Teach Yourself

504 Pages·2004·4.17 MB·English

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Teach Yourself
UML
24
in
Hours
Joseph Schmuller
THIRD EDITION
800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46240 USA
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Sams Teach Yourself UML in 24 Hours,Third Edition Associate Publisher
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Copyright © 2004 by Sams Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a Acquisitions Editor
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction..............................................................................1
Part I Getting Started
HOUR 1 Introducing the UML.................................................................7
2 Understanding Object-Orientation...........................................31
3 Working with Object-Orientation ............................................47
4 Working with Relationships.....................................................61
5 Understanding Aggregations, Composites, Interfaces, and
Realizations............................................................................79
6 Introducing Use Cases.............................................................91
7 Working with Use Case Diagrams..........................................103
8 Working with State Diagrams................................................123
9 Working with Sequence Diagrams.........................................135
10 Working with Communication Diagrams..............................157
11 Working with Activity Diagrams............................................173
12 Working with Component Diagrams.....................................197
13 Working with Deployment Diagrams.....................................213
14 Understanding Packages and Foundations.............................225
15 Fitting the UML into a Development Process..........................249
Part II A Case Study
HOUR 16 Introducing the Case Study ...................................................267
17 Performing a Domain Analysis.............................................285
18 Gathering System Requirements............................................307
19 Developing the Use Cases......................................................325
20 Getting into Interactions.......................................................339
21 Designing Look, Feel, and Deployment..................................351
22 Understanding Design Patterns..............................................367
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Part III Looking Ahead
HOUR 23 Modeling Embedded Systems.................................................383
24 Shaping the Future of the UML..............................................403
Part IV Appendices
A Quiz Answers........................................................................421
B Working with a UML Modeling Tool......................................435
C A Summary in Pictures..........................................................457
Index....................................................................................467
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Table of Contents
Introduction 1
What’s New in This Edition ................................................................1
Who Should Read This Book? ............................................................2
Organization of This Book..................................................................2
Conventions Used Throughout This Book............................................3
Part I Getting Started 5
HOUR 1: Introducing the UML 7
Adding a Method to the Madness ......................................................8
How the UML Came to Be ..................................................................9
Components of the UML ..................................................................10
Class Diagram..........................................................................11
Object Diagram........................................................................12
Use Case Diagram....................................................................13
State Diagram ..........................................................................13
Sequence Diagram....................................................................14
Activity Diagram......................................................................16
Communication Diagram ........................................................16
Component Diagram................................................................18
Deployment Diagram ..............................................................19
Some Other Features ........................................................................20
Notes........................................................................................20
Keywords and Stereotypes ........................................................20
New Diagrams in UML 2.0................................................................22
Composite Structure Diagram ..................................................22
Interaction Overview Diagram..................................................23
Timing Diagram ......................................................................24
Something Old, Something New—The Package Diagram ..........25
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vi Sams Teach Yourself UML in 24 Hours
Why So Many Diagrams? ................................................................26
But Isn’t It Just a Bunch of Pictures?..................................................26
Summary ........................................................................................27
Q&A ................................................................................................28
Workshop ........................................................................................29
Quiz ........................................................................................29
Exercises ..................................................................................29
HOUR 2: Understanding Object-Orientation 31
Objects, Objects Everywhere..............................................................32
Some Object-Oriented Concepts........................................................34
Abstraction ..............................................................................34
Inheritance ..............................................................................35
Polymorphism..........................................................................36
Encapsulation ..........................................................................37
Message Sending ......................................................................38
Associations..............................................................................40
Aggregation..............................................................................41
The Payoff........................................................................................42
Summary ........................................................................................43
Q&A ................................................................................................45
Workshop ........................................................................................45
Quiz ........................................................................................45
HOUR 3: Working with Object-Orientation 47
Visualizing a Class............................................................................47
Attributes ........................................................................................48
Operations ......................................................................................50
Attributes, Operations, and Visualization..........................................51
Responsibilities and Constraints........................................................52
Attached Notes ................................................................................54
Classes—What They Do and How to Find Them................................54
Summary ........................................................................................57
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Contents vii
Q&A ................................................................................................58
Workshop ........................................................................................58
Quiz ........................................................................................58
Exercises ..................................................................................59
HOUR 4: Working with Relationships 61
Associations......................................................................................61
Constraints on Associations ......................................................63
Association Classes ..................................................................63
Links ........................................................................................64
Multiplicity ......................................................................................64
Qualified Associations......................................................................65
Reflexive Associations ......................................................................67
Inheritance and Generalization........................................................67
Discovering Inheritance............................................................69
Abstract Classes........................................................................70
Dependencies ..................................................................................70
Class Diagrams and Object Diagrams ..............................................71
Summary ........................................................................................73
Q&A ................................................................................................75
Workshop ........................................................................................75
Quiz ........................................................................................76
Exercises ..................................................................................76
HOUR 5: Understanding Aggregations,Composites,
Interfaces,and Realizations 79
Aggregations....................................................................................79
Constraints on Aggregations ....................................................80
Composites ......................................................................................81
Composite Structure Diagram ..........................................................81
Interfaces and Realizations ..............................................................82
Interfaces and Ports..........................................................................86
Visibility ..................................................................................87
Scope........................................................................................87
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viii Sams Teach Yourself UML in 24 Hours
Summary ........................................................................................88
Q&A ................................................................................................89
Workshop ........................................................................................89
Quiz ........................................................................................89
Exercises ..................................................................................89
HOUR 6: Introducing Use Cases 91
Use Cases: What They Are................................................................91
Use Cases: Why They’re Important....................................................92
An Example: The Soda Machine ......................................................92
The “Buy Soda” Use Case..........................................................93
Additional Use Cases ................................................................94
Including a Use Case........................................................................96
Extending a Use Case ......................................................................97
Starting a Use Case Analysis ............................................................98
Summary ........................................................................................98
Q&A ..............................................................................................100
Workshop ......................................................................................100
Quiz ......................................................................................100
Exercises ................................................................................101
HOUR 7: Working with Use Case Diagrams 103
Representing a Use Case Model ......................................................103
The Soda Machine Revisited....................................................104
Tracking the Steps in the Scenarios..........................................105
Visualizing Relationships Among Use Cases....................................106
Inclusion ................................................................................106
Extension................................................................................107
Generalization........................................................................109
Grouping................................................................................110
Use Case Diagrams in the Analysis Process......................................110
Applying Use Case Models: An Example ........................................111
Understanding the Domain ....................................................111
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Contents ix
Understanding the Users ........................................................111
Understanding the Use Cases ..................................................113
Drilling Down ........................................................................113
Taking Stock of Where We Are........................................................115
Structural Elements ................................................................116
Relationships..........................................................................116
Grouping................................................................................117
Annotation ............................................................................117
Extension................................................................................117
. . . And More..........................................................................117
The Big Picture................................................................................117
Summary........................................................................................117
Q&A ..............................................................................................120
Workshop ......................................................................................120
Quiz ......................................................................................120
Exercises ................................................................................121
HOUR 8: Working with State Diagrams 123
What Is a State Diagram? ..............................................................123
The Fundamental Symbol Set..................................................124
Adding Details to the State Icon..............................................124
Adding Details to the Transitions: Events and Actions..............125
Adding Details to the Transitions: Guard Conditions................127
Substates........................................................................................127
Sequential Substates................................................................128
Concurrent Substates ..............................................................128
History States..................................................................................129
New in UML 2.0..............................................................................130
Why Are State Diagrams Important? ..............................................131
Building the Big Picture..................................................................131
Summary........................................................................................131
Q&A ..............................................................................................133
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Workshop ......................................................................................133
Quiz ......................................................................................133
Exercises ................................................................................134
HOUR 9: Working with Sequence Diagrams 135
What Is a Sequence Diagram?........................................................135
Objects....................................................................................136
Messages ................................................................................136
Time ......................................................................................137
Cars and Car Keys..........................................................................138
A Class Diagram ....................................................................138
A Sequence Diagram ..............................................................139
The Soda Machine..........................................................................141
Sequence Diagrams: The Generic Sequence Diagram ......................144
Creating an Object in the Sequence ................................................146
Framing a Sequence: Sequence Diagramming in UML 2.0 ..............149
Interaction Occurrences ..........................................................149
Combined Interaction Fragments............................................151
Building the Big Picture..................................................................153
Summary........................................................................................153
Q&A ..............................................................................................155
Workshop ......................................................................................155
Quiz ......................................................................................155
Exercises ................................................................................156
HOUR 10: Working with Communication Diagrams 157
What Is a Communication Diagram? ............................................158
Cars and Car Keys..........................................................................159
Changing States and Nesting Messages ..................................160
The Soda Machine..........................................................................162
Creating an Object ........................................................................163
One More Point About Numbering..................................................164