Technology Transfer: From Invention to Innovation

355 Pages·1999·8.241 MB·English

by  Dr. Annamária Inzelt (auth.), Annamária Inzelt, Jan Hilton (eds.)

Technology Transfer: From Invention to Innovation
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institute Series
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which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
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4. Science and Technology Policy - Vol. 19
Technology Transfer:
From Invention to Innovation
edited by
Annamaria Inzelt
IKU Innovation Research Centre,
Budapest, Hungary
and
Jan Hilton
Vuman Ltd.,
University of Manchester,
Manchester, Great Britain
~
"
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Technology Transfer: From Invention to Innovation
Budapest, Hungary
12-15 Novembar 1998
A C.I.P. Catalogue record lor this book is available Irom the Ubrary of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-5182-0 ISBN 978-94-015-9145-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-9145-4
Printed an acid-free paper
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@ 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999
Softcoverreprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1999
No part of the material protectecl by this copyright notice may ba reproducecl or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ............................................................ ix
Introduction ........................................................ xi
Acknowledgements ................................................. xiii
Chapter I -Knowledge Transfer and Transmission ........................ 1
Are Transition Countries 'Insiders' or 'Outsiders' of the Knowledge-Based
Economies? .......................................................... 3
Annamaria Inzelt
Knowledge and Technology Transfer ..................................... 23
Jacques de Bandt
Technology-Knowledge Diffusion Patterns in the United States ................ 37
Lawrence Rausch and Jennifer Sue Bond
Technology Transfer from RTOs: Definition/Setting the Scene ................. 57
G. G. Huylebroeck
On the Need of New Mechanisms for the Protection of Intellectual Property
of Research Universities ............................................... 69
P. Conceir;iio, M V Heitor and Pedro Oliveira
Cyclic Cross-Border Technology Transfer for Multinational Innovations ......... 87
Sherman Gee
Chapter II -The Best Practices of Knowledge Transfer (National and
Enterprise Level) ....................................... 101
Evolution ofa Successful Western European Technology Transfer
Organisation ....................................................... 103
E.J Duffa nd Jan Hilton
Best Practice in Technology Transfer Management: Strategies for the
Promotion of Innovation in Eastern Economies ............................ III
Thomas Gering
v
vi
Re-development of a Former East-Berlin Military Site into a Site of Science
and Technology ..................................................... 121
Helge Neumann
Facilitating the Growth of SMEs: The Strategic Role of Science Parks .......... 135
George Kiriakidis
Transforming Inventions into Innovations as a Major Concern of the Philips
Research Laboratories Management: A Historical Perspective ................ 145
Marc 1. de Vries
The Future of Research within the Biotechnology Revolution ................. 161
R. Fears
Chapter III -The Role of Codified Knowledge (patents) and Other
Intellectual Property Rights .............................. 171
Evolving Systems ofIntellectual Property Rights: Collaborative R&D as a
Generator of New IP Structures ........................................ 173
Hugh Cameron
How Useful are Patent Databases to SMEs as a Source of Technical
Information? ....................................................... 195
Anthony Arundel
Intellectual Property Rights: What they are and how to use them .............. 207
Keith Hodkinson
R&D Capabilities of Eastern Asian Countries -Centering on Asian NIES ....... 233
Takabumi Hayashi
Chapter IV -Monitoring Central and East European Experiences of
Knowledge Transfer during the Transition Period ........... 255
Excellence and Social Relevance in Hungarian Higher Education .............. 257
Andras PatMs
Innovation Policy and Technology Transfer as Part of Structural Policy in
Poland 265
T. Markowski
Technological Transformation and Organizational Changes in Ukrainian
Aviation & Belorussian Electronic Industries: Two Different Strategies ......... 285
I. Egorov and A. Slonimski
vi,
Barriers to Innovation in Bulgaria: Some Results of a Survey (July 1997) ....... 299
Rossitsa Chobanova
Protection of Intellectual Property in Romania: Exploitation of Industrial
Property and Technological Transfer .................................... 309
Mircea Valer Pusca, Ruxandra Rimniceanu and Stephan Cocos
Technology Transfer in Russian Industry ................................. 325
Irina Kuznetsova
Chapter V -Ideas for Further Co-operation ............................ 339
Introduction ........................................................ 341
Annex: List of Participants .......................................... 347
PREFACE
Advanced and emerging economies are increasingly based on knowledge and
information. The importance of knowledge and technology diffusion requires better
understanding of knowledge and technology transfer, and their networks. On 12-15
November 1997 NATO Advance Research Workshop held in Budapest was devoted to
these issues. The papers presented in this book were among those contributed by
participants from a wide variety of backgrounds at the workshop on "Technology
Transfer: from Invention to Innovation".
This NATO ARW was initiated and organised by Vuman Ltd. (University of
Manchester) and IKU Innovation Research Centre (Budapest University of Economic
Sciences). The workshop was arranged to bring together social scientists, technology
transfer managers, specialists in intellectual property rights, primarily from NATO
countries and Partner countries.
Discussions focused on the institutional framework of knowledge and technology
transfer; intellectual property rights as sources of information and tools for co
operations; international, national and regional aspects of knowledge and technology
dissemination, diffusion; networking. The papers selected reflect these topics and show
the current situation as it appeared at the workshop.
Annamaria Inzelt Eddie Duff and Jan Hilton
Budapest Manchester
Co-directors
ix
INTRODUCTION
Transfer of knowledge is as old as civilisation. Tremendous historical examples
illustrate well the dangers for society by failing in the transfer of knowledge. It was a
burden to people learning about our Planet in medieval ages, that the Catholic Church
blocked the dissemination of Galileo Galilee's discovery. In this age of rapid global
changes in communication we have to face again the problem of poor social capabilities
to transfer knowledge efficiently.
Technology transfer has expanded rapidly over the past twenty years within Western
Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim. Industry in these areas recognises that the
cost of high quality research is very high and some estimates suggest that some 50% of
new products and processes will originate from outside the primary developer.
Academic and other research institutions are obvious sources of much of this new
technology.
Science and technology may be inspired by science, by technology, by society and
disseminate inside and among generations, inside and among organisations and nations.
Knowledge dissemination may exist intra-and interdisciplinary, from one or a set of
disciplines to technology(ies) and products.
Cross-fertilisation of scientific thinking by dissemination of knowledge is the key factor
of scientific development. International mobility, correspondence, any ways of
exchanging ideas are important in scientific thinking and development. Knowledge
diffusion among disciplines may result in a new track in a science or new sciences (e.g.
biophysics, biochemistry, physic-chemistry, cybernetics)
Cross-fertilisation among technologies resulted in a new fundamental type of
innovation: technology fosion. A new technology can be created through the organic
fusing of several technical breakthroughs in a number of different fields. Typical cases
of fusion include : mechatronics, biotechnology, new ceramics, and optoelectronics.
Collaborative work, continuous interaction, feedback have a growing importance in this
process. These changes add other dimension to the innovation model.
xi