Testosterone : action, deficiency, substitution PDF
Preview Testosterone : action, deficiency, substitution
F o u r t h E d i t i o n N Professor Eberhard Nieschlag Now in its fourth edition, testosterone: Action, deficiency, i is Emeritus and former Director e Substitution provides the most up-to-date and comprehen- as of the Centre for Reproductive nc sive source of information on testosterone and its role in dh Medicine and Andrology at the l Na University of Münster, Germany. human physiology and pathology. It covers biosynthesis and ig e, Testosterone mechanisms of action, and reviews their effects on brain and s b c Professor Hermann M. behre he behaviour, spermatogenesis, hair growth, bones, muscles, lh is Director of the Center for ar erythropoiesis, the cardiovascular system and the prostate. ge Reproductive Medicine and Andrology of the University The therapeutic uses of testosterone preparations are care- of Halle, Germany. fully evaluated as well as its abuse and detection in competi- T F Action | deficiency | Substitution tive sport. This new edition also devotes sections to explor- oe ing the effects of testosterone on female physiology and u s r sexual function, and the experimental use of testosterone in tt male hormonal contraception. H o EditEd by E testosterone: Action, deficiency, Substitution has been s d Eberhard Nieschlag written and edited by world experts in the fields of clinical it t e andrology and endocrinology, and provides a unique and i Hermann M. behre o r invaluable guide for andrologists, endocrinologists, urolo- N o Associate Editor gists, internists and those working in reproductive medicine. n Susan Nieschlag e other titles of interest: the Sperm Cell Edited by Christopher J. De Jonge and Christopher Barratt (ISBN 9780521184175) Fertility Preservation in Male Cancer Patients Edited by John P. Mulhall in association with Linda D. Applegarth, Robert D. Oates and Peter N. Schlegel (ISBN 9781107012127) in-Vitro Fertilization Kay Elder and Brian Dale (ISBN 9780521730723) CoVEr dESiGN: SuE WAtSoN NIESCHLAG: TESTOSTERONE PPC CMYBLK Testosterone Action, Deficiency, Substitution Fourth Edition Testosterone Action, Deficiency, Substitution Fourth Edition Edited by Eberhard Nieschlag EmeritusProfessorandformerDirector,CenterforReproductiveMedicineandAndrology,UniversityofMünster,Germany Hermann M. Behre Director,CenterforReproductiveMedicineandAndrologyoftheUniversity,Halle,Germany Associate Editor Susan Nieschlag CenterforReproductiveMedicineandAndrology,UniversityofMünster,Germany CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,SãoPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica byCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107012905 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2004,2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Thirdeditionpublished2004 Fourtheditionpublished2012 PrintedandiBoundiintheUnitedKingdombyitheMPGiBooksiGroup AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Testosterone:action,deficiency,substitution/editedby EberhardNieschlag,HermannM.Behre;associateeditor, SusanNieschlag.–4thed. p.; cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-01290-5(Hardback) I. Nieschlag,E. II. Behre,H.M.(HermannM.),1961– III. Nieschlag,S.(Susan) [DNLM: 1. Testosterone–therapeuticuse. 2. Testosterone–physi- ology. WJ875] 615.3066–dc23 2011049739 ISBN978-1-107-01290-5Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurate andup-to-dateinformationwhichisinaccordwithacceptedstandards andpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesare drawnfromactualcases,everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisethe identitiesoftheindividualsinvolved.Nevertheless,theauthors,editors, andpublisherscanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontained hereinistotallyfreefromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsare constantlychangingthroughresearchandregulation.Theauthors, editors,andpublishersthereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirector consequentialdamagesresultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedin thisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycarefulattentionto informationprovidedbythemanufacturerofanydrugsorequipment thattheyplantouse. Contents List of contributors vii Preface xi 11 Testosterone,obesity, diabetes and the 1 The medical and cultural history of metabolicsyndrome 235 testosterone and the testes 1 T.HughJones and Kevin S.Channer EberhardNieschlag and Susan Nieschlag 12 Testosterone and erection 251 2 Testosterone:biosynthesis,transport, MarioMaggi andHermann M. Behre metabolism and (non-genomic)actions 15 C.Marc Luetjens andGerhard F.Weinbauer 13 Testosterone and the prostate 268 John T.Isaacs andSamuelR.Denmeade 3 Pathophysiology of the androgen receptor 33 14 Clinicaluse of testosterone in hypogonadism Olaf Hiort,Ralf Werner, andMichael Zitzmann and other conditions 292 EberhardNieschlag and Hermann M. Behre 4 Methodology for measuring testosterone, dihydrotestosteroneand sex hormone- 15 Testosterone preparations for clinical use bindingglobulin in aclinical setting 60 in males 309 Manuela Simoni,Flaminia Fanelli, Laura Roli, HermannM. Behre and EberhardNieschlag and Uberto Pagotto 16 Androgens in male senescence 336 5 The behavioral correlatesof testosterone 87 Jean-Marc Kaufman,GuyT’Sjoen, and John Bancroft Alex Vermeulen 6 The role of testosterone in 17 Androgentherapyinnon-gonadaldisease 372 spermatogenesis 123 David J. Handelsman Liza O’Donnell and Robert I. McLachlan 18 Review of guidelines on diagnosisand 7 Androgens and hair:a biologicalparadox treatment of testosterone deficiency 408 with clinical consequences 154 Ronald S.Swerdloff and ChristinaC. L. Wang Valerie Anne Randall 19 Pathophysiologyofestrogenactionin 8 Testosterone and bone 177 men 421 Dirk Vanderschueren, Mieke Sinnesael, Vincenzo Rochira,Daniele Santi, and Evelien Gielen,Frank Claessens,and Cesare Carani Steven Boonen 20 Dehydroepiandrosteroneand 9 Androgeneffectsontheskeletalmuscle 191 androstenedione 437 ShalenderBhasin, Ravi Jasuja,Carlo Serra, BrunoAllolio,WiebkeArlt,andStefanieHahner Rajan Singh,Thomas W. Storer, Wen Guo, 21 The state-of-the-artin the development of ThomasG. Travison, and ShezadBasaria selectiveandrogenreceptormodulators 459 10 Testosteroneandcardiovasculardisease 207 Ravi Jasuja, Mikhail N.Zacharov,and Kevin S.Channerand T.Hugh Jones ShalenderBhasin v Contents 22 Theessentialroleoftestosteroneinhormonal 25 Sequelae ofdoping with anabolic male contraception 470 steroids 535 Eberhard Nieschlag andHermann M. Behre Elena Vorona and EberhardNieschlag 23 Testosterone use in women 494 Susan R.Davis 24 Detection of illegal use ofandrogens and Index 547 selectiveandrogenreceptormodulators 517 Color plate section between pages 244 and245 Wilhelm Schänzer and MarioThevis vi Contributors Bruno Allolio Frank Claessens Department of Medicine I, University of Würzburg, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Würzburg, Germany Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium WiebkeArlt Division of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology Susan R. Davis and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Women’sHealthResearchProgram,SchoolofPublic Birmingham, UK Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash John Bancroft University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, SamuelR. Denmeade and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology, Baltimore, MD, USA ShezadBasaria FlaminiaFanelli Boston University School of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA EvelienGielen Hermann M. Behre Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, of the University, Halle, Germany Leuven, Belgium Shalender Bhasin Wen Guo Boston University School of Medicine, Section Boston University School of Medicine, of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Steven Boonen Stefanie Hahner Gerontology and Geriatrics Section, Department of Department of Medicine I, University of Würzburg, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Würzburg, Germany Leuven, Belgium David J. Handelsman Cesare Carani ANZAC Research Institute and Department of Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Andrology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Sydney, NSW, Australia Modena, Italy Olaf Hiort Kevin S.Channer Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Sheffield Hallam University and Royal Hallamshire Diabetology, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Hospital, Sheffield, UK University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany vii Listofcontributors John T. Isaacs Vincenzo Rochira The Johns Hopkins University, Oncology Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Baltimore, MD, USA Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy RaviJasuja Boston University School of Medicine, Laura Roli Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Pathology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy T.HughJones Daniele Santi Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Department of Biomedical, Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Trust, Barnsley, and Department of Human University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK Modena, Italy Jean-MarcKaufman Wilhelm Schänzer Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Institute of Biochemistry, Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Center for Preventive Doping Research, C.MarcLuetjens German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany Division of Research and Safety Assessment, Covance Laboratories GmbH, Münster, Germany CarloSerra Mario Maggi Boston University School of Medicine, Unità di Andrologia, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Clinica, Florence, Italy Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Robert I. McLachlan Manuela Simoni Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Clayton, Victoria, Australia Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Eberhard Nieschlag Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Rajan Singh University of Münster, Münster, Germany Boston University School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Susan Nieschlag Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Mieke Sinnesael LizaO’Donnell Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Section, Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Clayton, Victoria, Australia Uberto Pagotto Thomas W.Storer Endocrinology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Boston University School of Medicine, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Bologna, Italy Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Valerie Anne Randall Ronald S. Swerdloff Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA viii Listofcontributors Mario Thevis Elena Vorona Institute of Biochemistry, University Clinics of Münster, Clinic for Center for Preventive Doping Research, Transplantation Medicine, Münster, Germany German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Christina C. L.Wang Germany UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Thomas G. Travison Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Boston University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gerhard F.Weinbauer Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Covance Laboratories GmbH, Münster, Germany Boston, MA, USA Ralf Werner Guy T’Sjoen Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Department of Paediatrics, University of Lübeck, Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Lübeck, Germany Dirk Vanderschueren Mikhail N.Zacharov Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Alex Vermeulen MichaelZitzmann Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Hospital, Ghent, Belgium University of Münster, Münster, Germany ix
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