Syntax-Phonology Interface: Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects PDF
Preview Syntax-Phonology Interface: Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects
Syntax-Phonology Interface T his book centers on theoretical issues of phonology-syntax interface based on tone sandhi in Chinese dialects. It uses patterns in tone sandhi to study how speech should be divided into domains of various sizes or levels. T one sandhi refers to tonal changes that occur to a sequence of adjacent syllables or words. The size of this sequence (or the domain) is determined by various factors, in particular the syntactic structure of the words and the original tones of the words. Chinese dialects offer a rich body of data on tone sandhi and are hence great evidence for examining the phonology-syntax interface and for examining the resulting levels of domains (the prosodic hierarchy). Syntax-Phonology Interface: Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects is an extremely valuable text for graduate students and scholars in the fi elds of linguistics and Chinese. Hongming Zhang is a leading expert on tone sandhi, and this book is the culmi- nation of a lifetime of research. Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics Series editor: Hongming Zhang Titles in the series: Clause-Based Chinese Grammar Theory and Analyses ( forthcoming) Fuyi Xing Cognition-Based Studies on Chinese Grammar (forthcoming) Yulin Yuan, translated by Guoxiang Wu Dimensions of Variation in Written Chinese (forthcoming) Zheng-Sheng Zhang Lexical Ontological Semantics ( forthcoming) Yulin Yuan, translated by Guoxiang Wu Mandarin Chinese Words and Parts of Speech Corpus-Based Foundational Studies ( forthcoming) Huang Chu-Ren, Keh-Jiann Chen and Shu-Kai Hsieh Partition and Quantity Numeral Classifi ers, Measurement, and Partitive Constructions in Mandarin Chinese ( forthcoming) Jing Jin Syntax-Phonology Interface Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects Hongming Zhang Syntax-Phonology Interface Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects Hongming Zhang First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Hongming Zhang The right of Hongming Zhang to be identifi ed as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-1-138-93481-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-317-38901-9 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC To Lilly and Louise “All models are wrong, but some are useful.” —George Box (1919–2013) Contents Abbreviations viii Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 Theoretical issues of syntax-phonology interface 4 2 Functional relations in tone sandhi 19 3 The c-command condition in phonology 59 4 Some issues in Mandarin interface studies 105 5 Function words and rhythmic effect 135 6 Theoretical discussions 181 7 Concluding remarks 212 Bibliography 215 Author index 228 Language index 230 Subject index 231 Abbreviations # tonal boundary/phonological process blocked $ citation tone form is kept in tone sandhi () to indicate prosodic structure * ungrammatical form/metrical grid slot [] to indicate syntactic structure = application of a rule 3T third tone 3TS Mandarin third tone sandhi A argument AC Association Convention AP adjective phrase ARG argument ASP aspect AvP adverb phrase BM base melody BT base tone C/COM/Comp complementizer CG clitic group Cl/Cla classifi er CLR column lowering rule CP complementizer phrase CT citation tone CTS clitic tone sandhi CTS-L left-branching clitic tone sandhi CTS-R right-branching clitic tone sandhi DIR directional DM duple meter/direct mapping DP determiner phrase DRA direct reference approach DT default tone E even tone FFR Foot Formation Rule Ft foot FW function word Abbreviations ix GB Government and Binding H high tone HR high register IC immediate constituent Infl infl ection INT interrogative IP infl ectional phrase Iph intonational phrase IRA Indirect Reference Approach L low tone LCC Lexical Category Condition LF logical form LR low register LS locative structure LTS lexical tone sandhi M modifi er/middle tone/undergoing metricalization M˜NM metricalization is optional MaP major prosodic category MH modifi er-head MHa adverbial MH MHb adnominal MH MiP minor prosodic category MOD mood MP Minimalist Program MR reduplicated measure word MRU minimal rhythmic unit n neutral tone NHS non-head stress NM number-measure/not undergoing metricalization NoStr no straddling NP noun phrase O oblique tone OT Optimality Theory P preposition PF phonetic form PP preposition phrase PPh phonological phrase Pr predicate PrP predication phrase PSA Prosodically Syntax-Sensitive Approach PTS phrasal tone sandhi/post-lexical tone sandhi PU phonological utterance PW/PWd prosodic word/phonological word q glottal stop QP quantifi er phrase QR quantifi er raising
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