Teaching Advanced Language Skills through Global Debate: Theory and Practice PDF
Preview Teaching Advanced Language Skills through Global Debate: Theory and Practice
Teaching Advanced Language Skills through Global Debate Mastering Languages through Global Debate Mastering English through Global Debate Mastering Russian through Global Debate Teaching Advanced Language Skills through Global Debate: Th eory and Practice Teaching Advanced Language Skills through Global Debate Th eory and Practice Tony Brown and Jennifer Bown © 2014 Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Join our mailing list and get updates on new releases and special off ers from Georgetown University Press. Contents Introduction 1 Rationale 1 Overview of Textbook Objective and Components 2 1. Overview of Profi ciency Guidelines 4 Description of Assessment Criteria for ACTFL Advanced and Superior Levels 4 Defi ning Our Terms: What Does a Rating of Advanced or Superior on an OPI Tell Us? 5 What Does a Rating in the Advanced Range Mean? 6 What Does a Rating of Superior Mean? 7 Description of Assessment Criteria for the Common European Framework of Reference 8 2. Task-Based Language Learning 11 Defi nition 11 Background 11 In Practice 12 Open versus Selective Enrollment 12 Profi ciency Testing 13 Class Size 14 Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Debate 15 v vi Contents 3. Teaching Reading 16 Profi ciency Guidelines for Reading 16 Research on Reading 16 Background Knowledge 17 Linguistic Knowledge 17 Strategic Knowledge 18 Readability (Text-Based Factors) 18 Discourse Organization 18 Vocabulary 19 Length 19 Content and Interest Level of the Text 19 Scaff olding the Reading Process 20 Activate Prior Knowledge 20 Visuals 20 Pre-Reading Discussions 20 Know, Want to Know, Learned Charts 21 Anticipation Guide 21 Attention to Text Structure 21 Directed Reading-Thinking Activity 21 Build Vocabulary 22 Concept-of-Defi nition Map for Introducing New Vocabulary 23 Word Structure Analysis 23 Word Walls 24 Spaced Repetition: Memory Boxes 25 Teach Comprehension 26 Questioning Strategies 26 During Reading Activities 26 Teaching Students to Ask Questions 27 Questioning the Author 27 Elaborative Interrogation 28 Improve Reading Fluency 28 Why Consider Fluency? 28 Shadow Reading 29 Rate Buildup Reading 29 Repeated Reading 30 Oral Paired Reading 30 Class-Paced Reading 30 Self-Paced Reading 30 Rereading (Diff erent from Repeated Reading) 30 Contents vii Develop Strategic Learners 31 Extensive Reading 33 4. Teaching Listening 35 Profi ciency Guidelines for Listening 35 Research on Listening 35 Scaff olding the Listening Process 36 Selective Listening 37 Other Types of Listening 38 Intensive Listening 38 Responsive Listening 39 Extensive Listening 39 Types of Texts 40 5. Teaching Writing 41 Profi ciency Guidelines for Writing 41 Research on Writing 41 Genres 42 Genre Analysis 43 Teaching Writing 44 Designing the Writing Task 44 What Is the Purpose of the Assignment? 45 Who Is the Audience? 46 What Style Is Appropriate? 46 What Format Is Expected for the Assignment? 46 Using Detailed Assignment Instructions and Grading Rubrics 46 Suggestions for Writing Assignments 46 Writing to Learn Activities 47 Reading Journals 47 Reader Response Charts 48 Dialogue Journals/Letters 48 Asynchronous Online Writing Activities 48 Web Forums 48 Wikis 48 Blogs 49 Assessing Writing to Learn Activities 50 Learning to Write Activities 50 Rapid Writings 50 Sentence Outlines 51 viii Contents Summaries 51 Renderings 52 Sentence Combining / Reformulation 52 Paraphrasing 53 Position Papers 53 Preparing Learners to Write 54 Listing 55 Freewriting 55 Clustering 56 Talking 56 Invention 56 Draft ing 57 Sharing and Responding to Writing 58 Revising 59 Editing 60 Publishing 60 Feedback and Correction 60 6. Teaching Speaking 61 Speaking Profi ciency Guidelines 61 Research on Speaking 61 Types of Arguments 63 Determining Positions 64 Corners 65 Value Line 65 Scaff olding the Speaking Process 65 Responsibilities of Speakers 66 Th e Debate Process 67 Parliamentary Debate 67 Karl Popper Debates 69 Lincoln–Douglas Debates 70 Alternative Debate Formats 70 Presidential Debate 71 Tag-Team Debate 71 Town Meetings 71 Forced Debates 71 Timed Pair Share 72 Paraphrase Passport 72 Affi rmation Passport 72 Contents ix Response Gambits 72 Talking Chips 72 Response Mode Chips 73 Socratic Discussion 73 Assessing Performance 74 Matter 74 Manner 74 Speaker Points 75 Suggested Speaking Assignment 76 Self-Assessment and Self-Refl ection 76 Conclusion 77 Finding a Good Fit 77 Candid Input from Instructors and Students 77 Appendices 81 A. Sample Graphic Organizers 82 B. Rubric for Writing and Speaking 84 C. Speaking Points Scoring Guide 85 Notes 87 References 89 About the Authors 95
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