synthesis of analog filter using evolutionary strategies

104 Pages·2017·2.46 MB·English

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Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers
10-19-2015
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MAYOKUN OYEJIDE AJIBOYE
University of Windsor
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd
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AJIBOYE, MAYOKUN OYEJIDE, "SYNTHESIS OF ANALOG FILTER USING EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES"
(2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 5449.
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SYNTHESIS OF ANALOG FILTER USING EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES

By
AJIBOYE MAYOKUN OYEJIDE

A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies
Through the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Master of Applied Science
at the University of Windsor

Windsor, Ontario, Canada
2015

© 2015 Ajiboye Mayokun
SYNTHESIS OF ANALOG FILTER USING EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES

by
Ajiboye Mayokun

APPROVED BY:
______________________________________________
Dr. Zhang Guoqing, External Reader
Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering

______________________________________________
Dr. Huapeng Wu, Internal Reader
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

______________________________________________
Dr. Hon Keung Kwan, Advisor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

September 10, 2015
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis
has been published or submitted for publication.
I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s
copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques,
quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my
thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the
standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included
copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of
the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from
the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis and have included
copies of such copyright clearances to my appendix.
I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as
approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this
thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or
Institution.

iii
ABSTRACT

This project is designed to mimic automation of analog filter analysis to examine
some efficient algorithm useful in filter synthesis. The process involves formation
of MNA matrix to create symbolic transfer functions in s domain, continuous and
discrete sizing of LC components using evolutionary algorithms; and finally, the
performance of each algorithm is studied based on fixed error criterion and
adaptability to discrete problem.
Efficiency of the clever algorithms in optimizing piecewise filter response is
ultimately dependent on the quality of the fitness function. A unique measure of
error called Sum of Maximum Deviation (SMD) is implemented which evaluates
the performance of global optimizer by weighing important details per unit sampled
frequency.
From global optimization point of view, it is certain that discrete evolutionary
algorithms lacks the absoluteness of brute force analysis; however, the general
continuous optimization is stretched to accommodate a new proximity estimator
alongside its elementary constraint.

iv
DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis to my LORD – my Helper.

v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like express my honest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Hon Keung Kwan,
for giving me the opportunity to undergo my research work under his supervision.
His guidance and encouragement did a lot in expediting this thesis, I could not have
imagined a better supervisor for my master’s program. I would also like to thank
him for suggesting, introducing, and advising me on this project, MNA-based analog
filter design using evolutionary algorithms.
My sincere thanks also goes to Dr. H. Wu, for his intuitive remarks which impelled
me to explore more ground for my research. I am as well grateful to Dr. Z. Guoqing,
for his concern and support.
Lastly, I would like to specially thank my wonderful parents and loved ones for their
untiring love and encouragement.

vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. iv
DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1
1.1 Analog Filter Design ............................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Elliptic Passive Filter ................................................................................... 3
1.2 Circuit Analysis ..................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Network Function of Filters .......................................................................... 4
1.2.2 Modified Nodal Analysis MNA ..................................................................... 5
1.2.3 Filter Examples Using MNA Formulation .................................................... 8
1.3 Global Optimization ............................................................................................ 10
1.3.1 Continuous Method of Optimization ........................................................... 10
1.3.2 Discrete Method of Optimization ................................................................ 12
1.4 Thesis Objective .................................................................................................. 12
1.4.1 Organization of Thesis ................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 15
2.1 Automation of Electronic Circuit ........................................................................ 15
2.2 Population Based Metaheuristics ....................................................................... 20
2.3 Current Trends in Discrete Component Optimization ........................................ 22
CHAPTER 3 STANDARD APPROACH TO DISCRETE OPTIMIZATION ...... 30
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3.1 Overview of Exhaustive Enumeration Technique ............................................... 30
3.2 Overview of Branch and Bound Technique ........................................................ 31
3.3 Discrete Evolutionary Algorithm ........................................................................ 32
3.3.1 Genetic Algorithm (GA) .............................................................................. 32
3.3.2 Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) ................................................................. 37
CHAPTER 4 MODIFIED APPROACH FOR FILTER DESIGN ......................... 40
4.1 Elements of Objective Formulation .................................................................... 40
4.1.1 Frequency Bands Min-max Approach ........................................................ 41
4.2 Procedures and Examples of Continuous Optimization ..................................... 45
4.2.1 Differential Evolution (DE) ........................................................................ 45
4.2.2 Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMAES) .................... 50
4.2.3 Differential Search Algorithm (DSA) .......................................................... 54
4.2.4 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) ........................................................... 57
CHAPTER 5 DISCRETE COMPONENTS SELECTION .................................... 62
5.1 Proximity Selection in Discretization ................................................................. 62
5.2 Examples of Discretization Techniques .............................................................. 65
5.2.1 Crossover and Mutation (CM) Techniques ................................................. 67
5.2.2 ACO Techniques ......................................................................................... 72
5.2.3 DE with Approximation .............................................................................. 75
5.2.4 CMAES with Approximation ....................................................................... 78
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................... 81
6.1 Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 81
6.2 Further Studies.................................................................................................... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 86
VITA AUCTORIS .................................................................................................. 90

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Components value for 8th order elliptic low pass filter with
fp:1 MHz, fs:1.2 MHz and Rin = Rout = 50 Ω .................................................. 25
Table 3.1 Exhaustive Search Procedure ............................................................ 30
Table 3.2 Parameters for ACO .......................................................................... 38
Table 4.1 DE Pseudo-code ................................................................................ 47
Table 4.2 DE generated LC components for 8th order elliptic low pass filter
with ωp:1 rad/s, ωs:1.2 rad/s and Rin = Rout = 1 Ω ...................................... 49
Table 4.3 CMAES generated LC components for 8th order elliptic low pass
filter with ωp:1 rad/s, ωs:1.2 rad/s and Rin = Rout = 1 Ω ............................. 53
Table 4.4 DSA Pseudo-code [25] ..................................................................... 54
Table 4.5 DSA generated LC components for 8th order elliptic low pass filter
with ωp:1 rad/s, ωs:1.2 rad/s and Rin = Rout = 1 Ω ...................................... 56
Table 4.6 PSO Pseudo-code .............................................................................. 58
Table 4.7 Parameters for PSO ........................................................................... 59
Table 4.8 PSO generated LC components for 8th order elliptic low pass filter
with ωp:1 rad/s, ωs:1.2 rad/s and Rin = Rout = 1 Ω ...................................... 60
Table 5.1 General Parameters for Evolutionary Strategies ............................... 66
Table 5.2 Crossover and Mutation Basic Pseudo-code..................................... 68
Table 5.3 Parameters of Crossover and Mutation ............................................. 69
Table 5.4 CM generated LC components for 8th order elliptic low pass filter
with fp:1 MHz, fs:1.2 MHz and Rin = Rout = 50 Ω .......................................... 70
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