Table Of Content

TetDuinl i A grammoafar n EasTti morleasneg uage Hajek, J., Van Klinken, C.W. and Nordlinger, R. Tetun Dili: A grammar of an East Timorese language. PL-528, xiv + 132 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2002. DOI:10.15144/PL-528.cover ©2002 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Alsoi nP acifLiicn guistics CathavraiKnn lai nk1e9n9,9A . g rammoaftr h Fee hadni aloefTc ett uAnn:A ustronesian languoafWg esetT imor. ChraleEs.G rim(edes. 2)0,0 0S.pi cefrso mt hEea sPta:p esr inl anguaofgE eass tern Inodnesia. JohBnow de2n0,0 1Ta.b Dae:s pctriioofan S ouHtahl maahl earngu.a ge CatorniHay sl2o0p0,1T h.Le o lodvioallioef t chtNe o trha-sEAtm balea nguVaanguea,t u. FaWyo uakn Mda lcoRloms s (2e0d0.s1T )h,he i staonrytd py ologoyfw estAeurns tronesian voiscyes tems. PaciLfiincg uiissat piubcsls ihesrpc eilaisiinngg r ammaarnsdl iunigsdteiscic portnis, dicntairoianeodst hmeart aelrosinl naguaogfet shP eac iftihcPe,h l iippinIensd,o nEeassita , Timosro,u thaenasdso tuA tshi aan,Ad u stiraa.l PaciLfiincg uiessttiacbsli,in1 s 9h6te3hd r oaunig nhi iagtlr afnortmt hHeu ntDeoru glas Funids,a ssotcewidia tthh e eRaerSscchh ooofPl a ciafniAdcs iSatnu daitte hsAe u stirnaa l NatioUnnvaielr sTihteEy d.i toBroriadao lf PaLciinfgiucii ssmta iduceps o ft haec adce mi stfafo f stchhe'o Dsoel partomfLe inntg uiTshtei casua.tn hedod risto ofPr asc iLfiincg uistics publicaartdeir oanwfsnr oamw ied ranignes toift aurtoiutonhndwe so rlPdu.b licaartei ons referbeyse cdh roswl iatrhe leevxaprnetstie w,h oa rues ulaynl omte mbeorfts h e editorial board. The4 7p0u blicbaetfioPorunebcs la it5i0ow1ne rneum berienfd o usree rsi,B ,AC ,a nd D,b utth see rwieersme e rgferdo tmh bee ginonfti hnyege a2r0 0b0e catuhsreeta ionfaolre thehma gdr aadludlsiypa peared. FOUNDIENDGI OTR: StepAh.eW nur m EDITORIBAOALR D: MalcoDl.Rm o sJso,hB now deann Dda rlrTle.T ryon (ManaEgdiintgo rs), IW ayaAnr kAan,dr ePwa lwePya,uS liw dell ShortGerra mmar PacifiLci nguis5t2i8c s TetuDni li A grammaorf a n EasTti morelsaen guage CathariWnial liams-Kvlainn ken, JohnH ajek and RacheNlo rdlinger PacifLiicn guistics ResearScchh ooolfP acifaincdA siaSnt udies TheA ustralNiaatni onUanli versity ---------------------------------------------------, PublibsyPh aecdiL fiincg uistics ResrecaShc hooofPl a cifiAcs niSa atnudd ies ThAeu stirnaaN lational University CanbreaAr CT 0200 Austiraa l Copyr©i Tghhaetu otrhs Firpsultbi s2h0e0d2 NatioLnirabalro yfA usratilCaa talnogg-uiin-Puebnltircya:t ion Wililmas-nvK aliennCk,a tharina Lumien. TetDuinl Ai g:r ammoafar nE asTti morlenasgeu age Biblihoyg rap Inucdleisn dex ISB0N8 58580369 1.T etuml angua-Igned one-sTiiam oTri mu-rG rammar. 2.Te tumla ngua-gMeo rpholo3g.yT .e tulmn aguag-eP honology. 1N.o rdlinger, IRIaH.ac jheekJl,o. h ni.l Alu.s tralian NationUanli versRietsye.a rScchh ooolfP acifaincdA sian StudiPeasc.i fLiicn guiss.tI iVc.T itl(eP.a ciLfiincg uis5t2ic0s) . 499.225 Covdeers ibgyEn m liByr iesnsden Prinatnebddo ubndyU niOofnsf ePtr inFtyesrhsw,Ci acbnke,r ra Contents 1. Introduction 1 ................................................. ...................................................... 1.1L anguoavgeer v.i.e.w.. ............................................1... .............. ..... . . . . . . . .. ... . 1.2V ariaatnirdoe ng i.s.t.e.r. .....................................3.. ............................... . . . . . 1.3P ervioruesse oarnTc eht. u.n. .....................4.. ............................................ . . 1.4D ataan adp profaotcrhh si tsu .d.y. ..................5... ... .................................. . . 1.5L angusatgreue .c .tu.r.............................................. ...5... ................... . . . . . . .. . . . 1.6S atndasradti.i.on. ............................................6.. ......................................... 1.7O rthpohg.ry.a ...............................................................6.... ......... ........ . .. .. . . . . 2. Phonology 8 ........................................................................................................... 2.1C onson.a.n.t.s. ......................................................8.. ............................... . . . . . 21..1I ntroduction 8 2.1.S2t ops 9 2.1.F3rc iatives 9 2.1.O4t hceorn sonants 10 2.2V owe.l.s.. ..................................................1....1.... ............ .................... . .. . . . . 2.12 .Thbe asviocw els 11 2.2.D2i phthongs 12 2.2.N3a ssaaltiion 12 2.42 .Reducotfi ocno mpaonurdne uddpsl ications 12 2.3S traensvdso wleeln .gt.h. .................1..2.. .................................................. . 2.4P honot.a.c.t.i..c..s.. ...........................................1..3.. ........................... . . . . . . . . . 3. Wordc lasses 14 .................................................................................................... 31. Introd.u.c..t.i..o..n. ..................................................1...4.... ......................... . . 3.2N ominaanvlde rcbalslas e.s. ................1.4 .................................................. 3.3O thweorr cdls as.e.s .......................................1..5.. ...................................... v 4. Morphology 17 ...................................................................................................... 4.1O verv.i.e.w. ..............................................................1..7... .................... . . . . . . . 4.2A fxfaitianozdne rdoev rait.i.o.n ....................................1..7.. ..................... . 4.12 .Devriatfioromni tnrsainttiocv aeu savteirvbe 17 4.2.D2e rvia tfioromnn outnov erb 18 4.2.D3e rviatfioromnv erobra jdecttioav bes tnroaucnt 19 4.2.D4e tnrsaitidveirsiivnagt ion 19 4.2.D5e rivoaftai cotnnoo ru annsad jd ectives 20 4.21. -5d.6r 20 4.2.-5et.n2 20 4.2.n5a.i3n 21 4.3R edupli.c.a.t.i.o.n.. ................................................................2..1.. .......... . . . . . 4.13 .Iteration 21 4.3.C2o llectivity 21 4.3.D3e vriinagd vefrorbmsa jdcetives 22 4.4C ompou.n.d.s. ..........................................................2....2.... ....... .......... . .. . . . . 44..1I ntroduction 22 4.4.N2o mincaolm pounds 23 4.4.O3t her 24 5. Noupn harses 25 ................................................................................................... 51. Basinco un pshtrrausc.et. u.r.e.. ......................................25. ................... . . . . . 5.2P ornou.n..s.. .........................................................2...6... . ..................... . .. . . . . . 5.3D eterm.i..n...er..s.. .................................2.7.. .. ........................ . . .. . ... . .... . . . . . . . .. 5.13 .Introduction 27 5.3.D2e mosnt rvaetsi 27 5.33 .Itnerrvoegsa ti 29 53..4 id'ao nae', 30 53..5s iar' PLURAL'a nPdo trugupelrsuael s 30 5.3.Q6u aniteirfs 31 5.73 .Other 32 54. Posseasnsadis vseo ccioantsitvre.u .ct.i..o..n..s... ......................3...3... ....... . . 54..1O verview 33 54..2O rdoefrp osseasnspdoo rs sessum 34 54..3C ombtiinooafn t'wpoo ssessors' 35 54..4G enihteiavde- marking 36 5.5N oupnh raassme o diie.fr. ..........................................3....6.... ...... .............. . . 5.6A djectpihvrea. s.e.. ....................................3..6.. ........................................ . . VI 5.7N umerpahlr a.s.e. ...................................................3...7.. ......... .............. . . . . . . 5.17 .Numerals 37 5.7.N2u mercalslasi iefrs 39 5.8C omplemoefnn otus.n ..s.. ...................4.0. ............................................... . . . 6. Prepositions 41 ...................................................................................................... 6.1I ntrod.u.c.t.i.o.n ..................4.1. .................................................................... 6.2i h'LaO C'. ........................4.3. ....................................................................... 6.3b am,a 'i t(ol ocapteirosnfo,on(r )p ,se nor).'. ...........44. .............................. 6.4h os'rifo 'mt,6' uln.t'..i ...........................................4..5.. ....... ....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5h oh,o dLio,'r iiw t'.h ..........................................4..5.. ........................... . . . . . . . . 6.6T empoprraelsp ioti..o..n..s. ....................4..5.. ... ........................................ . . . 6.16 .Introduction 45 6.6.'2eb fo'r e 46 6.6.'3d urfionrg', 46 66..4 'fater' 46 6.6.'5rf oms,i n'c e 47 6.6.'6nu itl' 47 6.7O thpeerrp osi.t.i.o..n...s..... ..........................4.8. ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Basic clauses 51 ..................................................................................................... 71. Verbcalulas e.s. ...................................................5..1.. ......................... . . . . . . . . 71.1. Basicclu asoer der 51 7.1.S2ub ejcatn odjb cet 52 71..3O bjefcortn ting 53 71..4S ubejc-tobejc-tve(robjb cetic norptoiroan) 55 71..5E xsitenatnipdao ls sessive 55 71..6O thveerr bj-csetcu lbuases 56 71..7V ertbask aijdnegvc atclio mplements 57 7.2' oBdy-geoxoepdsr's i.o.n.s. .........................5..7.. ...................... ............... . . . 7.3O thneorvn e-rcbalulas e..s. ......................................6..0... ................... . . . . . . . . 74. Recip.r.o.c...a..l. ..............................................6..1.. ................................ . . . . . 7.5R eefxli.ve.s. .....................6.3. ...................................................................... 7.6I ntroegrat.i.ve..s.. ....................................................6..4.. ........................ . . . . . 7.16 .Informianettriroonvg eaastn itdh eainrs wers 64 7.6.P2ol raa nadl ternqauteisvteai notdnh sea inrs wers 67 7.7C ommanadnsid n itvati..o..n..s.. ...................6..9.. ... .............................. . . . . . . 7.8F oc(umsa .k.) ...............................................6..9. .................................... . . . . . 7.9P eprhiecraolnt sutei.n.t..s. .....................................7. 1.. ....................... . . . . . . .. . Vll 8. Clausmaoldi icfat.i.o.n. ...................................7.3 ........................................... . . . . 81. Introduc..tio.n.. ...... 73 ........ ........... . ...... . . . ...................................................... 8.2T ense-aspect . . 73 ....................................................... ........ ........................... 8.12 .Introduction 74 8.2.F2o counst hceo mpleevteendt 74 8.21. t2i.h'PaER EFCTIV'E 75 8.2.o2n.'aA2N TERIO'R 75 8.2.t2i.oh3an aPE R'FEC'T 76 82.2..4h ot'ubf eni ished' 77 8.2.f2oi.n'5 o njluysv te,rr yee cnyt'l 77 82..2l.a6'Fi IR STb, eofrdeo ing isnoegml esteh' 78 82..2k.e7d 'aIMsMED , ina dvnacei,me mdiyat'e l 79 8.2.F3o counst hmei dldec:o ntinuity 79 8.21. h3e.l'CaO NTINUO'U S 79 8.2.d3au.da2u 'kPR OGRSESVIE' 80 8.2.s3e.'it3s li 'lse,i d'anuyoket t ' 81 8.2.n3faa.t4i' nc ontinue' 82 82..4F uture 82 82.4..1s e'iF1J TURE' 82 82..4a.t2'uIR R EALIS' 83 8.3D eonmtoidca lity .. . .84 ........................... ................................ ................... ... 8.13 .Introduction 84 8.3.b2e l'ecn a,m ay' 84 8.3.l3a lik'an(enneo)dt ' 86 8.43 .ket'PaR OHIBIT'I VE 86 8.3.t5e n'kmiu st' 87 84. Negation 87 ................................................................................................... 8.5I nteinesrcisof,mr paavteis,u perla.tive 89 ...... ............................................... 8.6M annmeord iiefrs ... ..... .......... 91 ...................... . ................ . ..... . . . ... . ... ............ 9. Serivaelr absn dc ausactoinvset ru.c.t.i.o.n.s. ..........9.3. ................................... 91. Introdu.ction . . ... .. . 93 .... ......................................................... .. . ..... ................ 9.2M otoin-catisoenaril siati..o.n . .............. .. 94 . .. ............... . .... . . . ... . ................... 9.3M otoin-edcitrsieoirnas laition 94 ................................................................. 9.4I nstrumeinatltaiilso ans er . 95 .............................. .......................................... 9.5O thsehrra ed-su.b.j.e.c.t. ......................................9...7... ....................... ....... viii ----------------------------------, ----- --- 9.6C ausa.t..i.o..n.. ...............................................................9....7.... ... .......... . .. . . 9.16 .Introduction 97 9.6.h2a p-rieaxftion 97 9.6.C3o nstruwcitthihao l'noms a kdeo,' 98 9.6.C4a usautsiio6nn' g igfev' 99 9.6.R5e sultsaetrviievarelb s 100 10.C omplseexn tences 102 ........................................................................................ 10.I1n trod.u.c...t..i.o..n. ..........................................1..0...2... .............. .............. .. . 10.T2o pi.c.s. .........................................................................1....0...2... .......... .. . . 10.P3a rait.sa. x................................................................1...0...3... .................. ... . 10.P4h raasnacdll u ascaolo rdi.n.a..t.i...o.....n.... ..................1...0 ..3.. .......... . .. .. .. 10.4I.n1t roduction 103 10.4C.o2nu jnction 104 10.4D.i3js nuction 105 10.C5o mplecmleuanste. s. ............................................1....0...6 ................. . ..... . . 10.15 .Introduction 106 10.5.S2e ntential complements 106 10.5.R3e ducceodm plements 108 10.A6d vercbluiasa.els. .............................................1..1..0. ..................... .. .... .. . . 10.16 I.ntroduction 110 10.6T.e2m poral 110 10.6.R3e ason 111 10.6P.u4r pose 112 10.6C.o5n dition 113 10.6C.o6n cession 113 10.O7t hmeera nosfc onnecctluiasnegs. .........................1..1...4... ......... ...... .... ... 10.R8e lactliuavsee. s. ..............................................................1.1.5. ............ .. .. .. Texts 118 ......................................................................................................................... Tex1t:H itsorbye hisnedt tuipan nNg O O. .............................1... 1...8... ............ .. Tex2t:W hyp eopclree daittesu rba.n..c..e..s.. ..............................1...2. .0. ....... . . . .. Tex3t:O uers cafoprmet hmei li..t...i.a. ...............................1... 2..2.. ............ .... .. . Tex4t:A prersesp .o.r..t. ...........................................................1... .2....5.... ..... .. .. . Tex5t:A gosppeolr t.i..o.n ...........................................1.. .2...6.. ..................... ... . . Reefren.c.e.s. ..............................1.2.7. ........................................................................... Inde.x.. .................................1.3.0. ................................................................................. ix Lisotf t ables TableC o2n.s1o:n ants . 8 ................................................................................................ Tabl1e:P e5r.sopnroaonlu n.s. ....................2.6. ............................................................ Tab5l.e2N u merals 38 ................................................................................................... Tab5l3.e:N umercalslasi iefrs. ... . 40 ............... ............................................................... Tab6l.e:1 L ocatnioounn s . . ....4 2 .............................................................................. ..... Tab8l1.e: I nteines.ri.sf. ................................8..9.. .................................................... ..... x