Temporal Change in the Number of Longicorn Beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Captured on Flowers at the Intervals of Three Hours over Six Days

8 Pages·1997·6.5 MB·English

Eli・t・,a,Tok、,o,25(2):271-278,November15,1997
TemporalChangeintheNumberofLongicornBeetles
(Coleoptera,Cerambycidae)CapturedonFlowers
attheIntervalsofThreeHoursoverSixDays
YoichiSAKAKIBARA,Ryutar0IWATA,HirotakaKOBAYASHI
and Akiomi YAMANE
DepartmentofForestScienceandResources,CollegeofBioresourceSciences,
NihonUniversity,1866Kameino,Fujisawa,252Japan
Abstract Cerambycid beetleswerecaptured on two flower species, A1-tlncus
s.ylveste・,(yamabuki-shoma)andAngelicapc、,c/ada(shishi-udo)、attheintervalsofthree
hoursduringsixdaysfromthe10thtot6thAugust,1993inaJapanesebeech(F◆agusc・,e-
nata) forest,atMinakami,GunmaPrefecture,Japan.Duringthesixdays,577individuals
of llspecies,belongingtotheLepturinaeonly,werecaptured.Pic/onlatakechi1hadthe
greatestnumberofindividuals(475;82.3%).Inmostofthespeciesalmostconstantnum-
berofindividualswerecapturedeverydayfromthewild ewers.Thenumberoftotalbee-
tle individuals,aswellasthoseofallthebeetlespecies,decreasedconsiderablyandsome-
timesnonewereobtainedatnight.
Flowersare utilized as important foodsource by many beetlespecies, among
whicharecerambycids,aboveall,mostspeciesofthesubfamilyLepturinaeandsome
ofthesubfamilyCerambycinae. 0naflower, theynot onlyeat itsnectarandpollen,
bututilizeitasamatingsite(KANDA,1981;KUBoK1, l987).Ontheotherhan
ceram-
bycidbeetlesareimportantpollinators for floweringplantssothattheyarecontribut-
ingthenatural regenerationof forestsinsomepartsoftheworld.Althoughtherela-
tionsbetween cerambycidbeetlesandflowers arenotsoobligatory andspecific in
comparisonwiththosebetweenbeesormothsand flowers,many cerambycidspecies
visit flowers ofcertain speciesat acertain locality andseason (WATANABE, 1969;
KUBoKl, l978,1990;KANDA, 1980, l989,1991;SAIToeta1.,1981a,b).Ontheother
hand, degreeof activity ofcerambycid beetles on flowerschanges with timeand
weatherwithinaday (WATANABE, 1976; KUBoKI, 1978). In thisconnection, however,
noreportshavebeenmadeonaday-and-nightobservationofcerambycidbeetlecom-
munityonflowers,theirnightbehaviorbeingveryunfamiliartous.
Wehavereportedcomparisonofbeetlesamplescapturedbyinsecttrapswithben-
zylacetate(possessinga oralscent)andcommunityofmanuallycapturedbeetleson
flowersinJapaninorder toclarifylimitationintheuseoftrapsinstudyingfieldbeetle
communities(SAKAKIBARAeta1.,1996).Incloseconnectionwiththis,wereporthere
thetemporalchangeofappearanceofcerambycidbeetleson flowersattheintervalsof
272 Yoicl、iSAKAKIBARAeta/
threehoursoversixdays
Materialsand Method
1. Studysite.
Investigationwasconducted incloseconnectionwith theone that was reported
elsewhere(SAKAKIBARAeta1.,1996)inaJapanesebeech(taguscrenataBLUME) for-
estalongtheTashirozawaforestroad(altitude1,400m),Minakami,GunmaPrefecture,
Japan. Thisnatural forestisinawellpreservedprimarycondition,where fellinghas
beendoneonlypartlyinthepast.
2. Capt1,t1-eofbeetle.s・on owe,・s.
Duringthesixdays fromthe10th to t6thAugust 1993,cerambycidbeetleswere
captured from flowersevery threehours (0:00,3:00, 6:00, 9:00, l2:00, 15:00, 18:00
and21:00),wheretheinterval(3hours)isregardedas“bout”.Theflowersbelongedto
Al・uncus sylvester KosTEL (yamabuki-shoma; 20 plants) and Angelica polyclada
FRANcH(shishi-udo;1plant),whichwerebloomingatthesideoftheforestroad.They
werecapturedbyhandsoastoavoiddamagingflowers,withanetplacedbeneaththe
ewerstopreventbeetleflight.Duringthesameperiod,meteorological factorssuchas
weather,windstrength, temperatureandhumiditywererecorded(seeSAKAKIBARAet
a1.(1996) forthedetailedmethods).Thebeetlescapturedonflowerswerepreservedin
avial with75%ethanol.
Results
Overthesixdays,577cerambycidindividualsof11species,allbelongingtothe
subfamilyLepturinae,werecaptured(Tablet). ThegenusPidomawasthedominant
Table 1. Totalindividualnumberofeachspeciescapturedonflowers.
Species Numberofindividuals
Gaul'otesdo''slBATES 4
Pfdonl'aoOsctlrfo''(Pie) 3
RtakechiiKuBoK1 475
Rg'a11at''11(BATES) 36
aeg''ofa(BATES) 1
//11wa1(MATSUSHITA) 3
Pamentata(BATES) 2
'nasa f YAsHI 30
Co・,ennysso,-1cataBATES 1
ep1u1-a'mmlcaBATES 2
Pa''ast''angalisn、'''リ:lhula(BATES) 20
Total 577
TemporalChangeo「LongicornNumberonFlowers 273
with7species(64%) and550individuals(95%). Pidonla takech1l KuBoKIhadthe
greatestnumber ofindividuals(475;82%).Amongtheotherspecieswithcompara-
tivelylargenumberofindividuals(morethan10)are1)gla11at1・ixl(BATES)(36;6.24%),
masakiiHAYAsHI (30;5.2%)andPal-asti'angalisnymphtlla(BATES)(20;3.47%).
Changesinthenumberofindividualsofthesefourdominantspeciesareshownin
Fig. 1. As forPtakech11, thenumberofindividualscapturedshowedasinglepeak
withineachday,althoughthepeakonthe13thwasveryobscure,withsimilarnumber
ofindividualsbeingcapturedover4bouts from9:00to t8:00.Thecapturepeakal-
waysoccurredinthe5thbout(12:00-15:00)except for the14thwhenitoccurredin
the7thbout (18:00-21:00). Thenumber ofindividualscaptureddecreased consider-
ably fromdaytimetowardnighttogivenothingaftermidnightinmostofthedays.The
weatherchangedconsiderablyduringtheperiodofstudy(Fig 2).However,asisseen
fromacomparisonofFigs. 1and2,ourtrial failedtodetectanysimilarmeteorological
sequences among days, nor any correlations between the capture pattern and the
weatherpattern.
As fortheotherspecies,detailsofcapturepatternwerenotclearlypresentedon
accountofasmallnumberofindividualscapturedperbout.Theywerenotcapturedat
nightexceptthatafewindividualsof ,nasakii were foundonthe flowersaround mid-
night.
Theresultsshown inFig. 1wererearranged in Fig 3 bycombining8 intervals
intoone,thatis,onedaybeingregardedasalongbout.Thecorrelationcoefficientsof
the total numberofindividualscapturedoneachdaywith thetemperature(meanand
maximum)andhumidity(meanandminimum)wereasfollows: for i:) takechii,mean
temp.1-= -0.349,max temp.1・= -0.957,meanhum.1・=0.698,minhum. ,・= -0.831;
for g,・a11at,-ix,meantemp.,・=0.726,max temp.1-=0.677,meanhum.1-=0.309,min.
hum r=0.105; for i)1nasaki1,meantemp.1-=0.412,max temp.,・=0.450,meanhum.
1・=0.225,min.hum.1-=0.2; forRll、,,nphula,meantemp.1-= -0.250,max temp. ,-=
-0.219,meanhum.,-=0.556,min. hum.,=0.492.Ofthese, onlysignificant was the
negativecorrelationbetween theindividualnumberofPtakechiiand themaximum
temperature(p<0.02).
Ontheotherhand, thetotalnumberofindividualscapturedoneachdaydidnot
varysignificantly (for takechlt, 2=5.493, df-4,p>0.2; for masakii, 2=7.2,
df 4,p>0.1;fori:)nymphula,χ2=2.556,(d二f=4,p>0.5)exceptfor gra11atri)cwhose
individualnumbervariedsignificantly( 2=9.5,df=4,pく0.05).
Discussion
AlthoughmostspeciesoftheLepturinaearediurnal flower-visitingcerambycids
inJapan,somespeciesofthegenusPldoniahavebeenreportedtobeactiveatnight
(TAKAI,1983;MAKIHARA&SAIT0,1988).Inthepresentstudy,however,thenumberof
individualsofPidonlaspp decreasedconsiderablyontheflowersandnonewereob-
tainedatmostnights. It issupposedthatsomePidonlaspecieshaveapotentialityof
274 Yoichi SAKAKIBARAeta1
A: P. takechli
s40
n一一一
Pl:AIP30
u-20
-o
.I910
q
nN日 0
ll Aug. l2Aug. l3Aug. l4Aug. 15Au9
B: P gra11atrix
s--en4
P-3
:>
-P
u一2
一
o
」 1
a
omn
N
ll Aug. 12Aug. 13Aug. 14Ag. l5Au9
C: P masakii
S40
np-:一一一>30
-p
u一20
0一一
3」 10
q
nN日 0
11Aug. l2Aug. l3Aug. 14Ag l5Aug
D: P. nymphula
s-40
e
nPI30
A
-Pu[・ 20
-
o
.10
n
o
日
nN 0
ll Aug. 12Aug. l3Ag. l4Aug 15Aug.
Fig. 1. Temporalchangesofthenumbersofindividualsofcerambycidbeetlescapturedon ewersduring
thesixdaystudyperiodattheintervalsofthreehours
nocturnalactivitywhichmaybelimitedbycircumstances;thenocturnalactivityofPi-
doniaspeciesprovedtobeuncommon,andtheiroccurrenceonflowersatnightispos-
siblyascribedtotheirprolongedstayfromthedaytime.
Inthepresentstudy,medium-sizedlepturinespecies,suchasR takech11and
gra11atrix,dominatedontheflowersinnumber,whilethelarge-sizedspeciesappeared
TemporalChangeofLongicomNumberonFlowers 275
A: Weathertype
[コ Clear Cloudy cloudyandclear
c1oudyandrainy - Rainy Rainyandcloudy
11August 12August 13August 14August 15August
B: Temperatureandhumidity
25 100
(
〇。 ・一、
)
(l)
n-」 15 50 >、
e
」 E
a)
d コ
E 工
3,-,.
5 0
11August 12August 13August 14August 15August
C: Wind strength
0
(L)
一
e
()
s
一」 5
o
-.
n
o
(l)
oa
0
11August 12August 13August 14August 15Au9uSt
Fjg 2. Temporalchangesofmeteorological factorsduringthesixdaystudyperiodattheintervalsof
threehours(SAKAKIBARAeta1.,1996).
inlimitednumbers(e.g.genusLeptura).Duringtheconnectedinvestigationwithtraps
fromJuly23rdtoAugust23rd,1993(SAKAKIBARAeta1., l996),other11speciesofce-
rambycidbeetleswerecapturedbythetrapsinadditiontothe11speciescapturedon
276 YoichiSAKAKIBARAel11
A: Dr: ta ech1ユ
s 00
nP一一一
-:A
-P
u一 50
o一
a」
q
E
nN 0
11 Aug. l2Aug. 13Aug. l4Aug. 15Au9
B: P: gra atri
S 00
--e
:np
-
;>-
pu- 50
J
〇
」
aq
En
N 0
ll Aug. 12Aug. l3Aug. l4Aug. 15Aug
C: Dr: asa ・
s--en 00
P-:A-P
ut 50
Jo
」
oq
u-n
N 0
ll Aug. l2Aug. 13Aug. l4Aug. l5Au9
D: Dr: nymphula
s 00
n一一一
P-:A
-P
u一 50
o一
」
qE
nN 0
ll Aug. l2Aug. 13Aug. 14Aug. 15Aug.
Fig.3. Numbersofindividualsofcerambycidbeetlescapturedonflowersoverfivedaysaldailyintervals
TemporalChangeofLongicornNumberonFlowers 277
the ewers(Table1).Bothintrapsandflowercatches,Ptakech11andRg1-aliatrixwere
included in thedominantmembers,suggestingthatmedium-sizedlepturinespecies
formthenucleusofthecerambycidbeetlecommunityontheflowersinthisregion. It
has been reported that the captureof small- and medium-sized lepturine species
showeddouble-peakpatternsduringdaytime,suggestingtheiravoidanceofhightem-
peratureand/orheavysunshine(WATANABE,1976;KUBoKI,1978).Inthepresentstudy,
beetlecaptureon ewersexhibitedasinglepeak, and low temperatureandhighhu-
miditywererecordedduringallthestudyperiod. Itcanbesaidthatthesemeteorologi-
cal factorsrather favoredtheactivitiesofcerambycidbeetlesonflowers.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Messrs. Kozo MlzuNo and Shusei SAITo for their identifica-
tionsofspecies.ThanksarealsoduetoMr.HiroshiSuGAYA,whoassistedthesenior
authorinthefieldwork.WealsothankthechiefoftheMinakamiDistrictForestry0f-
ficeforpermissiontoconducttheinvestigationinthenational forest.
要 約
36: 榊原陽一・岩田降太:郎・小林till降・山根明p_群 馬県水上町における 時 間ごと 日 間の訪
花性カミキリムシの描獲消長. - 1洋馬県水上町田代林適のブナ林において, 花上のカミキ
リムシ辞集の調査を行った. 1993年8月10日から8月1611までの61-l間, ヤマブキショウマ20
1-, 株とシシウド1株に訪花している力ミキリムシを3時間ごとに描11vし 1種 57個7体を得た
描獲されたカミキリムシはすべて, ヒメハナカミキリ属を中心とするハナカミキリ亜科のもの
で, とくにアサマヒメハナカミキリが多数をIllめた(475,82.3%). 各種の捕; 獲個体数の日ごと
の変動はごく小さかった. また, イ?.間の捕獲個体数は激減し, llによってはまったく得られな
い時間帯もあった.
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