Teach Yourself Bulgarian

178 Pages·12.092 MB·English

by  Michael Holman, Mira Kovatcheva

®
teach
yourself
\. ~
bulgarian
michael holman and
mira kovatcheva
For over 60 years, more than
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750 subjects the teach yourself
way,with impressive results.
be where you want to be
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:s.qpaHi4Te! KaKeeK8388T8?
British Library cataloguing inPublication Data:acataloguerecordforthistitleisavailable
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Library ofCongress catalog cardNumber. onfile. sayingplease andthank you, greetings,
FirstpublishedinUK1993byHodderEducation,338EustonRoad,London,NW13BH. introducing yourself,there Isandthere Isn't
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KaKm? MM8T8nMBplMt?
ThiseditionpUblished2003.
howareyou? doyouhaveamoment?
Theteachyoul'SelfnameisaregisteredtrademarkofHodderHeadline.
askingquestions, sayinggoodbye,
Copyright©1993,2003MichaelHolmanandMiraKovatcheva
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Impressionnumber 1413121110
Year 2010 2009 2008 2007
06 MCK8T9nMAI•..?wouldyouliketo...? 69 16 8KO6u H8TBOtM~TO ••• V
iv
can I?,may I?,I must, Ineed orneed to, ifIhadbeeninyourplace ... 203 g
g
ifandhypothetical situations, giving presents, I
i beingintroduced, changing money
Iwas going to - thwarted plans,more and
i 07 KonKo crpyB8•••?how muchis...? 82
not any more, reporting first-hand information
goingshopping, pointing, let's, requestsand
commands, Bulgarianmoney 17 KaKBOnplB8we TJI?whatwasshedoing? 217
adifferent perspective onpast events,things
08 K8KBOMMnpenopi.'lB8Te?
whatcanyou recommend? 97 needing repair,trouble withthecar
eatingoutandordering meals,expressing 18 B"'e C'bMpewMn8
Ihavealreadymadeupmymind 230
preferences
results:reporting eventsthat haveaffected the
09 CKaKBOMoraAI 8MnOMOrH8?
present,forgetting something, havingfunand
howcanIhelpyou? 110
beingbored
offering assistance, Ican do it,that's my bag,
getting about intown 19 MM8renMOnnaKB8HMJI?
10 K8KBOaqe6i.Ae BptMeTO? isthereanything wrong? 241
making complaints, reporting whatyoudon't
what's theweathergoing tobe? 125
agreeinganddisagreeing, makingsuggestions, know first hand
talking abouttheMure, getting outoftown 20 6MxMeMCKanMAIAiliAeM n8KI
wewould liketocomeagain! 253
11 nn8H38CntAB81qllT8c8AMMqlI
sayinggoodbye andstaying intouch,
aplan forthecoming week 137
moreifexpressions, beingespecially polite
daysoftheweek,months, dates, Bulgarian
taking itfurther 264
holidays,first, second etc., numbersover100
key to the exercises 267
12 nO'laK8M,HenOp'b'lB8Moaqel
appendix 288
wait,don't orderyet! 152
Bulgarian-English vocabulary 305
don't dothat!,twin verbsfordescribing the
Englisll-Bulgarian vocabulary 319
samesituation, like orlove?
Indexto grammar and usage 330
13 K8KAIcTMfHeMAOXOTen«OAeca»
howcanweget totheOdessahotel? 165
directions, losingyourway,pastevents
14 n03AP8BilB8MTelcongratulations! 178
what isdone (ornotdone),specialoccasions,
cheersl, addressforms, describing yourhome
15 6J1xH8neKap Iwenttoseethedoctor 191
sayinghowyoufeel,doing something
for yourself
_EJ.
Mira Kovatcheva was born in Sofia and studied English at Sofia
University, where she is now Senior Lecturer in the Department of
English Studies. Her field of research isEnglish historical linguistics
•..•,
and languages in contact. She also has a special interest in the
~
teaching of Bulgarian to native speakers of English. Between 1989
and 1992 she was on secondment to the universities of Leeds and
Sheffield where she taught Bulgarian to English students. o
Michael Holman is of mixed English and Russian parentage and
was born in Kent, where he now lives. Between 1966 and 1999 he Q.
lived in Yorkshire, where he was latterly Professor of Russian and
Slavonic Studies at the University of Leeds. He has taught c::
Bulgarian, translated from Bulgarian into English and sought to Teach Yourself Bulgarian is a complete course for beginners in
promote Anglo-Bulgarian cultural interchange. He holds the 'Order spoken and written Bulgarian. Ithas been designed for self-tuition,
of Stara Planina' (First Class) and is an honorary Doctor of Letters but may also be used for study with a teacher. It aims to teach you ()
•_•.
of Sofia University. His wife, Dorothea, without whom none of this to understand and use the contemporary language in a variety of
would have been possible, was born in Sofia ofmixed Bulgarian and typical, everyday situations. Above all it is functional, enabling
Macedonian parentage. you to communicate and interact, using the language for positive, o
practical purposes. Although intended primarily for people with no
knowledge of the language, you will also find ituseful if you want
Acknowledgements to brush up or extend some previous knowledge.
It would be impossible to thank all our relatives and friends and also The course is divided into 20 carefully graded and interlocking ~
colleagues, past and present, who have helped us directly or units. Each unit is devoted to a particular topic or situation and
indirectly with this book. We would, however, like to single out for each successive unit builds naturally on material covered in
special mention Christo Stamenov and Vladimir Filipov, both previous units. In Unit 1, for example, you will learn how to
lecturers at Sofia University, who assisted us greatly in the latter introduce yourself, to use some simple greetings and to say
stages of our work on the first edition. Toeveryone who has written 'please' and 'thank you'. In Unit 2 you will discover how to ask
to thank us for the book and to make suggestions for its questions, and in Unit 3 you will learn how to answer questions
improvement, we are grateful beyond measure. The responsibility saying where you come from, what you do for ajob and indicating
for outstanding imperfections in this new edition, however, remains whether or not you are married. Unit 4 teaches you some numbers
fmnly with us. and how to use them when telling the time.
The first half of the book, up to the end of Unit 9, is a basic
grammatical and thematic 'survival kit'. The emphasis here is on
the present tense and on immediate situations you may well fmd
yourself in on a visit to Bulgaria. Thus, Unit 5 enables you to
describe your language knowledge - or lack of it! Unit 6deals with
wanting and asking for things and with changing money, Unit 7
with shopping, Unit 8with eating out and Unit 9with getting about
and both asking for and giving assistance.
From Unit 10 on you progress to less immediate, but no less
important matters. You will learn to ask about future events,
inquiring about the weather, for example, or putting together a plan HoW best to use this book
for the days ahead. You will also learn how to talk about things that
Before starting Unit I you will need carefully to work through the
happened in the past, how to make complaints and tell people what
sections on the alphabet and pronunciation. Look, too, at the section
to do. And as your vocabulary and grammatical knowledge increase,
on pronunciation and spelling at the beginning of the Appendix.
you will be able to make more use of the tables and lists in the
Despite the different script, you will soon fInd that there are many
Appendix at the back of the book.
Bulgarian words you recognize, both in their written form and when
Each unit is divided into distinct but interlocking sections. An
you hear them on the recording which accompanies Teach Yourself
initial Dialogue is followed by avocabulary with the new words and
Bulgarian. a
phrases and a few short questions in Bulgarian based on the
Dialogues or other sections marked with are included on the
Dialogue. Then (up to Unit 11) comes a short section (marked with
D) recording. We strongly advise you to use it. As you listen to the
ofcultural comments and topical tips for fIrst-time visitors to the
native speakers and imitate their pronunciation, so your own
country. This is followed by useful phrases relevant to the theme of
pronunciation will improve. Keep the recording in the car and listen
the unit and worth learning by heart. Then come grammatical
toit on your way to and from work. Repeat the words and phrases as
explanations which all proceed naturally from the new words and
often as possible so as to get your tongue round the foreign sounds.
constructions used in the Dialogue. Finally there come the Exercises
Before going on to anew unit, listen again to the dialogues recorded
- lots of them, varied, practical, with all the answers in the back - so
from the previous unit. The more you listen and the more you speak,
you can test yourself and see how you are doing. At the end of the
the better you'll be!
Exercises there is always asecond dialogue, that takes you on alittle
further, incorporating material you will have already covered plus a Learning techniques obviously vary and you will probably need to
few new words and phrases. experiment a little before adopting the procedure that suits you best.
However, since each unit follows the same pattern, you might fInd
In the dialogues we have tried to concentrate on the activities of a
the following procedure worth trying for a start.
limited number of characters, both English- and Bulgarian-speakers,
whose paths cross in Bulgaria one year inMay. First there isMichael
DIalogue
Johnson, aman of entrepreneurial disposition from Chelmsford, UK.
Read the English introduction at the beginning of the opening
Mr Johnson is in SofIa for the fIrst time and has wisely learnt some
Dialogue. This will establish the context for you.
Bulgarian in preparation for his visit. He is on a two-week business
trip, establishing contacts, especially with Boyan Antonov, director If you have the recording, listen to the Dialogue and see how much
of a newly established but already quite large, Sofia-based you understand.
advertising agency. You will also meet members of Mr Antonov's Now work through the Dialogue, reading aloud as you go. The
staff: Nadya, his hard-working secretary, Nikolai Dimitrov, ajunior vocabulary after the Dialogue gives you the meaning of all new
colleague, and Milena Marinova, an artist. (Particularly watch words and key phrases in the order in which they occur. (If, as you
Nikolai and Milena ...) Then there is a married couple from work through the book, you fInd this initial vocabulary doesn't list a
Manchester, Victoria and George Collins. Victoria is an interpreter Word you cannot understand, turn to the Bulgarian-English
and George is a teacher. They too are visiting Bulgaria, but not for Vocabulary at the back of the book. All the words are listed there or
the fIrst time. Victoria speaks Bulgarian well. Nevena Petkova is the inthe Appendix. If you are searching for the Bulgarian equivalent of
hotel receptionist. Nevena, too, is entrepreneurial! There are other an English word, try looking in the English-Bulgarian vocabulary.
characters as well taking part in a variety of situations and locations, This contains most of the words used in the different units and agood
from SofIa in the west toPlovdiv in the south and on toVarna and the few more besides.)
Black Sea in the east. Good luck, and remember, practice makes
Listen to the recording again, following the text of the Dialogue in
perfect or, as the Bulgarians say, 6DHT'LT npaBH MaHCTOpa.
the book.
Questions
Now read aloud the questions that follow the Dialogue and try and
answer them individually as you go.
Notes
For alittle light relief have alook at the Notes.
Grammar
Now study the Grammar section. In some units this section is longer
than in others. Always, however, the grammatical explanations refer
tomaterial used inthe Dialogue. The usage should, therefore, already
be familiar to you. And since many of the examples used in the
Grammar section are taken from the Dialogue, this should help
further to consolidate your knowledge. The English translation is Bulgarian is spoken by more than ten million people worldwide
always given with words introduced for the ftrst time in the Grammar and is the official language of the Republic of Bulgaria. It is not a
section. difficult language for English-speakers. In fact, of all the Slavonic
languages, which include Russian, Ukrainian, Polish and Czech, its
How do you say it?
structure makes it one of the easiest for us to learn. True, the
Go over the How doyou say it? section. Try to memorize as many of
Cyrillic alphabet of 30 letters, which takes its name from the ninth
the words and phrases as possible.
century scholar and holy man St Cyril, may at fIrst seem a bit of a
Exercises barrier, but itis not difficult to master. The alphabet is very logical,
e~tremely efficient and well adapted to rendering the sounds of
Once you feel you have a reasonable understanding of the material,
Bulgarian. In the main, unlike English, the pronunciation is
test your knowledge by working through the Exercises. They have
straightforward.
been designed not only to be useful and communicative, but also to
test your mastery of the grammar. They are avital part of the learning The letters can be conveniently divided into three manageable,
process, so try to do them all! The answers in the back of the book easy-to-learn groups. They are:
will give you an idea of how you are doing.
1 letters that look the same in Bulgarian and English
Do you understand? 2 letters that look different
After the exercises in each unit there is a second Dialogue. New 3· letters that look the same, but are, in fact, pronounced very
words and phrases occurring in this Dialogue are listed at the end of differently. These are the 'false friends' which, initially at least,
the unit, but try and see how much you understand without reference cause the greatest difficulty.
to the vocabulary, by reading the Dialogue aloud. You should work
Look at the alphabet table on pp. xii-xiii and see if you can decide
through this second Dialogue as you worked through the ftrst one.
Whichletters fall into which group.
Finally, before proceeding to the next unit, listen again to all the
BUlgarian has six simple vowels: A, E, If, 0, Y, 'h- one more
recorded material of the unit you have just been working on. If you
do not have the recording, read through the Dialogues aloud, making than English - and two letters, 10 and II, that really stand for a
consonant plus a vowel - i +Y and i +a, respectively.
sure that you have understood everything.
Abbreviations
= =
Abbreviations used in this book are: adj adjective, f feminine,
= = = = =
m masculine, lit. literally, n neuter, no noun, p. page,
= =
pI =plural, vb verb, T true, F -false.
a
xii The Bulgarian alphabet xiii
'a:g3i'-lgl. Printed letters Written letters Approximate Bulgarian English 'agil'6l'
II capital small* capital small English sound example meaning :e_3l.:l.1l"•
5i
A a A a- a as in 'art' (but shorter) AHa Anna
n 6 .$ d b as in 'book' oaHaH banana a-gl'oi:i3.
B B (B) 1J G v as in 'vice' 80):(a water
r r (2) !I 1.- g as in 'good' rO.zuIHa year
)J; ):((g) :iJ t d as in 'dot' ));aTa date
E e 6 e e as in 'elephant' eceH autumn
)I( )I( JfC :He s as in 'pleasure' 3CeHa woman
3 3 3 1 z as in 'zigzag' 3HMa winter
M H(u) 1£ u as in 'inch' "Me name
H H (11) 12 1£ y as in 'yes' io)); iodine
K K J{ J(, k as in 'king' KaK how
]I JI(A) ~ ,,(., I as in 'label' JIerJI6 bed
M M j£ .u in as in 'man' MJIa):( young
H H Ji- It- n as in 'not' HOBHHa news
0 0 0 0 0 as in 'offer' OKOJIO around
n n (n) Ji 11- p as in 'pet' nanKa folder
P P fJ f t as in 'rat' pecTopaHT restaurant
c
c C c S as in 'sister' ceCTpa sister
T T (m) !Iii m- as in 'tent' T6pTa cake
y y y If 00 as in 'foot' yTpe tomorrow
<D 4J ff; f/J f as in 'fifteen' tltaKc fax
X x X x h as in 'horrid' xy6aB nice
l( u(W ~ 1f ts as in 'fits' "BeTe flower
q q 2{ ~ ch as in 'church' 'IepKBa church
ill ill (~ '/J£ tit- sh as in 'ship' manKa hat
m II( (w.) 14- 1+ sht as in 'fishtail' lUaCTHe happiness
b 'h 'b ~ U as in 'curtain' (but shorter) t.f"LJI comer
** b ** t> y as in 'York' K6JIho Kolyo
10 10 JO I<J you as in 'youth' (but shorter) tOJIH July
J;,
R JI .R- Ya as in 'yarn' (but shorter) Hro):(a strawberry
"-
*
The letters in brackets in the second column frequently replace their small printed
counterparts inprinted texts and public notices.
**The letter ••never comes atthe beginning of aword, soitis not used as acapital.
Pronouncing Bulgarian Writing Bulgarian
The English sounds you see in the table on p. xiii are only very rough There are four things to note when writing Bulgarian:
guides to correct Bulgarian pronunciation. Listening to native
• While there is very little difference between the capital and small
speakers and copying them is the best way to get things right, so try
letters in the printed script, the printed and the handwritten letters
listening now to the pronunciation guide on the recording. To begin
differ considerably. You will, however, come across longhand
with you might find ithelpful toput aruler beneath the lines with the
letters, more rounded in form, used in printed texts alongside their
individual letters and words and move it down the page as you listen
more angular printed counterparts. These are the letters in brackets
and repeat. Later you can just listen, trying to think of the shape of
on p. xii. (You will fmd examples under 4 below and in the
the individual letters as the words are read out.
brochure extract on p. 148.)
• Compared with English, both in the printed and handwritten
Stress
forms, Bulgarian has fewer letters that extend above and below
You will notice that in each word of more than one syllable, for the line. Itis important to observe the relative height of the letters.
example IOJIBJuly, ro.a year and peCTopaHTrestaurant, we have • When you write the letters JI,M and Hin longhand, you must make
put an accent above one of the vowels. We have done this to help sure you begin the letters with a little hook:
your pronunciation. Although Bulgarians don't put in the accent
when they write, when they speak they pronounce one syllable in
every word more distinctly than the rest. (You probably noticed this
as you listened to the recording.) This is the 'stressed' syllable. As This makes it impossible tojoin them to apreceding o.
you can see, the stress can fallon any syllable, just asin English. And
• In general, Bulgarian avoids double consonants, even in foreign
as in English, if you stress the wrong syllable, the word will sound words. For example, Mr and Mrs Collins playa large part in this
very odd, sometimes even incomprehensible. On the rare occasions book, and their surname is written KOJlBHc.Note too that it is
when aword has two stresses, we have marked this too. So when you written with a fmal c, not a 3. More about this in the note on
learn a new word, make sure you note which syllable is stressed.
pronunciation in the Appendix! Now it's time for alittle practice.
You will find some additional notes on pronunciation right at the
beginning of the Appendix, but for now it will be enough if you n~
Trying out what you have learnt
the following points:
1 Unlike the vowels in English, the Bulgarian vowels don't differ in Tohelp you recognize the letters and to practise your pronunciation,
length. (They are all a little longer than the English short vowels here are some international words, many of them names, and written
out in their Bulgarian spelling. We have given both their printed
and alittle shorter than the English long vowels.)
and handwritten forms and have arranged the words in the three
2 The Bulgarian letter p is always rolled, 'r-r-r', as the Scots
~fferent groups mentioned earlier. You should have little difficulty in
pronounce Brenda and Bruce.
Identifying their English equivalents. Check whether you've got
3 The sound of the Bulgarian x is not found in standard English. It
them right by looking up the Key to the Introduction at the back of
is very like the Scottish ch in loch, and is pronounced nearer the
the book. You might also try writing out the words yourself. Watch
front of the mouth than the English letter h.
the height of your letters!
4 There is no equivalent English letter for b. We do almost have the
sound, though, in a slightly longer version in the u in 1 Letters that look the same in Bulgarian and English (at least in
curtain and fur, or in the letter e, when read quickly but clearly in their printed form, but see 4 below):
the word the, for example. (Read aloud the last part of thi.s
sentence from the word 'or', and you will get the bin 'the' aboqt.
~)
xvi K KaHa.na ~ K¢,IUfT ~?Unt 3 Lfreiettnedrss'):that look the same, but are pronounced differently ('false xvii
Ii
M MHmiHo ~ MHHyTa 'alii
~ (1'6'
~:r
0 OTaBa tJmaJa OMJIeT ~ B BHeHa ~ BmIHaH ~ e~_l.lli..
T TeKcac .11~ TeJIe<!>6H ~ H HaMH6HjI ~ Bapna ~ g!-!ta~il.l
p PHlfap,n ffJwwn M6pKllIHP
~
The handwritten forms of the Bulgarian letters Ieand Mdiffer slightly
from the English, while the Bulgarian handwritten T is completely C CHHaTpa ~ AMCTep,naM ~
YwtapuJt-
different and confusingly resembles an English m.
Y YHnipHjI JIHBeprryJI
~
2 Letters that look different:
X Xaii,u,napK ~~ Caxapa ~
Jar;
Ii liepJIHH 6ap
~
Note that unlike the English letter c in cat, the Bulgarian letter c is
r rJI33roy ~ rapa:lK ~ always pronounced soft as in Cincinnati and like the English letter s
in Sinatra. It is, therefore, only partially a 'false friend'.
,l( ,lJ,aK6Ta ~ B6~Ka
~
You will notice that the Bulgarian pronunciation of names and
)I( JKeHeBa ~ :lKyPH ~ 'international' words differs slightly from the English. Sometimes,
too, a different syllable is stressed, TenetlH>nand nacnopT, for
3 3aM6e3H ~ ApH36Ha ~ example. And do remember that Bulgarians say CcltHH (Sofia, not
Sophia!)
H UCTaH6yJI :Hu~jI
~
~Uor»c And talking of 'international words', it has to be said that Cyrillic is
M ROPK Maii6pKa ~ increasingly under siege from the Latin script. Sometimes there is
considerable uncertainty which script to use. This is particularly the
JI JI6~OH liaJIKaH ~ case in business, commerce and communication technology. The
~
Bulgarian mobile phone system, for example, is called GSM, email
II naHaMa Ji~ nOJIH~HR ~ addresses can only be given in Latin script, and the word 'email'
itself still needs an accepted Cyrillic equivalent. You will notice too
ct> tJ)paHK<!>ypT ~ C6c1tHjI ~
that Latin script is frequently used alongside Cyrillic in brand and
U QIOpHX Zt,~ ,l(oHe"K ~ business names and in shop signs.
'Uu;
q qa,n qip'iHJI ~
I 4J~
ill me<!>HJI,n ~ moy-6H3Hec ~'~ IJ[; !t1J[;
m
~yITapT liy~anema ~ <DOTO
~ I
1> 1sn~aHK Ii'LJIrapHR
~ DIGITAL
~ EKCnPEC
b llIO<!>b6p ~ CHHb6pa ~
10 IOKOH ~ JIHH,nCIOHaHTe,n~ ~
~
J[ .HJITa ~ 9HKH