Teach Yourself Dutch Grammar

129 Pages·2003·38.67 MB·English

by  Gerdi Quist

teach’
yourself

dutch grammar
‘er aut enc
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Dich Ministry of Eavisonmeat (Uni 24

Edhael Portnay (Unit 62)

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About this book

This Dutch geaumar iw sfceence aud pasties book i ens.
(On the lef-hand pages You wil find explanations of
sear pelt, which Fon aa practise With CHS
Se hand page
Tine concent pages give you an overview of the dittrest
pus ah are explined In general, the units ae grouped
By geammatica! epic, og. al sacs celacing to verbs are
honed cogelice, wih tis bse invasion and simak
points prsading inte comalss pols.
‘The hoeicis aimed at haginaces both Sogners studing the
Tne su hep earns sranunte 28 el a
‘hore advancee learners of uch, tt the easfer ani, all
rsmmuatiealteminnlogy a explaincs te fase unis we ety
{ie tuminology without explaining woar iis, bur you cat
albvays rela co te esses, 04 bere tl, co the sppropaate
‘The exercises are designed to practise the spect. poins
exphined on ths age pppesites Uy may. deal wich form of
‘with function, ar beet. The language inthe exercises of the
Cer anise hest Tals songls tn anime ofthe lace unit,
Seo hase assumed that you will have a sligkly sper
Vosubudoxy. But even ia these ualts tbe language ie
{eragheforwnd, oly the senences migit be Longer
Recauce grammar is a network of vacious eules and
conventions of using language, you cannon sity speaking
Study a pone in islacon trom others Ls cealing this i of
sours the ons way we cam leuen about a foccgngrammna
bhucteis sarehehie sa keop ‘a mine eat many polars bave a
Ihgeag pou ous ewollcg, You wil, Lind. touay cross
See dhiaughout the hook, wrbich will andoubredly

"This bao zn be uae in wari was aalFatud learn
ahout che Durch lzaguoge, in conjunction wick a langoage
Sour, or situpy att relsenae hook en Iie 9 arias
Doin: Wand aohen the need ies,

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Please seed thls Introduction belore you start using the Book.
‘Why learn grammar?

Learning grammar has long been sociated wich Ieamiog
fonng tole which do nothing to help you perform practical
fake ara nureve ina feign cont. Bat, af a matter of Eas,
Iearning geammar doce help yo do everday ehiggs ina forign
eer

Lecrng prammar is aot fast above Mering wo apcak and ye
fone Wis ane about uaderstaading whae te pateras nd
tractors she language act = pasteris and seremaces which
Foucan apel te fle of eer words so that you walle ablet
ay only se than if yon omy wav isto of ready-made
heaves, Learning grammar helps sou 2 dears efectve'y and
easel.

Grammar and meaning

‘sat perhaps most import ofall earoanggearamar helps vou
to fhe orlace of the language. It helps you 1
tauduscand how langage werks and how grammar eon cise
the meaning of what people so. Leaping uravimr jt at
Truch: about meaning und cantmeincmsen a6 ie (5 about
Understanding langungs pater in a more abner way

For nsianc, when yoo coma so farm a cult wemeture such
tthe passive, you can learn is varlous forms, bur i helps you
more if you als lam about bar the pasive aevally iy what
"does, and why eal wen penpls MSE

Use and style
“Throughout che bank, we have cred to give you not oalea clear
nd conase mmplanaton of the rues and forms of the Farias
‘razumadcal pins bucoverceer possible we have also ceo
{Bre you a slows fic at the meaning ana wee of a parocolar
[Eammaadcal category. We have also included itormarion and
Ehetcnes ont sylstc issnes ay hie will farce belp you
tinderstend how’ the Language werls and how grammar Can
nti the way you express youre

A-chenaing tanguage
{Contrary ta pupulae perertinn, Dutch i by aneane 2 sal
language within Benope. Over 20 willion people speak it, both,
inthe: Nevherlnih and in landers he northern. part of
Belgium).

As wich ll ving lamseage, Dutch rfl the history and the
‘ines of the ennnery and ice people and, evan more important
peshaps for foreign learner, the language continu to change
fe sult ot hiteros), social and cull changes

‘One example of this isthe sbeorpiun over the samazie of
foveaga worls from min ifernt languages ino Dutzh, a8 2
feqnlt of Dutch tande aad contac with othor coumties and
fares, In-more reeent sours, the inflacnes. of Eaglish tn
paricslar hae been very stg, due fa part 0 loballzaoa, bet
Elo due te the ese the Dutch tn have an intrnagonal
Sclntatien and the Gninuacon of stroag tadingerdtion,
Holland has bad a cepatation of beings pen and cole
towanl other cilqurs. While dhs image tay be somewhac
fMcrentypcal the openness has heen an csonomic neces
Duteh sociey is ail scrote with other culeares ad many
Duteh peuple are proud of their abllicr ro speak foriga
Tngaages and are only tas caer ko prove it

Ditforent languages

“Thee mat one single Dutch language ~ differen: soil gromps,
Giferem protesions, people of desrene ages cr people ioe n
{foram aris ofthe country speek Dutch in she ova sligitly
Sitarem way

Tn thir bool ve dus nly uke ‘aound rules’ of the language
‘which anv sed by everybody: Waen a pattclar rue is ot
‘ved Dy al spel, eis wl be indicsred if relent to foreign
poner

Finally, Pash graminar i quie seaightionward, the ree ae
uch mote ryzulgr tin thine af Eoglshy and act at
‘omplicaid howe of, Say German [dsspte what many Dutch
speakers 53).

‘Good Jack and happy lesa!

yoing siqnop zo!

é
Zeouajuas eB ul SJEYM EO +

Sentences are made up of vatous slernant; the most
important are eubject, vorb and object.

Bisubject

tally all ents have a subjoc, Subjects make things
happen ~ 120 the pereon, objector idea which peorms
fuser iv seatiauss loge that this action = mdieated by the
vir ~ nade he a partstlasy active thag, icon also be
Something is slephag or biking, Ube wobec, ike che obj
‘in he ade ap of mince than one word. Example of sbi
old be

‘i 1

‘ijn bora ny neigh

‘de economis in de deede the ecomay inthe

wereld ied wort

is word shih els you what someone o: something
is doing AS licaed, this necdat be angus actire. Most
Set haves feet ie verb, but can aba Sroquenty do ia
Dateh — have more than one. For aieze on verby see Lima.
24054, Example of seth

pakersn so park
‘enka tosh
Bobioct

abe objec she person, they idan wih sae the veces,
end ofthe scion inthe semen, Not all seminars have aise
bere art aypes ul ejects
= Disecr objects ndengo te ation of ihe sentence dots
S Incuect obpets rete the dina nce

Th geet de raven an ijn mood
ieee objec lv razon oe accualy handling thea
Inne jet = one monder she receives che ree)
[NB In practic, the difrence besren dect an ins
‘objects won't Be aa isu in thls Boek,
Othe categories
Inadcicion ro saber. verb ancl uber yo will Sel wuny other
‘ond eategenes in seconces sich me ail, noun, pronouns.
adjectives, adverbs, prepasidons, vinjutetions vie, Thiss are all
Sexebed in tre glomary an alder ind'vidual headings
theoughowr the book,

Kl Put the ght contence with the correct thetration.
4 Bhery fst Ana

fy Frederick gectt hee cadcau aan an vicndin,

¢ Teles de rant

4 De aby oct de bana,

f Jrckic drags de koste

EDs posster signee foto’.

I wir he sertancea trom Exarloe 4 ln the box, breaking
‘hem down info subject, verb and object,
[Samiest [vers] Object

“-tsumueeetttn & |

‘80
Buyjads y0[_-)

“This unit gives you the malnspoling rules of Dten
Bvowola

Del epeling ie veep sesightonvard, and te 10 follow the
‘way souls are proms checky as posible, The rai
rile conceres he spelling of he vowel sounds ay er OF chose
Yovwel sooms there is both a short vanant anda Tong vaeant
‘The shor aul lng. see stands are spelled acer 1
rile, Fin sone exons:

thort|manrran [wk ccs [boa tres [ousiuw
Tong [meen me [reer gersemer | poem ros |buur
resttoar

* Short vowel syonds are slwavs spelled with ene vowel (sot
the ceamples a laced spa, he. a sylable ending im 3

» Long vowel sonads can beep in 60 wags,

1 rth owo vowels in cloned alle, Le. a silable ending
ina congonaat (atin the examples

22 with ume yrwe in an open spllable i, slahle cain fa
2 vowel as inibe folowing examples:
anes (noone horn gemtiones), omen (esi, urea
freighours)

changing vowels: faa
“To make woides plural ia Duwch, yon often add en which
tstally creas an ext allable, Ifyou adden 0, for instance,
‘maa, you cheat second syllable omen, This tans that the
Fist yllale asa: la tom an open silat, and so ee lang =
Simul should he spelled with enly ane » ser above}: magn,
‘The spalling ofthe vowel sound changes Putte sound see the

changing consonants: nina
Tomake word like man, with shore vowel youn pluel vou
slay ad -en ae ceeatea second sylable nen, However the ist
{pllable mar now open, and onl long vowel suns can oocar
Bh open nllslce, A'sboit yowel sound can aly oecur im a
dosed vie, 50 che fst syllable has to er! in consonant.
‘There's an eaay salution ro tat simply donb the consonanr a
the middle: manuea. Row thee are tv close lables, man-
‘nd cnen,

1 Make theoe none plural by adn an
aran nae boot st

Beal anguage B rinuat sume
chen be i oR eve
Gsigaree crete boo choir
acho Shino! kk boom fre
Tie Bose 1 mor wail

Loe the plural ofthe verbs (2.9 he form for wi.

Hf edraag, dL ecaraery wi dagen we meee
‘a ikmaak Imake f ikwas Lh
bake (Boe x ikrouk Lomoke
€ ikeerel rel tastom? — B ikanak Thee tort)
Sik deooe Lary Pattee Souted =
S ikbeut’ I posees 5 ikpevat J tale

lt Fotowing vorbs, give the farm which goss with hi
and 2.
HEL wassen 10 0msh is wast

to wal
th git bre (only tor x)

Sep tee

f boken teceobtbai!

F meseippen tr change (eg. tains? NU overstappen is &
separable web,

fg suien ee send

Bemaren —teexperience

2 pverwinnen tr ernamer

j bores fo hear

ke slapen fa elesp

Velen te coune

|
S|
&
a
a]
2
5
Vey

syueUuOsUuOD

This unit gives you the most important apeling rules governing

EXbouble rouble
‘These is a very sinh Durch spelling cole which sage thar a
cron coonoe end in 9 consonants Hf rye Ch same. Ths
Igy seem strange (7 you know English. anc, foe anstancr,
(Gatton, but youll age tha ivan exe rule to ruembes

vont shold cherfone be tk il aad a ball always een bal?
Look atthe picares below for name more examples

Gye and wt
“The goinde by dy ¥, 2 ae nota impewrant in che Datch sound
psc ae they are in English ip fat atthe ead of words y
Vr pare promowened i py, fad voc sof Durch speakers
akg do tn English snd pitas them sueh a reengnizale ae.
“Moreover snd 2 are wally nln weiten as fans at the ond
Of works This ity che singular of beleven (era 8 bet
tetrad the singe of fuisen rase) is us hoe)

cca

Hive the stem of th following verbo {the form 0 go with
#5 slln ro spe Gk) spe

onc dae

vethuizen 0 move horse

nuballvcesr

6

Bivens blow

f bakin Gs huckit

Elen th aaling

Eee pan ome
fore ine

i Hikes folie

jmnoen th sive

lace the following words plurl by adang-en

aie ote
Bram nme

e ‘apenas
a (elie

: Frnace

i ‘hal

5 Jus

1 Form the plural ofthese verb (Le. the form to go with wi)
aikkies Tcbnase
Bikieh Tlie
Chass Pat
GH beel I rlle
eikget Tgae
Fikteo Trexe