Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days

487 Pages·1996·1.309 MB·English

by  Tim Parker

Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days
Second Edition
Preface to Second Edition
About the Author
Overview
Introduction
1. Open Systems, Standards, and Protocols
2. TCP/IP and the Internet
3. The Internet Protocol (IP)
4. TCP and UDP
5. Gateway and Routing Protocols
6. Telnet and FTP
7. TCP/IP Configuration and Administration Basics
8. TCP/IP and Networks
9. Setting Up a Sample TCP/IP Network: Servers
10. Setting Up a Sample TCP/IP Network: DOS and Windows Clients
11. Domain Name Service
12. Network File System and Network Information Service
13. Managing and Troubleshooting TCP/IP
14. The Socket Programming Interface
Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations
Appendix B: Glossary
Appendix C: Commands
Appendix D: Well-Known Port Numbers
Appendix E: RFCs
Appendix F: Answers to Quizzes

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Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days, Second
Edition
The second edition of Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days expands on the very popular first
edition, bringing the information up-to-date and adding new topics to complete the
coverage of TCP/IP. The book has been reorganized to make reading and learning easier,
as well as to provide a more logical approach to the subject.
New material in this edition deals with installing, configuring, and testing a TCP/IP
network of servers and clients. You will see how to easily set up UNIX, Linux, and
Windows NT servers for all popular TCP/IP services, including Telnet, FTP, DNS, NIS,
and NFS. On the client side, you will see how to set up DOS, Windows, Windows 95, and
WinSock to interact with a server. Examples and tips throughout these sections make
the process easy and clear.
Also added in this edition of Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days are new sections on DNS,
NFS, and NIS. These network services have become popular with the growth of large
TCP/IP networks, so we show you how to configure and use them all. A new section on
the latest version of IP updates the treatment of the base protocols to 1996 standards.
Tim Parker
Mail:
Dean Miller
Comments Department
Sams Publishing
201 W. 103rd Street
Indianapolis, IN 46290
Topics Covered in Detail in this Edition
n
The TCP/IP Protocol Family
n
Transport
n
Routing
n
Network Addresses
n
User Services
n
Gateway Protocols
n
Others
n
Topics Covered in Detail in this Edition
Standards and terminology
l
Network architecture
l
History of TCP/IP and the Internet
l
IPng (IP version 6)
l
Telnet and FTP
l
Configuring servers and clients
l
Introduction
So you've just been told you are on a TCP/IP network, you are the new TCP/IP system
administrator, or you have to install a TCP/IP system. But you don't know very much
about TCP/IP. That's where this book comes in. You don't need any programming skills,
and familiarity with operating systems is assumed. Even if you've never touched a
computer before, you should be able to follow the material.
This book is intended for beginning through intermediate users and covers all the
protocols involved in TCP/IP. Each protocol is examined in a fair level of detail to show
how it works and how it interacts with the other protocols in the TCP/IP family. Along
the way, this book shows you the basic tools required to install, configure, and maintain
a TCP/IP network. It also shows you most of the user utilities that are available.
Because of the complex nature of TCP/IP and the lack of a friendly user interface,
there is a lot of information to look at. Throughout the book, the role of each protocol
is shown separately, as is the way it works on networks of all sizes. The relationship
with large internetworks (like the Internet) is also covered.
Each chapter in the book adds to the complexity of the system, building on the material
in the earlier chapters. Although some chapters seem to be unrelated to TCP/IP at first
glance, all the material is involved in an integral manner with the TCP/IP protocol
family. The last few chapters cover the installation and troubleshooting of a network.
By the time you finish this book, you will understand the different components of a
TCP/IP system, as well as the complex acronym-heavy jargon used. Following the
examples presented, you should be able to install and configure a complete TCP/IP
network for any operating system and hardware platform.
The TCP/IP Protocol Family
Transport
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): connection-based services
User Datagram Protocol (UDP): connectionless services
Routing
Internet Protocol (IP): handles transmission of information
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): handles status messages for IP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP): determines routing
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): alternate protocol for
determining routing
Network Addresses
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): determines addresses
Domain Name System (DNS): determines addresses from machine names
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP): - determines
addresses
User Services
Boot Protocol (BOOTP): starts up a network machine
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): transfers files
Telnet: allows remote logins
Gateway Protocols
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP): transfers routing information for
external networks
Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (GGP): transfers routing information
between gateways
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP): transfers routing information
for internal networks
Others
Network File System (NFS): enables directories on one machine to be
mounted on another
Network Information Service (NIS): maintains user accounts across
networks
Remote Procedure Call (RPC): enables remote applications to communicate
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): transfers electronic mail
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): sends status
messages about the network
The TCP/IP Protocol Family
n
The TCP/IP Protocol Family
Transport
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Connection-based services (Day 4)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Connectionless services (Day 4)
Routing
IP (Internet Protocol) Handles transmission of information (Day 3)
ICMP (Internet Control Message
Handles status messages for IP (Day 3)
Protocol)
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Determines routing (Day 5)
Alternate protocol for determining routing
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
(Day 5)
Network Addresses
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Determines addresses (Day 2)
Determines addresses from machine names
DNS (Domain Name System)
(Day 2 and Day 11)
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution
Determines addresses (Day 2)
Protocol)
User Services
BOOTP (Boot Protocol) Starts up a network machine (Day 11)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Transfers files (Day 6)
Telnet Enables remote logins (Day 6)
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) Enables remote file transfers (Day 6)
Gateway Protocols
Transfers routing information for external
EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
networks (Day 3 and Day 5)
Transfers routing information between
GGP (Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol)
gateways (Day 3 and Day 5)
Transfers routing information for internal
IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)
networks (Day 5)
Others
Enables directories on one machine to be
NFS (Network File System)
mounted on another (Day 12)
Maintains user accounts across networks
NIS (Network Information Service)
(Day 12)
NTP (Network Time Protocol) Synchronizes clocks (Day 11)
PING (Packet Internet Groper) Checks connectivity (Day 7)
Enables remote applications to communicate
RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
(Day 12)
SNMP (Simple Network Management Sends status messages about the network
Protocol) (Day 13)
Open Systems
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What Is an Open System?
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Network Architectures
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Local Area Networks
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The Bus Network
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The Ring Network
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The Hub Network
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Wide Area Networks
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Layers
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The Application Layer
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The Presentation Layer
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The Session Layer
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The Transport Layer
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The Network Layer
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The Data Link Layer
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The Physical Layer
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Terminology and Notations
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Packets
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Subsystems
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Entities
n
N Notation
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N-Functions
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N-Facilities
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Services
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Making Sense of the Jargon
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Queues and Connections
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Standards
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Setting Standards
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Internet Standards
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Protocols
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Breaking Data Apart
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Protocol Headers
n
Summary
n
Q&A
n
Quiz
n
— 1 —
Open Systems, Standards, and Protocols
Today I start looking at the subject of TCP/IP by covering some background information
you will need to put TCP/IP in perspective, and to understand why the TCP/IP protocols
were designed the way they are. This chapter covers some important information,
including the following:
What an open system is
l
How an open system handles networking
l
Why standards are required
l
How standards for protocols like TCP/IP are developed
l
What a protocol is
l
The OSI protocols
l
You might be eager to get started with the nitty-gritty of the TCP/IP protocols, or to
find out how to use the better-known services like FTP and Telnet. If you have a specific
requirement to satisfy (such as how to transfer a file from one system to another), by
all means use the Table of Contents to find the section you want. But if you want to
really understand TCP/IP, you will need to wade through the material in this chapter.
It's not complicated, although there are quite a few subjects to be covered. Luckily,
none of it requires memorization; more often than not it is a matter of setting the stage
for something else I discuss in the next week or so. So don't get too overwhelmed by this
chapter!
Open Systems
This is a book about a family of protocols called TCP/IP, so why bother looking at open
systems and standards at all? Primarily because TCP/IP grew out of the need to develop
a standardized communications procedure that would inevitably be used on a variety of
platforms. The need for a standard, and one that was readily available to anyone
(hence open), was vitally important to TCP/IP's success. Therefore, a little background