T-Cell Trafficking: Methods and Protocols

290 Pages·2010·6.202 MB·English

by  Alf Hamann (auth.), Federica M. Marelli-Berg, Sussan Nourshargh (eds.)

M M B TM
ETHODS IN OLECULAR IOLOGY
SeriesEditor
JohnM.Walker
SchoolofLifeSciences
UniversityofHertfordshire
Hatfield,Hertfordshire,AL109AB,UK
Forothertitlespublishedinthisseries,goto
www.springer.com/series/7651
T-Cell Trafficking
MethodsandProtocols
Editedby
Federica M. Marelli-Berg
DepartmentofImmunology,DivisionofMedicine,ImperialCollegeLondon,London,UK
Sussan Nourshargh
WilliamHarveyResearchInstitute,BartsandtheLondonSchoolofMedicine&Dentistry,QueenMary
UniversityofLondon,London,UK
Editors
FedericaM.Marelli-Berg SussanNourshargh
DepartmentofImmunology WilliamHarveyResearchInstitute
DivisionofMedicine BartsandtheLondonSchool
ImperialCollegeLondon ofMedicineandDentistry
HammersmithHospital QueenMary,UniversityofLondon
DuCaneRoad CharterhouseSquare
London London
UKW120NN UKEC1M6BQ
[email protected] [email protected]
Additionalmaterialforthisbookcanbedownloadedfromhttp://extras.springer.com
ISSN1064-3745 e-ISSN1940-6029
ISBN978-1-60761-460-9 e-ISBN978-1-60761-461-6
DOI10.1007/978-1-60761-461-6
SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010921222
©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2010
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Preface
Both the development of a functional immune system and the establishment of effective
immunity are orchestrated by a series of complex and coordinated migratory events. In
the last decade a large number of major discoveries have shed light on the molecular
mechanisms of lymphocyte migration and the anatomy of immune responses, including
the development of organized lymphoid tissue, the compartmentalized recirculation of
lymphocyte subsets, and their targeted access to inflammatory antigenic sites. This has
been made possible by the development and increasing availability of novel techniques,
particularlyinthefieldofreal-timeimagingandgeneticmanipulation.
Unlike many other research areas where the use of standard techniques and off-the-
shelf kits is often sufficient and satisfactory, the study of lymphocyte trafficking requires
considerable expertise. The methods compiled in this volume are contributed by interna-
tionally recognized experts in their respective fields who have many years of experience
notonlyinusingthesetechniquesbutalsointroubleshootingandperfectingthem.Each
chapter contains a step-by-step description of the method and, more importantly, it pro-
vides invaluable tips and tricks to safeguard against potential mishaps and pitfalls. The
volume is introduced by an excellent comprehensive review of the current knowledge of
lymphocytetrafficking,accessibletothenon-specialist.Themethodsinthesechaptersare
divided into three parts. The first part covers state-of-the-art protocols to study lympho-
cyte migration and T-cell–endothelial cell interactions in vitro. The second part covers
various approaches used for the direct visualization of the development of the lymphoid
system, lymphocyte recirculation, and effector responses in experimental models in vivo.
Finally, a third section is dedicated to the study of lymphocyte migration and inflamma-
tion in the human system and how such investigations can lead to the identification of
prognostic markers and the identification of novel therapeutic approaches. We are confi-
dent that this book will be an essential manual for newcomers to this ever-expanding and
excitingareaofresearchaswellasavaluableadditiontomorespecializedlaboratories.
We would like to express our gratitude to all the authors who have made this book
possibleandthankProfessorJohnWalker,theSeriesEditor,forhisguidanceineditingthis
volume. We would also like to express our appreciation to Abigail Woodfin for providing
thecoverartforthisvolume.
F. Marelli-Berg’s lab is generously supported by the British Heart Foundation, The
Gates’FoundationandtheMedicalResearchCounciloftheUK.
S. Nourshargh’s work is supported by generous funds from The Wellcome Trust and
theBritishHeartFoundation.
Please note that additional material for this book can be downloaded from
http://extras.springer.com
FedericaMarelli-Berg
SussanNourshargh
v
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
SECTION I INTRODUCTORYREVIEW
1. HowTCellsFindTheirWayAround . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
AlfHamann
SECTION II MIGRATION OF TCELLS IN VITRO
2. LiveImagingofLeukocyte–EndotheliumInteractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
OlgaBarreiro,FranciscoSánchez-Madrid,andMaríaYáñez-Mó
3. LeucocyteAdhesionUnderHaemodynamicFlowConditions . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CharlotteLawson,MarleneRose,andSabineWolf
4. Influence of Stromal Cells on Lymphocyte Adhesion and Migration
onEndothelialCells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
HelenM.McGettrick,ChrisD.Buckley,G.EdRainger,
andGerardB.Nash
5. DiscriminatingBetweentheParacellularandTranscellularRoutesofDiapedesis . . 69
JaimeMillán, EvaCernuda-Morollón,andSeverineGharbi
6. MonitoringRhoGTPaseActivityinLymphocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
MarouanZarrouk,DavidKillock,andAleksandarIvetic
7. VisualisationofSignallinginImmuneCells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
LeoM.Carlin,KonstantinaMakrogianneli,MelanieKeppler,
GilbertO.Fruhwirth,andTonyNg
8. MethodsforQuantitationofLeukocyteChemotaxisandFugetaxis . . . . . . . . 115
FabrizioVianello,EldaRighi,andMarkC.Poznansky
9. Analysis of CXCR3 and Atypical Variant Expression and Signalling
inHumanTLymphocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
AnnaKorniejewska,MalcolmWatson,andStephenWard
10. TransfectionofIndoleamine2,3DioxygenaseinPrimaryEndothelialCells . . . . 149
PetrosXEMouratidisandAndrewJTGeorge
SECTIONIII MIGRATION OF TCELLS IN VIVO
11. VisualisationofLymphoidOrganDevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
HenriqueVeiga-Fernandes,KatieFoster,AmishaPatel,MarkColes,
andDimitrisKioussis
12. Single-Cell Analysis of Cytotoxic T Cell Function by Intravital
MultiphotonMicroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
ThorstenR.Mempel
vii
viii Contents
13. ImagingInteractions Between the Immuneand CardiovascularSystems
InVivobyMultiphotonMicroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
OwainR.Millington,JamesM.Brewer,PaulGarside,
andPasqualeMaffia
14. ApplyinganAdaptiveWatershedtotheTissueCellQuantificationDuring
T-CellMigrationandEmbryonicDevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
D.Zhu,S.Jarmin,A.Ribeiro,F.Prin,S.Q.Xie,K.Sullivan,
J.Briscoe,A.P.Gould,FedericaM.Marelli-Berg,andY.Gu
SECTION IV MONITORINGT-CELL MIGRATION IN HUMAN DISEASES
15. IdentifyingHomingInteractionsinT-CellTrafficinHumanDisease . . . . . . . 231
PatriciaF.Lalor,StuartM.Curbishley,andDavidH.Adams
16. TrackingAntigen-ExperiencedEffectorTCellsInVitroandInVivo . . . . . . . 253
ClaireL.Gorman,ClaudiaMonaco,EnricoAmmiratti,
Anna-ChiaraVermi,FedericaM.Marelli-Berg,andAndrewP.Cope
17. Preclinical Testing of Strategies for Therapeutic Targeting
ofHumanT-CellTraffickingInVivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
CarolineCoisneandBrittaEngelhardt
SubjectIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Contributors
DAVID H.ADAMS • Liver Research Group, Division of Medicine, Institute of Biomed-
ical Research, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham,UK
ENRICO AMMIRATTI • ClinicalCardiovascularBiologyResearchCentre,Vita-SaluteSan
RaffaeleUniversityandSanRaffaeleScientificInstitute,Milan,Italy
OLGA BARREIRO • Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid,
Spain.
JAMES M.BREWER • Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy &
BiomedicalSciences,UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow,UK
JAMES BRISCOE • Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research,
MRC,London,UK
CHRIS D.BUCKLEY • Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Immune Regu-
lation,TheMedicalSchool,UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,UK
LEO M.CARLIN • Cancer Studies Division/Randall Division of Cellular and Molecu-
lar Biophysics, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Guy’s Medical School
Campus,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK
EVA CERNUDA-MOROLLÓN • Unidad de Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Universitario
CentraldeAsturias,Oviedo,Spain
CAROLINE COISNE • TheodorKocherInstitute,UniversityofBern,Bern,Switzerland
MARK COLES • Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC National Institute for Medi-
cal Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London; Centre for Immunology and Infection,
DepartmentofBiology&HYMS,UniversityofYork,York,UK
ANDREW P.COPE • The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine,
ImperialCollegeLondon,UK
STUART M.CURBISHLEY • Liver Research Group, Division of Medicine, Institute of
BiomedicalResearch, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham,UK
BRITTA ENGELHARDT • TheodorKocherInstitute,UniversityofBern,Bern,Switzerland
KATIE FOSTER • DivisionofMolecularImmunology,MRCNationalInstituteforMedical
Research.TheRidgeway,MillHill,London,UK
GILBERT O.FRUHWIRTH • Cancer Studies Division/Randall Division of Cellular and
Molecular Biophysics, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Guy’s Medical
SchoolCampus,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK
PAUL GARSIDE • CentreforBiophotonics,StrathclydeInstituteofPharmacy&Biomedical
Sciences,UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow,UK
ANDREW JTGEORGE • Department of Immunology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial
CollegeLondon,London,UK
ix
x Contributors
SEVERINE GHARBI • Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de
Biotecnología.CSIC,Cantoblanco,Madrid,Spain
CLAIRE L.GORMAN • Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, The Kennedy
InstituteofRheumatology,London,UK
ALEX P.GOULD • Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research,
MRC,London,UK
YAN GU • Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, MRC,
London,UK
ALF HAMANN • Experimentelle Rheumatologie, CC12, Charité Universitätsmedizin
Berlin,Germany
ALEKSANDAR IVETIC • CytoskeletonResearchGroup,DivisionofCardiovascularSciences,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute,
HammersmithHospitalCampus,DuCaneRoad,London,UK
SARAH JARMIN • Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College
London,HammersmithHospitalCampus,London,UK
MELANIE KEPPLER • CancerStudiesDivision/RandallDivisionofCellularandMolecu-
lar Biophysics, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Guy’s Medical School
Campus,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK
DAVID KILLOCK • Cytoskeleton Research Group, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute,
HammersmithHospitalCampus,DuCaneRoad,London,UK
DIMITRIS KIOUSSIS • Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC National Institute for
MedicalResearch,TheRidgeway,MillHill,London,UK
ANNA KORNIEJEWSKA • DepartmentofPharmacyandPharmacology,UniversityofBath,
ClavertonDown,Bath,Slough,UK
PATRICIA F.LALOR • Liver Research Group, Division of Medicine, Institute of Biomed-
ical Research, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham,UK
CHARLOTTE LAWSON • VeterinaryBasicSciences,RoyalVeterinaryCollege,London,UK
PASQUALE MAFFIA • Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Univer-
sity of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, School of
BiotechnologicalSciences,UniversityofNaplesFedericoII,Naples,Italy
KONSTANTINA MAKROGIANNELI • CancerStudiesDivision/RandallDivisionofCellu-
lar and Molecular Biophysics, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Guy’s
MedicalSchoolCampus,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK
FEDERICA M.MARELLI-BERG • Division of Medicine, Department of Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du
CaneRoad,London,UK
HELEN M.MCGETTRICK • Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Immune
Regulation,TheMedicalSchool,UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,UK
THORSTEN R.MEMPEL • Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Cen-
ter for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Charlestown,MA,USA
JAIME MILLÁN • Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco,
Madrid,Spain
Contributors xi
OWAIN R.MILLINGTON • Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy &
BiomedicalSciences,UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow,UK
CLAUDIA MONACO • Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, The Kennedy
InstituteofRheumatology,London,UK
PETROS XEMOURATIDIS • Department of Immunology, Hammersmith Campus, Impe-
rialCollegeLondon,London,UK
GERARD B.NASH • Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Immune Regula-
tion,TheMedicalSchool,UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,UK
TONY NG • Cancer Studies Division/Randall Division of Cellular and Molecular
Biophysics, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Guy’s Medical School
Campus,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK
AMISHA PATEL • DivisionofMolecularImmunology,MRCNationalInstituteforMedical
Research,MillHill,London,UK
MARK C.POZNANSKY • Infectious Diseases Unit and DFCI/Harvard Cancer Center,
HarvardMedicalSchool,MassachusettsGeneralHospital,Charlestown,MA,USA.
FABRICE PRIN • Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research,
MRC,London,UK
G.ED RAINGER • CentreforCardiovascularSciencesandCentreforImmuneRegulation,
TheMedicalSchool,UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,UK
ANA RIBEIRO • Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research,
MRC,London,UK
ELDA RIGHI • Infectious Diseases Unit and DFCI/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard
MedicalSchool,MassachusettsGeneralHospital,Charlestown,MA,USA.
MARLENE ROSE • VeterinaryBasicSciences,RoyalVeterinaryCollege,LondonNW10TU;
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Harefield Hospital &
HeartScienceCentre,HillEndRoad,Harefield,Middlesex,UK
FRANCISCO SÁNCHEZ-MADRID • ServiciodeInmunología,HospitaldelaPrincesa,Uni-
versidad Autónoma de Madrid; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares,
Madrid,Spain
KATE SULLIVAN • Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research,
MRC,London,UK
HENRIQUE VEIGA-FERNANDES • Division of Molecular Immunology. MRC National
InstituteforMedicalResearch,MillHill,London,UK;ImmunobiologyUnit.,Faculdade
deMedicinadeLisboa,InstitutodeMedicinaMolecular,Lisboa,Portugal.
ANNA-CHIARA VERMI • Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Research Centre, Vita-Salute
SanRaffaeleUniversityandSanRaffaeleScientificInstitute,Milan,Italy
FABRIZIO VIANELLO • Department of Haematology, Imperial College of Medicine,
HammersmithHospital,London,UK
STEPHEN WARD • Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath,
ClavertonDown,Bath;BathRoad,Slough,UK
MALCOLM WATSON • Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath,
ClavertonDown,Bath;BathRoad,Slough,UK
SABINE WOLF • Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street,
London,UK
xii Contributors
SHEILA Q.XIE • MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College
London,HammersmithHospitalCampus,London,UK
MARÍA YÁNEZ-MÓ • Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid,
Spain.
MAROUAN ZARROUK • CytoskeletonResearchGroup,DivisionofCardiovascularSciences,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute,
HammersmithHospitalCampus,DuCaneRoad,London,UK
DAAN ZHU • Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research,
MRC,London,UK