\s@vig\fi
\EO@k=\EO@n\relax
\multiply\EO@k by-20\relax
\advance\EO@m by \EO@k\relax
\global\advance\EO@l by \@ne
\expandafter\xdef\csname EO@d\@roman{\EO@l}\endcsname{%
\ifnum\EO@m=0\noexpand\noexpand\EOzero
\else\expandafter\noexpand
\expandafter\csname EO\@roman{\EO@m}\endcsname\fi}
\expandafter\@rightappend
\csname EO@d\@roman{\EO@l}\endcsname
\t@\epi@lmecDigits}}
Of course, to be fair, programmers in several languages (C and Perl among
others) are often accused of producing ununderstandable code and the well-
known obfuscated code contests just prove it. On the other hand, with the ad-
1 ThesecondauthormayberegardedasoneofGandalf’sfamuli,whilethefirstauthor
is just a Hobbit, wishing to havebeen an Elf.
2 Taken from thedocumentation of the epiolmec package by thesecond author.
Digital Typography in theNew Millennium 3
ventof quite sophisticatedassemblers,today one caneven write well-structured
assemblylanguage,adheringevento “advanced”techniques/paradigms,suchas
object-oriented programming. Naturally, this should not lead to the conclusion
that we should start writing in assembly (again)! In our opinion, software com-
plexity should be tackled with an emphasis on abstraction that will eventually
lead to increased productivity, as is shown in the following figure:
(cid:1) (cid:3) (cid:1) (cid:3) (cid:1) (cid:3)
require(cid:1)s increase(cid:1)s
Complexity Abstraction Productivity
(cid:2) (cid:4) (cid:2) (cid:4) (cid:2) (cid:4)
TEX’s programming language is more or less an “assembly language” for
electronic typesetting. It is true that higher level constructs can be made –
macros and macro packages built on top of that. But the essence remains the
same.AlthoughitistruethatTEXisessentiallybugfreeanditsmacroexpansion
facility behaves the way it is specified (i.e., as defined in [9]), it still remains a
factthatittakesanon-specialistquitesometime tofully understandthemacro
expansion rules in spite of Knuth’s initial intentions [12, page 6].
The fact that one should program in the language of his/her choice is just
another reason for moving away from a low-level language. And it is true that
we envision an environment where as many programmers as possible can – and
the most important, wish to – contribute. In the era of the Open Source revo-
lution, we would like to attract the Open Source community and not just a few
dedicated low-level developers. Open Source should also mean, in our opinion,
“open possibilities” to evolve the source. This is one of our major motivations
for reengineering the most successful typesetting engine.
RichardPalais,thefoundingchairmanofTUG,pointedoutbackin1992[12,
page 7] that when developing TEX, Knuth
...hadNSFgrant support that not onlyprovided himwith the timeand equip-
ment he needed, but also supported a team of devoted and brilliant graduate
students who did an enormous amount of work helping design and write the
large quantity of ancillary software needed to make the TEX system work ...
and immediately after this, he poses the fundamental question:
Where willtheresources come fromforwhat willhave tobe atleast anequally
massive effort? And will the provider of those resources be willing, at the end
of the project, to put the fruits of all his effort in the Public Domain?
The answer seems obvious now. The way has been paved by the GNU/Linux/-
BSD revolutionarydevelopmentmodel, as has been explained crystalclearly in
The Cathedral and the Bazaar [15].
This paper is an attempt to define a service-oriented architecture for a fu-
ture typesetting engine, which will be capable of modular evolution. We take a
layeredapproachofdesigningsomecorefunctionalityandthendefineextensible
services on top of the core. The engine is not restricted to a specific program-
ming language either for its basic/bootstrapping implementation or, even more