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Linguistische Arbeiten 338 Herausgegeben von Hans Altmann, Peter Blumenthal, Herbert E. Brekle, Gerhard Heibig, Hans Jürgen Heringer, Heinz Vater und Richard Wiese Tense Systems in European Languages II Edited by Rolf Thierof f Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen 1995 Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Tense systems in European languages / ed. by Rolf Thieroff.- Tübingen : Niemeyer [Vol. 1.] ed. by Rolf Thieroff and Joachim Ballweg. - Literaturangaben. - Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl. NE: Thieroff, Rolf [Hrsg.] Vol. 2 (1995) (Linguistische Arbeiten ; 338) NE:GT ISBN 3-484-30338-7 ISSN 0344-6727 © Max Niemeyer Verlag GmbH & Co.KG, Tübingen 1995 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikro- verfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Printed in Germany. Druck: Weihert-Druck GmbH, Darmstadt Einband: Hugo Nadele, Nehren Contents Preface vii List of Abbreviations viii 0. INTRODUCTION Rolf Thier off More on Inherent Verb Categories in European Languages 1 1. GERMANIC LANGUAGES Maria Bonner Zum Tempussystem des Isländischen 37 Osten Dahl The Tense System of Swedish 59 2. ROMANCE LANGUAGES Hans Fetter Heiland A Compositional Analysis of the French Tense System 69 Fatima Oliveira & Ana Lopes Tense and Aspect in Portuguese 95 Mario Squartini Tense and Aspect in Italian 117 Martin Haase Tense, Aspect and Mood in Romanian 135 3. SLAVIC LANGUAGES Heinz Vater The Tense System of Polish 153 Ronald Lötzsch Das sorbische Tempussystem 167 Jadranka Gvozdanovic Western South Slavic Tenses in a Typological Perspective 181 Tania Kuteva Bulgarian Tenses 195 vi Contents 4. OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES Nijolt Slizient The Tense System of Lithuanian 215 Eva Hedin The Tense Aspect System of Modern Greek 233 Jean-Louis Ducket The Albanian Tense System 253 Natalia Kozintseva The Tense System of Modern Eastern Armenian 277 5. NON-INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES Helle Metslang & Hannu Tommola Zum Tempussystem des Estnischen 299 Ray Fabri The Tense and Aspect System of Maltese 327 List of Contributors .....345 Preface In the preface of Tense Systems in European Languages (R. Thieroff & J. Ballweg, eds., 1994), a second volume with more contributions on tense systems of European languages, especially those languages underrepresented in the first volume, was announced. More quickly than I expected, this second volume could be completed, and I am glad to be able to present 16 more contributions on tense systems in European languages, thus giving a more representative picture of the tense systems found in Europe than could give the relatively small selection of languages described in the first volume. As in the first volume, the reader will find descriptions of tense (and aspect) systems of Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages; in addition, this volume includes descriptions of further Indo-European languages and of two more non-Indo-European languages of Europe. The two volumes now present descriptions of the tense systems of 31 European languages: eight Germanic languages - Danish, Norwegian, English, Dutch, German, and Yiddish (vol. I), Icelandic and Swedish (this volume); five Romance languages - Spanish (vol. I), Italian, Portuguese, and Rumanian (vol. II), French (both volumes); six Slavic languages - Russian (vol. I), Polish, Sorbian, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian (vol. )Π ; five other Indo-European languages of Europe - Irish (vol. I), Lithuanian, Modern Greek, Albanian and Armenian (vol. II); and seven non-Indo-European languages of Europe - Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, Lezgian and Basque (vol. I), Estonian and Maltese (vol. )Π . Whereas French is represented in both volumes (in the first volume, only the French past tenses are described, in this volume, the entire tense system of French is analyzed), a few major European languages are still missing, as e.g. Catalan, Czech and Slovak, Ukrainian and Belorussian (unfortunately, the paper announced on these languages has not been written), Latvian. Certainly, it would be no problem to find enough European languages for a third volume, even if the Caucasus is disregarded. Indeed I have been asked by many linguists to edit a third (and final) volume, containing contributions on the tense systems of these and other languages. However, editing a reader is a very time consuming task, and at the present moment I am not able to promise that such a third volume will follow. Whereas the first volume originated from a workshop on "Tense systems in different languages" (see preface to Tense Systems in European Languages), the present volume con- sists of contributions especially written for this book. As a result, these contributions are more consistent than those of volume I (cf. Bernard Connie's review of Tense Systems in European Languages [Linguistics 30, 1994, 298-299], where he mentions the "contrast between more empirical and more theoretical contributions"). With the exception of the papers on the French, Italian, and Portuguese tense systems, all examples are provided with intermorphemic glosses. With very few exceptions, the same principles of glossing and the same abbreviations are used throughout the entire book. A list of the abbreviations used in the glosses is provided on pages viii-ix. In conclusion, I would like to thank the individual contributors for their cooperation and Heinz Vater, editor of the Linguistische Arbeiten series, for his commitment and enthusiasm. Bonn, April 1995 Rolf Thieroff List of Abbreviations A aspect INDEF indefinite article ABESS abessive INESS inessive ABL ablative INF infinitive ACC, AKK accusative IPX infix ACT active INFL inflection ADESS adessive INFM infinitive marker ADJ adjective INSTR instrumental ADM admirative (Albanian) INT interrogative particle ADV adverb INVAR invariable AGR agreement marker IPFV imperfective ALL allative IT iterative auxiliary ANT anterior JUSS jussive AOR aorist KONJ subjunctive (=Konjunktiv) ART article L-F /-form (Serbian) COM comitative LOG, LOK locative COMP complementizer M mood; masculine COND conditional MEDPASS mediopassive (Albanian) CONJ conjunction mINF /ttfl-infinitive (Estonian) CONT continuative N neuter COP copula NEG negation Dl 1st Person Determiner NOM nominative D2 2nd Person Determiner OBJ object DAT dative PART participle DBF definite article PARTI participle I DEM demonstrative PART2 participle Π DIR directional PASS Passive DU dual PERF Perfect ELAT elative PFAUX perfect auxiliary (Greek) F feminine PFORM perfect formant (Greek) PUT future PFV perfective GEN genitive PL plural GER gerund PLUP pluperfect HAB habitual PLUP1 pluperfect I HYP hypothetical PLUP2 pluperfect Π ILL illative POSS possessive pronoun IMP imperative Postp postposition IMPF imperfect PC compound preterite (Portuguese) List of Abbreviations IX PRE presumptive RPRT reportive PRET, PRAT preterite SG singular PROG progressive SR subordinator PRON pronoun SUBJ subjunctive PROSP prospective SUP supine PRS present T tense PRTV partitive TRGR transgressive PST past TRNSL translative PSTF Past Frequentative VOC vocative (Lithuanian) 1 1st person PTL particle 2 2nd person RES resultative 3 3rd person RFL reflexive