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Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 1 25/06/22 9:56 AM About the Authors Stan Gibilisco (1955–2020) was a writer, electronics hobbyist, engineer, and HAM radio operator. Stan has authored several titles for the McGraw Hill Demystified and Know-It-All series, along with numerous other technical books and dozens of magazine articles. His Encyclopedia of Electronics (TAB Books, 1985) was cited by the American Library Association as one of the “best references of the 1980s.” You can read about Stan on his Wikipedia page (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Gibilisco). Dr. Simon Monk has a degree in Cybernetics and Computer Science and a PhD in Software Engineering. Dr. Monk spent several years as an academic before he returned to industry, co-founding the mobile software company Momote Ltd. He has been an active electronics hobbyist since his early teens and as well as writing books, he designs products for MonkMakes Ltd, the company he started with his wife Linda. Dr. Monk is the author of numerous electronics books, including Programming Arduino, Hacking Electronics, and Programming the Raspberry Pi. 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 2 25/06/22 9:56 AM Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics Seventh Edition Stan Gibilisco Simon Monk New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 3 25/06/22 9:56 AM Copyright © 2022 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 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In Memory of Stan 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 5 25/06/22 9:56 AM This page intentionally left blank 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 6 25/06/22 9:56 AM Contents Preface xvii Part 1 Direct Current 1 Background Physics 3 Atoms 3 Protons, Neutrons, and Atomic Numbers 3 Isotopes and Atomic Weights 4 Electrons 4 Ions 6 Compounds 6 Molecules 7 Conductors 8 Insulators 9 Resistors 9 Semiconductors 9 Current 10 Static Electricity 11 Electromotive Force (Voltage) 12 Non-Electrical Energy 13 Quiz 14 2 Electrical Units 15 The Volt 15 Current Flow 16 The Ampere 17 Resistance and the Ohm 18 Conductance and the Siemens 20 vviiii 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 7 25/06/22 9:56 AM Contents viii Power and the Watt 20 A Word about Notation 22 Energy and the Watt-Hour 23 Other Energy Units 24 Alternating Current and the Hertz 25 Rectification and Pulsating Direct Current 26 Stay Safe! 27 Magnetism 28 Magnetic Units 29 Quiz 29 3 Measuring Devices 30 Electromagnetic Deflection 30 Electrostatic Deflection 32 Thermal Heating 33 Ammeters 33 Voltmeters 35 Ohmmeters 37 Digital Multimeters 38 Frequency Counters 39 Other Meter Types 39 Quiz 41 4 Direct- Current Circuit Basics 42 Schematic Symbols 42 Circuit Simplification 44 Ohm’s Law 44 Current Calculations 45 Voltage Calculations 46 The Rule of Significant Figures 47 Resistance Calculations 47 Power Calculations 48 Resistances in Series 49 Resistances in Parallel 50 Division of Power 51 Resistances in Series-Parallel 52 Quiz 53 5 Direct- Current Circuit Analysis 54 Current through Series Resistances 54 Voltages across Series Resistances 55 Voltage across Parallel Resistances 57 Currents through Parallel Resistances 58 Power Distribution in Series Circuits 60 Power Distribution in Parallel Circuits 61 Kirchhoff’s First Law 63 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 8 25/06/22 9:56 AM Contents ix Kirchhoff’s Second Law 64 Voltage Division 66 Quiz 69 6 Resistors 70 Purpose of the Resistor 70 Fixed Resistors 73 The Potentiometer 75 Resistor Specifications 77 Quiz 81 7 Cells and Batteries 82 Electrochemical Energy 82 “Grocery Store” Cells and Batteries 84 Lithium Batteries 85 Lead-Acid Batteries 86 Nickle Metal Hydride Cells and Batteries 86 Photovoltaic Cells and Batteries 87 Fuel Cells 88 Quiz 90 8 Magnetism 91 Geomagnetism 91 Magnetic Force 92 Magnetic Field Strength 95 Electromagnets 98 Magnetic Materials 100 Magnetic Machines 103 Quiz 106 Part 2 Alternating Current 9 Alternating-Current Basics 109 Definition of AC 109 Period and Frequency 109 The Sine Wave 111 Square Waves 111 Sawtooth Waves 112 Complex Waveforms 113 Frequency Spectrum 114 Fractions of a Cycle 116 Expressions of Amplitude 118 The Generator 121 Why AC and Not DC? 122 Quiz 123 00_Gibilisco_FM_i-xx.indd 9 25/06/22 9:56 AM