Table Of Content

Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics This page intentionally left blank Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics Third Edition Stan Gibilisco McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copy right  2002, 1997, 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Com p anies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of Am erica. Except as perm itted under the United States Copy right Act of 1976, no part of this publication m a y be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any m eans, or stored in a database or retrieval sy stem , without the prior written perm ission of the publisher. 0-07-138939-3 The m a terial in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-137730-1. All tradem arks are tradem arks of their respective owne rs. 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DOI: 10.1036/0071389393 To Tony, Tim, and Samuel from Uncle Stan v This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xix Part 1 Direct current 1 Basic physical concepts 3 Atoms 3 Protons, neutrons, and the atomic number 4 Isotopes and atomic weights 4 Electrons 5 Ions 5 Compounds 9 Molecules 10 Conductors 11 Insulators 11 Resistors 13 Semiconductors 14 Current 15 Static electricity 15 Electromotive force 16 Nonelectrical energy 18 Quiz 19 2 Electrical units 23 The volt 23 Current flow 24 The ampere 26 Resistance and the ohm 26 Conductance and the siemens 28 vii viii Contents Power and the watt 29 Energy and the watt hour 31 Other energy units 33 ac Waves and the hertz 34 Rectification and fluctuating direct current 35 Safety considerations in electrical work 37 Magnetism 38 Magnetic units 39 Quiz 40 3 Measuring devices 44 Electromagnetic deflection 44 Electrostatic deflection 46 Thermal heating 47 Ammeters 48 Voltmeters 49 Ohmmeters 51 Multimeters 53 FET and vacuum-tube voltmeters 54 Wattmeters 54 Watt-hour meters 55 Digital readout meters 56 Frequency counters 57 Other specialized meter types 57 Quiz 60 4 Basic dc circuits 65 Schematic symbols 65 Schematic diagrams 67 Wiring diagrams 68 Voltage/current/resistance circuit 68 Ohm’s Law 69 Current calculations 69 Voltage calculations 71 Resistance calculations 71 Power calculations 72 Resistances in series 73 Resistances in parallel 74 Division of power 75 Resistances in series-parallel 75 Resistive loads in general 77 Quiz 77 5 Direct-current circuit analysis 82 Current through series resistances 82 Voltages across series resistances 83 Contents ix Voltage across parallel resistances 85 Currents through parallel resistances 86 Power distribution in series circuits 88 Power distribution in parallel circuits 88 Kirchhoff’s first law 89 Kirchhoff’s second law 91 Voltage divider networks 92 Quiz 95 6 Resistors 99 Purpose of the resistor 99 The carbon-composition resistor 102 The wirewound resistor 103 Film type resistors 104 Integrated-circuit resistors 104 The potentiometer 105 The decibel 107 The rheostat 109 Resistor values 110 Tolerance 110 Power rating 110 Temperature compensation 111 The color code 112 Quiz 114 7 Cells and batteries 118 Kinetic and potential energy 118 Electrochemical energy 118 Primary and secondary cells 119 The Weston standard cell 120 Storage capacity 120 Common dime-store cells and batteries 122 Miniature cells and batteries 124 Lead-acid cells and batteries 125 Nickel-cadmium cells and batteries 125 Photovoltaic cells and batteries 127 How large a battery? 128 Quiz 130 8 Magnetism 134 The geomagnetic field 134 Magnetic force 135 Electric charge in motion 136 Flux lines 136 Magnetic polarity 137 Dipoles and monopoles 139