Technology, Ethics and the Protocols of Modern War PDF
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Technology, Ethics and the Protocols of Modern War Contemporary security has expanded its meaning, content and structure in response to globalisation and the emergence of greatly improved world-wide communication. The protocols of modern warfare, including targeted killing, enhanced interrogations, mass electronic surveillance and the virtualisation of war have changed the moral landscape and brought diverse new interactions with politics, law, religion, ethics and technology. This book addresses how and why the nature of security has changed and what this means for the security actors involved and the wider society. Offering a cross- disciplinary perspective on concepts, meanings and categories of security, the book brings together scholars and experts from a range of disciplines including political, military studies and security studies, political economy and international relations. Contributors reflect upon new communication methods, postmodern concepts of warfare, technological determinants and cultural preferences to provide new theoreti- cal and analytical insights into a changing security environment and the protocols of war in the 21st century. A useful text for scholars and students of security studies, international relations, global governance, international law and ethics, foreign policy, comparative studies and contemporary world history. Artur Gruszczak is an associate professor of political science, chair of national secu- rity at the Department of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. He is also faculty member of the European Academy Online run by the Centre International de Formation Européenne in Nice. His principal inter- ests and research areas include: EU internal security, EU intelligence cooperation, Euro-Atlantic security, modern warfare theory. Recently he published Intelligence Security in the European Union, Building a Strategic Intelligence Community (Palgrave Macmillan 2016) and edited Euro-Atlantic Security Policy: Between NATO Summits in Newport and Warsaw (Institute of Strategic Studies in Krakow 2015). Paweł Frankowski is an associate professor of international relations at the Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. He was post-doctoral fellow at University of Iceland (2010–2011) and University of St. Gallen (2011–2012). He was also a 2008 US State Department Fellow, SCIEX 2012 Fellow and 2015 Salzburg Global Seminar Fellow. His current research interests include: outer space security, social standards in free tree agreements and regional integration schemes in Africa. Emerging Technologies, Ethics and International Affairs Series Editors: Steven Barela, Jai C. Galliott, Avery Plaw, Katina Michael This series examines the crucial ethical, legal and public policy questions aris- ing from or exacerbated by the design, development and eventual adoption of new technologies across all related fields, from education and engineering to medicine and military affairs. The books revolve around two key themes: • Moral issues in research, engineering and design • Ethical, legal and political/policy issues in the use and regulation of technology This series encourages submission of cutting-edge research monographs and edited collections with a particular focus on forward-looking ideas concern- ing innovative or as yet undeveloped technologies. Whilst there is an expecta- tion that authors will be well grounded in philosophy, law or political science, consideration will be given to future-orientated works that cross these disci- plinary boundaries. The interdisciplinary nature of the series editorial team offers the best possible examination of works that address the ‘ethical, legal and social’ implications of emerging technologies. For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge. com/Emerging-Technologies-Ethics-and-International-Affairs/book-series/ ASHSER-1408 1 Healthcare Robots Ethics, Design and Implementation Aimee van Wynsberghe 2 Ethics and Security Automata Policy and Technical Challenges of the Robotic Use of Force Sean Welsh 3 New Perspectives on Technology in Society Experimentation beyond the Laboratory Edited by Ibo van de Poel, Lotte Asveld and Donna Mehos 4 Technology, Ethics and the Protocols of Modern War Edited by Artur Gruszczak and Paweł Frankowski 5 Emerging Technologies in Diverse Forensic Sciences Ronn Johnson Technology, Ethics and the Protocols of Modern War Edited by Artur Gruszczak and Paweł Frankowski First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Gruszczak and Paweł Frankowski; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Artur Gruszczak and Paweł Frankowski to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Gruszczak, Artur, 1965- editor of compilation. | Frankowski, Pawel, editor of compilation. Title: Technology, ethics and the protocols of modern war / edited by Artur Gruszczak and Pawel Frankowski. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, [2018] | Series: Emerging technology, ethics and international affairs series no. 1; Ashser-1408 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017051109| ISBN 9781138221338 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315410739 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: War—History—21st century. | Security sector—History—21st century. | Military art and science—History—21st century. | Military art and science—Technological innovations—Moral and ethical aspects. | Cyberspace operations (Military science) | Security, International. Classification: LCC U21.2.T365 2018 | DDC 172/.42—dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017051109 ISBN: 978-1-138-22133-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-41073-9 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman MT Standard by diacriTech, Chennai Table of contents List of figures vii List of tables viii Notes on contributors ix 1 Introduction: Protocols of modern war 1 ARTUR GRUSZCZAK AND PAWEŁ FRANKOWSKI 2 Strategic communication and contemporary European security 10 MICHAEL O. HOLENWEGER AND ALEXANDRE C. HOCHULI 3 Violence reconsidered: Towards postmodern warfare 26 ARTUR GRUSZCZAK 4 Private security, military companies and foreign fighters: Possible interactions and potential practical implications 41 IVETA HLOUCHOVA 5 Uprisings, violence and the securitisation of inequality 55 CAROLINE VARIN 6 Complicating security: The multiple narratives emerging from the Ukraine crisis 70 CRISTER S. GARRETT 7 Technology, development, global commons and international security: A global commons and interdisciplinary approach to global security 84 M. MATHESWARAN 8 Organisational networks in post-conflict disarmament efforts 100 ANDREA KATHRYN TALENTINO, FREDERIC S. PEARSON AND ISIL AKBULUT vi Table of contents 9 From MK-Ultra project to Human Terrain System 117 MICHAŁ PAWIN´SKI 10 Ethical dimension of post-heroic and autonomous modern armed conflicts 130 BŁAZ˙EJ SAJDUK 11 European military and dual-use technology transfers to Russia 142 SIMONA R. SOARE 12 Dilemmas of security and social justice 161 VEENA THADANI 13 Cyber security norms in the Euro-Atlantic region 173 JOE BURTON 14 Cyberspace’s ontological implications for national security 189 DIGHTON (MAC) FIDDNER 15 Conclusions 208 PAWEŁ FRANKOWSKI AND ARTUR GRUSZCZAK Index 216 List of figures 13.1 NATO and the EU – cyber complementarity. 182 14.1 Strategic environment. 192 14.2 Threat and response vectors. 194 List of tables 2.1 Civil-military relations and factor levels for military change 14 5.1 Protests in Africa 2005–2015 60 9.1 Grants funded by the CIA, 1960–1963 121 14.1 Dimensions and instruments of national power 193 Notes on contributors Isil Akbulut is a PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science at Wayne State University in Detroit, MI. Her main areas of interests are: global governance, peace operations, social network analysis and terror- ism. Her dissertation explores inter-organisational collaborations in peace operations. Joe Burton is a senior lecturer in international relations at the New Zealand Institute for Security and Crime Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand. He has a PhD and Master of international studies degree from the University of Otago and an undergraduate degree in international rela- tions from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has worked in pro- fessional politics as a ministerial advisor, national campaign coordinator, legislative assistant, researcher and political organiser. His research is cur- rently focused on cyber security and how states, non-state actors, interna- tional organisations and alliances are adapting to deal with new strategic challenges. Dighton (Mac) Fiddner is an associate professor of political science at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. He holds an MA in political science from Kansas University, and a PhD in political science from the School of Public and International Affairs at University of Pittsburgh. He currently teaches international relations, American foreign policy, intelligence and strategy policy courses as well as the information systems as a national security risk. Prior to his academic career, Dr Fiddner served in the US Army, retiring as a lieutenant colonel in September 1988. Paweł Frankowski is an associate professor of international relations at the Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. He was post-doctoral fellow at University of Iceland (2010-2011) and University of St. Gallen (2011-2012). He also was a 2008 US State Department Fellow, SCIEX 2012 Fellow and 2015 Salzburg Global Seminar Fellow. His current research interests include: outer space security, social standards in free tree agreements and regional integration schemes in Africa.
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