System Software: An Introduction To Systems Programming

537 Pages·1997·5.82 MB·English

by  Leland L. Beck

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

An Introduction to
Systems Programming

Leland L. Beck

380 EvITION

System Software

An Introduction to
Systems Programming,

Third Faition

Leland L. Beck
San Diego State University

Ay ADDISON WESLEY

An negra i A te Lamp te
SyansringEtrt Susan Hasknan
alata Superevor Kathe. Manley
Compton. Pati Oren

Gone Ligier Mnalith Nightingale

Reprinced with corrections, Orobee 1997

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Cover pogcaplcupydighl © Yoichi Napata/ PHOTONIC

May of the designations sa by manutatucee aid eles ko dings thei pod
‘cls are dalmed 4s uademarke Uéhere those Uesartons pp i tun bu ana
‘idsen Wesay wat swace of tademach aim, the darignaons have Been printed
inna cops al cogs.

‘Copyright 1987 by Adelson Winky Tanga Je

Al ight rors. No pact ft publication may be roped stor ina roreva)
"System. or tansmife, in any form or hy any anes, electro, wechanial phot
hp recding ct otherwace, without the price writen pronasam of te plcher
Pred inthe Unita Seated America

4587.89 10—-MA—009898,
To Marla and Kendra

Preface

“Thiet fe a introduction tthe sesign ana implerantation uf vais type of a
re softwe: Acnra Deu ofthe bak i the alonstpbetecen mace achite>
ture tnd system seltce, For example, the sgn uf an seaebler ne mpeg
‘per > geal infumtced by Dh acutectue of te machine on which ites Theat
iatiuence re omphinined and deems tong he new nf shal pit
"putea sollwate fore vay ofa! acs,

[However thor ace also similgities bemwoensuftane foe difarent ystems Fas 0:
spe he bina suture atl desig of sn asembler ie ersentally the sme or most
computers, These rwtamental machine iackepnalnt apace of sofware dng see
‘Sealy ideaed and veparaed from tachinespevic deals

this hind eign ele ll evr enanpliy of machine arcatcture and satan
The principal computer architecuren used 4 examples aoe Pentivm Peo ix),
UlnsBPARC, PowerPC, acd Cray TH Th rst doruses eerie, Medes, compl.
fs, and operating systems for these machines ocusing en the matonship between
frchinesrebitcne and siiware sig. Then ae len rsa sf mulliproestn
30d disicbuled operating stems. and systems sUzucured acconding 1 the client.
ere medal

“Tie sllnn alo includes an aaducin tothe principe of object-oriented pro
zorming. and design. The concept are hatrak by comeing an sb eentnd
‘Tse fo an assenblee Thee are ass examples of object-orenid operating s¥S1em,
fn bie css othe wa lagging, snp ne ron ie ee inm

‘Arnuntte of othe net topics have bewn added in the tied aiion For ample,
the ierdortry chaper cement a rit dieemscign of FASC arehitrrares. The chapter
fon copes includes nes anleil on fate automata ad aluft-educe pusing, ther
fesisiore and clarifications have Been made Sought the ext and HTC ATE MOTE
than new escaes

his books intial primarily for use ae Xt ana ani, eon or erates
level snus in system sollnace ue ste pratima, Mo aleo sual oe wie 484
refines or for Indpendent study The reader [eased to be Souian with th as
Seorbler language fora leat one machine and Wil sors eto for eprnealing
insections and its thin a computer (lar example, acta te exact otis
and U's and 2's complet representation of patie vals). [en aho suet that
the rade far seh te fmplemertaton ae vse ot base data srr, pete
leny linked Uts and ast ables

‘Chapter 1 rontnins 2 brie introduction to the book, and pics a esctiption ofthe
Simplified instructional Compute (SIC) tal nus lo present fundamental ance
seepls Ht lee desis fhe eal machines that ar eet a examples theovghowt the
text Tee machines have vali anftetate ad wer canon a exsp
Ate lara teeny mae and horde sytem’

Chapeer 2 deserves the design and Lnplementalon of ssemblers The baie vos
sept of program necembly are presented in Section 21, sing the SIC machine as 9
ceoching ai These hase asamber fants a characters shuld ean eine
Sally the state, sighnllens af wehat arhion We bring ined Theives The sade 9
"seting pine kom shih o bop the eng ofa aseanble fut 8s of nar
iach. Section 2.2 discusses machine-deperdent eatemntinet the basi IMMtote
fered in Section 21: thie serves 1 emphasize ihe flallonchip between tac a

hectare aut asecnblerdenige ad pswntation Seton 23 melas s member
‘ef achine-bulependertoasember textures. and Section 24 dices soot operant
Stenatves forthe overall suture The ase. Thane lel ana temalives
rent dictated by chine considerations: ney aot ehoieve made by te software de

Sys in such eos. there is ne ane “right” wa of doing things a saflave desire?
Soils bbe arate othe valle cyt invert Bike nlite fr

tose thom. nal Section 25 discusses examples of actus assemlers fora varery
fof ral cumple, Ths provides an ilutatin uf buth machen od

‘hinindepondentwiniations that reinforces the pints mae Im pcviows accions of
thw chapter,

“The some gerezl approach felled in ccsing estes and Finke {Chapter
3), macte processors (Chapter 2, compilocs (Chapter 5), and operating s¥stems
(Chapter 6) nie ratanes ofeach type ot sins ae ccd Gt, Klima By
ddscussions of machina-depencent and mactineindcpendent extensions to the Basic
{batucen Deng aleaives ate en derusned ah exainpes of alu pices of a
swareare presen

"The depo hacuston varias considerably fom we chapler lo another, Chapters
2d ggoe mmnably cumple emeeme of cern linker and lanl ae mateo
proceesors.Txplemnentaton details sich a algorithms and data srucrac, ar als in
lal he atudea should be able to writes working assenbls Inader, Or Magro
Processor fom te outline sapped by the test (Tstemglyracommnt Ut se
Fest asvigned it arcs bated on Os buok)

Chapters 5 and 6 on the ether hand, desl with the mine lege abject of commil=
serv aml ogeatnig ybteme Each of eae paces, bv ae, ean Die abject of many
tert hocks sat obetouly impor fully deans itr te nasil caplet
Instead the gual to give the reader a Dre-bu-nal-supertical overs of comptes
snd uperatingnytestr: The unt injontu dfn eco of Des pes of
eile ace introduced and iste wath oomph. More sooner open ane et
Tana eke ie Cr he eadet who wishes bo exper these 20008 P=
ther, Beense of space lini ment impermetstin details Rave Dect oie.
‘una approach foiswedin Chapter 7, hich discusses databoxe manager yo
From et ana od raston dugg Spe,

‘Chapter &contsins an intredetion fo sottorire engineer cuarepts and tech
rigunn Thi chaphor dom ot alempt 2 caver the Ell cope software engesing
Drictice, Inetend it facoer on tehnigues tht night be mast une vt designing ane
inplcmeting a piace of system software suchas m saver Bis procaural and
bjectorene! meds are dincutned. The goal uf this caper to ove Me =
{dent with a2 of ols and rrthorts hat hrs sh am na altars projec baste
ttn Look, Lhe prevaton of the materi i rcatsely Ivdepralent OF the et af
the tex, Chapter B.crm Be 2eed ar any fn ale th troduction fo assemblers
Section 2

The encroste tha pet at Une ua af sich major chapee ae an ropa part
the test, They ae vine to stmt individual ought and class discs, come
of te qurstins ine open-onted desig problems that have no an “right ane
Mam ol the earner mui the rade tr appl snaept than have ba eaveoed in
the st elending lhe: fo ae situations, Ths ensures thatthe reader Puli wer
‘Stans te principle cal a to pal Hea act pai, 1 ave pur
Tnely su incuded answers co the exercises becanse } Pees sa 9x oh answers
Nolet have the fins fg hog and enetivity cater than stohating

“Tos beck contains ore mate than cam mally be cere im oneaemester
com Thalys the naar a le a varying cep ofemighasa on diferent
{pesto at ne noms of speci evcutam. Tor example fac i tr Ene
2 couror tal deals ely with operabag systems, Ihe Bt Ucoe ay wish Ib ot
Chapter the remaining crapres include enough materia fr = mypial omesementer
ourne, Okie wntrslons nay prefer to sucoe al f fhe mayor chaplews, channating
ome ofthe mere advance ston

Thar that deere te Ue ue of 2 hypothalica omputer (SIC) for
struciaal porpeses Tae ie he Mypotheiol machine priya oie
the ponblen of deslng wate icelvvantcuonplvilies ad "quirke” found en most
teal computer. aio cio separate the Arlamentalemeepty stave sofa
‘Goin ouplementaion lal esoiaed wth 2 prvticulae computer, real machine
‘ond in waching, stadents are aten singin shout whieh share rhararkrien te
thal Joncas aed winch ane singly sannequesss of Ue parecer machine aed
inthe tent

‘A wondary browft lo using a petted mucha Eat all suds Begin on
sal toting So atudent feat an intaedaadartag become he or she happens tobe
“Ohsaae wilh te hardware and snare sperma wea the wt is bose, Uae
four this tobe particularly Umpertant in my coun. wehish tend to aac sees
‘eh have had eprint rally of compote,

inal shot be mote that some of he origina eewere uf this en ei
nally septal about SC, bot changed tev opt alte tng How i ld be ated
aan instwetonal id

‘Ofcourse, students oa vouese ofthis type aed tu be able oie and ran pr
ans forthe machine being sted. SIC simulator and a simple SIC aseember ate
rallable for tn psp. ist ables lane os rp a aay
as hog tay aca had access to a SIC machine ee mot necssoy ose ans AY
[ular eal computee-the simula al avrmBles cn beau om alot ny ap
ing syste tha supports Pascal The SIC supp software is vallable By aoRymous
fp fern aan ssi the fle fcuk Systemoferetar

Many people have given thei time and energy to help make this beter hook The
smanusript fr this deed edion was reviews hy Duna Gusta, Tena eel
University, Donald E. Mecusl, The Lastord Graduate Center. jaseph Siega Kizza,
Unieeraty of Tennesser st Chatty, Thomas We Pap, fe, Ohio Sate Union,
Martina Seholimeyer PhD. Texas AGM Universty-Corpes Chrab, Volt 8 Syratiuk
Unlverty of Tenge at allan. Te orcs and aug Hf Mee recone we
rstomelyhelphu to me iv hing errors and other problems i the MARUSCPL ARS
fens whch rssaln ane of enue, evel my reyposy, ard I al be ery
igre ony reader for pointing out such errs Please send comments aed SURRCS
Kons to me al bucketsalsued

| am indebted to the fie team 2 professionals at Addison-Wesley who helped
sake ts tad wdlion a eeabty My eto Susan Hatin, il a exch of
“nding the weting an reviwing prosestes ana ding Wve development ofthe
pret Kaloy Manley 9a sup heeled pmaduction supervise La watt
Seknowleige the contihuion: uf many others, inching Dat oven, Jolie Donn, see
Tom Zielkowal,
could ike thank Peter Ashen John Caz Susan Gang Bil Miers Bon
Dash ele Sewart atid Falaia Vlahos fr thir aisance in finding reference maierial
fon spicata al debt 9 he tudor eh une previo vers
Ths material 35a ext ana peovied many valuable sungestces.
Loe.
Som Dies, Cabin