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Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 882 Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan Mohd Hafizi Zohari Kumaran Kadirgama Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed Amir Aziz Editors Technological Advancement in Instrumentation & Human Engineering Selected papers from ICMER 2021 Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Volume 882 SeriesEditors LeopoldoAngrisani,DepartmentofElectricalandInformationTechnologiesEngineering,UniversityofNapoli FedericoII,Naples,Italy MarcoArteaga,DepartamentdeControlyRobótica,UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,Coyoacán, Mexico BijayaKetanPanigrahi,ElectricalEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi,NewDelhi,Delhi,India SamarjitChakraborty,FakultätfürElektrotechnikundInformationstechnik,TUMünchen,Munich,Germany JimingChen,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China ShanbenChen,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai,China TanKayChen,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,NationalUniversityofSingapore, Singapore,Singapore RüdigerDillmann,HumanoidsandIntelligentSystemsLaboratory,KarlsruheInstituteforTechnology, Karlsruhe,Germany HaibinDuan,BeijingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics,Beijing,China GianluigiFerrari,UniversitàdiParma,Parma,Italy ManuelFerre,CentreforAutomationandRoboticsCAR(UPM-CSIC),UniversidadPolitécnicadeMadrid, Madrid,Spain SandraHirche,DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandInformationScience,TechnischeUniversität München,Munich,Germany FaryarJabbari,DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA, USA LiminJia,StateKeyLaboratoryofRailTrafficControlandSafety,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing,China JanuszKacprzyk,SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland AlaaKhamis,GermanUniversityinEgyptElTagamoaElKhames,NewCairoCity,Egypt TorstenKroeger,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,USA YongLi,HunanUniversity,Changsha,Hunan,China QilianLiang,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,UniversityofTexasatArlington,Arlington,TX,USA FerranMartín,Departamentd’EnginyeriaElectrònica,UniversitatAutònomadeBarcelona,Bellaterra, Barcelona,Spain TanCherMing,CollegeofEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore,Singapore WolfgangMinker,InstituteofInformationTechnology,UniversityofUlm,Ulm,Germany PradeepMisra,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,WrightStateUniversity,Dayton,OH,USA SebastianMöller,QualityandUsabilityLaboratory,TUBerlin,Berlin,Germany SubhasMukhopadhyay,SchoolofEngineering&AdvancedTechnology,MasseyUniversity, PalmerstonNorth,Manawatu-Wanganui,NewZealand Cun-ZhengNing,ElectricalEngineering,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,USA ToyoakiNishida,GraduateSchoolofInformatics,KyotoUniversity,Kyoto,Japan LucaOneto,DepartmentofInformatics,Bioengineering.,Robotics,UniversityofGenova,Genova,Genova,Italy FedericaPascucci,DipartimentodiIngegneria,UniversitàdegliStudi“RomaTre”,Rome,Italy YongQin,StateKeyLaboratoryofRailTrafficControlandSafety,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing,China GanWoonSeng,SchoolofElectrical&ElectronicEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity, Singapore,Singapore JoachimSpeidel,InstituteofTelecommunications,UniversitätStuttgart,Stuttgart,Germany GermanoVeiga,CampusdaFEUP,INESCPorto,Porto,Portugal HaitaoWu,AcademyofOpto-electronics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China WalterZamboni,DIEM-UniversitàdeglistudidiSalerno,Fisciano,Salerno,Italy JunjieJamesZhang,Charlotte,NC,USA ThebookseriesLectureNotesinElectricalEngineering(LNEE)publishesthelatestdevelopments in Electrical Engineering - quickly, informally and in high quality. While original research reported in proceedings and monographs has traditionally formed the core of LNEE, we also encourage authors to submit books devoted to supporting student education and professional training in the various fields and applications areas of electrical engineering. The series cover classicalandemergingtopicsconcerning: (cid:129) CommunicationEngineering,InformationTheoryandNetworks (cid:129) ElectronicsEngineeringandMicroelectronics (cid:129) Signal,ImageandSpeechProcessing (cid:129) WirelessandMobileCommunication (cid:129) CircuitsandSystems (cid:129) EnergySystems,PowerElectronicsandElectricalMachines (cid:129) Electro-opticalEngineering (cid:129) InstrumentationEngineering (cid:129) AvionicsEngineering (cid:129) ControlSystems (cid:129) Internet-of-ThingsandCybersecurity (cid:129) BiomedicalDevices,MEMSandNEMS Forgeneralinformationaboutthisbookseries,commentsorsuggestions,pleasecontactleontina. [email protected]. To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact the Publishing Editor in yourcountry: China JasmineDou,Editor([email protected]) India,Japan,RestofAsia SwatiMeherishi,EditorialDirector([email protected]) SoutheastAsia,Australia,NewZealand RameshNathPremnath,Editor([email protected]) USA,Canada: MichaelLuby,SeniorEditor([email protected]) AllotherCountries: LeontinaDiCecco,SeniorEditor([email protected]) **ThisseriesisindexedbyEICompendexandScopusdatabases.** Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/7818 Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan (cid:129) fi Mohd Ha zi Zohari Kumaran Kadirgama (cid:129) (cid:129) Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed (cid:129) Amir Aziz Editors Technological Advancement in Instrumentation & Human Engineering Selected papers from ICMER 2021 123 Editors MohdHasnun ArifHassan MohdHafizi Zohari Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive Engineering Technology Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan,Pahang,Malaysia Pekan,Malaysia Kumaran Kadirgama NikAbdullah NikMohamed Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive Engineering Technology Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan,Malaysia Pekan,Malaysia Amir Aziz Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan,Malaysia ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Electrical Engineering ISBN978-981-19-1576-5 ISBN978-981-19-1577-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1577-2 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense toSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore To SARS-CoV-2 that has been rocking the world since 2019, on your bike and give us a break! Foreword Research in the Mechanical Engineering field has evolved into becoming a mul- tidisciplinary field that isnot only focusing on Mechanical Engineering per se,but also integrating knowledge in electronics, instrumentation, programming, signal processing,materialsscience,andsoon.Thisisduetothefactthatthesolutiontoa problem nowadays does not only rely on a single discipline approach, but often requires an integration with other disciplines. Take a car for example, a purely mechanical system in the past has now been highly integrated with electronics, control system, artificial intelligence, and so on that results in only 50% or less componentsinacarbeingpurelymechanical.Thisisjustoneofmanyexamplesof what was then a purely mechanical system, now has evolved into an integrated system that involves other disciplines. Technological Advancement in Instrumentation & Human Engineering gathers selected papers presented in the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research 2021 (ICMER 2021) that covers topics related to human engineering, instrumentation, materials, modelling and simulation, and signal processing. This proceeding book symbolizes the multidisciplinary Mechanical Engineering research has evolved into. It is hoped that this book will promote multidisciplinary research in the Mechanical Engineering field towards a more efficientandcomprehensivesolutiontoaproblemathand.Asawisemanwhogoes bythenameofIsaacNewtononcesaid,“IfIhaveseenfurther,itisbystandingon the shoulders of giants”. Regards, Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan Corresponding Editor vii Contents Human Engineering Driving Data Analysis for the Development of Kuala Terengganu Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I. N. Anida, J. S. Norbakyah, W. N. J. H. W. Yussof, P. Walker, and A. R. Salisa Investigation on Lane Changing Manoeuvres of an Autonomous Vehicle by Using Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Proportional- Integral-Derivative Control (PID) for Steer-by-Wire (SBW) System . . . 15 P. M. Heerwan, N. E. Z. Mohamad, M. A. Zakaria, M. I. Ishak, and S. M. Asyraf Improvement of Brake Response Time on Trailing Vehicle: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Norrizal Mustaffa, Syabillah Sulaiman, Fathul Hakim Zulkifli, Khairu Kamarudin, and Shaiful Rizal Masrol The Validity of Football Skills Test for 12-Year-Old Male Players . . . . 41 Adjah Naqkiah Mazlan, Mohd Hairul Azam Mesnan, Mohamad Rasidi Pairan, and Mohd Hizwan Mohd Hisham Factors Contributing to the Pedal Error or Pedal Misplacement Among Malaysian Car Drivers: A Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Mohamad Zairi Baharom, Zulkifli Ahmad, Nursya Mimie Ayuny Ismail, Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, Juffrizal Karjanto, and Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim Preliminary Study on the Influence of Boot Studs on Rugby Players’ Sprinting Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Sharul Hadi Turiman, Zulkifli Ahmad, and Nasrul Hadi Johari ix x Contents Ergonomic Chair Design in Minimizing MSD Chassis Assembly Workers Complaints Using Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD). . . 73 Nelfiyanti, Nik Mohamed, M. F. F. A. Rashid, and Chon Chin Seik ARackandPinionIntegratedMechanismforGymForearmMachine Power Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Ammar A. M. Al-Talib, Ain Atiqa, and Lih Jing Soo Drowsiness Detection for Safe Driving Using PERCLOS and YOLOv2 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Ngo Kah Lock, Weng Mun Ng, Norrabiatul Adawiyah Jusoh, Nazhatul Hafizah Kamarudin, Rizauddin Ramli, and Zuliani Zulkoffli A Study of the Effect of Industrial 4.0 on Improving the Manufacturing Performance: A Case Study in Miri and Bintulu. . . . . . 113 Mohd Adzrie, Brandon Chagat, Radhika Lahei Arechinan, Sri Tharunan Naidu, and Umar Abdul Karim Instrumentation Design and Fabrication of Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Hydroponic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 MohdRafiuddinRozilan,AnaSyahidahMohdRodzi,AhmadFaizZubair, Abdul Rahman Hemdi, Rasdi Deraman, and Nor Diyana Md Sin PerformanceofFoodDehydrator Using Different Type of Distributor Base Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Muhamad Hakimi Mokhtar, Muhamad Helmi Ashraf Termizi, A. S. M. Yudin, and A. Alias Comparing Industry Training Using Virtual Reality Against Conventional Training: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Christian Stark, Salome Wiener, and Jeng Feng Chin IoT Enabled Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Floormat. . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Chong Lye Lim, Hashwinni Rajaretnam, Sarina Tajudin, and Mohammed W. Muhieldeen Dynamic Modelling of Drone Systems Using Data-Driven Identification Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Osama Yaser Osman Suliman, Ir. Fahri Heltha, Ts. Muhamad Faliq, and Aulia Rahman Design of Intelligent Mixer Machine for Food Applications. . . . . . . . . . 213 A. S. F. Mahamude, D. Ramasamy, W. S. W. Harun, K. Kadirgama, J. Mogan, Suhelmy Azhar Bin Said, and Kaniz Farhana Temperature Profile of Mixed Mode Solar Cabinet Coconut Dryer. . . . 231 KeithYvonneB.Diez,JaoPhilipA.Yap,andCresencioP.GenobiagonJr. Contents xi Performance of Solar Cabinet Dryer Utilizing Thermosyphon Water Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Cresencio P. Genobiagon Jr. Development of Small-Scale PETE Plastic Bottle Shredder with Electronic Sensor Controls for Cap Separation: Basis for Reverse Vending Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Alec Christian M. Cervantes, Ace Vann Cardiff T. Aleria, Christian Carlo B. Taer, and Cresencio Jr. P. Genobiagon Design of Flora Inspired Savonius Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Apple Jee P. Ladao and Delan S. Bacus Arduino-Based Electronic Bicycle Transmission Switching System . . . . 275 Lance Gabriel M. Atencio, John Stephen E. Cena, Ian U. Opalla, and Randy E. Angelia A Review on the Bolted Flange Looseness Detection Method. . . . . . . . . 287 Mohd Padzly Radzi and Mohd Hafizi Zohari Pedestrian Lane Control System with Alert System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Emmanuel V. Galang, Noel R. Portillo, and Jetron J. Adtoon Design and Analysis of 6 Degree of Freedom Robotic Whiteboard Cleaner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Mark Ryan M. Estrera and Cresencio P. Genobiagon Materials Study on Mangrove Barks Activated Carbon (MBAC) for Fibre Reinforce Plastic (FRP) Rehabilitation Pile Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Z. Salleh and T. M. I. A. T. Mazlan Preliminary Tensile Investigation of FDM Printed PLA/Coconut Wood Composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 J. Kananathan, K. Rajan, M. Samykano, K. Kadirgama, K. Moorthy, and M. M. Rahman Preliminary Tensile Investigation of FDM Printed PLA/Copper Composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 A. Kottasamy, K. Rajan, M. Samykano, K. Kadirgama, K. Moorthy, and M. M. Rahman ANarrativeReview:BambooFiberasanAlternativeSourceforPulp and Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 MohdFaizalEsa,NorMazlanaMain,MohdNazrulRoslan,NorainiMarsi, Khairu Kamarudin, and Latifah Jasmani

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