svalbard og ishavet

160 Pages·2011·8.14 MB·English

DETK ONGELIGEDE PARTEMNET
FOR HANDE,LS JØFATR,I NDUSTRHIA,N DVERKO G FISKERI
NORGES SVALBARD-OG ISHAVS-UNDERSØKELSER
LEDER: ADOLF HOEL
SKRIFTERO M ·SVALBARD
OG ISHAVET
Nr. 62
P. SFC.H OLANDER
VASCULAR PLANTS
FROM NORTHERN SVALBARD
WITH REMARKS ON THE VEGETATION
IN NORTH-EAST LAND
WITH 61 FIGUR IENS THE TEXT,5 PLATES AND 2 lIIAPS
(SCIENTIRFEISCU LTOSF T HE
SWEDISH-RNWOEGIAANR CTIECX PEDITION
INT HES UMMERO F 1931P.A RTX III)
(t---
---
OSLO
I KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD
1934

DET KONGELIGE DEPARTEMENT
FOR HANDEL,S J0FART,I NDUSTRI,H ANDVERK OG FISKERI
NORGES SVALBARD-OG ISHAVS-UNDERS0KELSER
LEDER:A DOLFH OEL
SKRIFTERO M SVALBARD
OG ISHAVET
Nr.6 2
P.F .S CHOLANDER
VASCULAR PLANTS
FROM NORTHERN SVALBARD
WITH REMARKS ON THE VEGETATION
INN ORTH-EASTL AND
WITH61 F IGUREISNT HET EXT5,P LATEASN D2 111APS
(SCIENTIFIRCE SULTS OF THE
SWEDISH-NORWEGIAN ARCTICE XPEDITION
IN THE SUMMER OF 193P1A.RT XIII)
OSLO
I KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD
1934
PRNITED WITHC ONTRIBUTIFROONM
ANDREEFONDAENTDN ANSENFONDET
A.W .B R0GGERS BOKTRYKKERAI! S
Contents.
Page
Prefac.e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..., .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . .5. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .
I.B otanicIanlv estigaitniN oonrst herSnv albard..... ... . . . . . . .7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If.Li sotf B otanicLaolc alities.............................1.1. ..............
IlLE numeratioofn VascuPllaarn tasn dt heiDri strib.ut. .i.o..n. ...........' " 15
Pteridop.h y... t ..a . . ... . .. . . ... . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . ... .. .. . .. . . .. .. ... . . 15
Dicotyled.o.n..e.s. ..... .. .......... .............. . . . . .........." 16
Monocotyled.o n..e.s.... ..... ... ... .................. ....... .. .... 54
Shorts urveoyf someo ft hem ore importafinntd sw,i tha lisotf
thes pecierse achintgh einro rthelrinm iitn t hea reai nvestig1a0t4ed
Listo f somev asculpalra ntcso llecitneW de stS pitsberagnednF rans
Jo sefL an.d . . . . . . . . . . .. ... .. ... ... ... .. ... ..1. 0..5. ... .. . . . . . .
I.V Remarkosn theV egetatiionnN orth-EaLsatn d. ............... .... . . . ... 107
A.V egetatioofnt hen on-dolomairteiac.s . . . . . . . . . .. ..1 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Vegetatioofnt hed olomitairce as...... ... . . . . . . .. ..1 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. Listssh owign thek nownD istribuotfiV oans culaPrl antwsi thitnh eA reai n-
vestigaitne1 d9 3.1. ...............................1.3.5. ...............
ListI .N orthern IslIasnldasn,id nsM urchisonfjoarnddeM no ffen. ...1 35
ListI f.N orth-EaLsatn d.. .................. ................ .. . . . .1 36
LisIt llS.o rgfjoradnednL omfjor.de..n. ................... . . . . . . . .1.4 0
Mapso fD istributPiIo.nI -:V ............ .. ....... ..... ............ . ..... .1 42
Bibliogra. .p.h.y.. .. . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4.7. . .
Indeoxf t heG enerao fV asculaPrl an.t.s.. ............. . ........ ...... ...... 153
Mapso fB otanicLaolc alities

Preface.
In thes ummeorf 1 931I w asg ivetnh eo pportuonfia tcyc ompanying,
aso neo ft heN orwegimaenm berTsh,e S wedish-NorwArecgtiiacn
Expeditiinot nh eS /S" Questt"o N ortEha-stL anda nda djatc en
tracotfsS valbaurndd,e trh el eadersohfiP pr ofesHsaonrs W :son
AhlmanNno.r wegipaanr ticipiantt hieeo xnp ediwtaisoe nn surbeyda
granmta deb yt heN orwegiGaonv ernment.
Theo rigipnlaalno ft hee xpeditwiaosno fa purelpyh ysico­
geographcihcaarla catnedri ,tw asm ainldyu et ot hei nitiaotfmi yv e
frieDnodc,e ntO r.B ernt Lytnhgaaetl, s o bowtaaspn eyr mitttoeb de
represenTtheedp .h anerogaflmooruas witthheai rne ian w hicIhw as
tow orkh asp revioubseleysn t udibeyds everparlo minbeontta nsios ts
thatth ersee emetdo b es ligphots sibifloirat dideisna gn ythinnegwt o
thef acts alreadyT hekm naoiwnon b.j eocftm y botaniwcoarlkw as
tos tudtyh ei ncomplektneolwynb ,u tc omparatriivcelhli,yc hfleonr a
withitnh iesx treamrec tairce aT.h et aswka sa ltlh em orei nteresting
as I hadi nt hep revioyuesa rh adt heo pportunoifts yt udying
thel ichfleonr aof N orth-EGarsete nlaDnudr.i ntgh e1 931e xpedition
therwea sh,o wevears,a rulaem plet imea tm y dispoaslaslfo o r
thee xaminaotfito hner elatipvoeolrby,u ti nterespthiannge,r ogamous
florian n orthernSmvoasltb aarnddi, ti sc hietflhyer esuolftt h iwso rk
whicIha m presenitnitn hgip sa perTh.e l ichswe inlble d eawlitt ihn
a latpeurb lication.
Manya ndg oodp aperhsa vea lreabdeye np ublisohnet dh efl ora
andv egetatoifto hne sree giobnust,a weakf eatuirnem osto ft he
oldewro rksse emtso m e tob et hela cokfd etaialneded x acitn dications
ofl ocaliIttih easst. h erefboereenm y tastko c ollaescm tu chm aterial
asp ossiabnldet hent oe ndeavotuogr i vae statisstuircvaeilyn t he
greatpeossts idbeltea oifml y owna ndp revidoiussc overRieegsa.r ding
North-ELaasntdw itahd jaciesnlta nadnsdS, o rgfjoarnddLe onm fjorden
inW estS pitsbearlgtleh nep ublisdhaetdfa r oema rleixepre ditainodn s
thoseex tractfarboltmeh ee xtensive cionlt lheeBc ottiaonniMscu asle um
ofO sloa reg iveOnn.l yi na f ewc aseassF estucbar achyphyFlelsat,u ca
vivipaPrhai,p psailag idaan dPh ippscioan cin(nian cl.Puccinellia vacillans)
6 P.F .S CHOLANDER
Ih avhea dt hoep portuonfri etvyi sailnstgoh Dea nish maFtoerrti haiIls .
wistho e xpremsysc ordtihaaln tkos tDhier ecotfto hrBe o taniMcuasle um
ofC openhagFeunr.t hIeh ra,v et riteodf orma no pinioonns omeo f
them anyt axonompircoabll ebmesa riunpgo tnh fle orian t hesreeg ions.
I am deepliyn debtteoDd o cenDtr .B ernLty ngaen dD ocenAtd olf
Hoelt,h el eadeorf N orgesS valbarodg- Ishavs-undersofkeolrs er,
arrangmiyn pga rticiipnaT thieSo wne dhi-Nso rwegiAarnc tEixcp edition
of1 931I. am alsvoe rgyr atetfouP lr ofesHsaonrs W :sonA hlmann,
leadoefrt hee xpeditfioorbn e,i nsgo a ccomodaotnia nlgpl o intasn,d
forp ermitmtei ntgoj oitnh ew ell-plaenxnpeedd ition.
FurthIew ri,s tho t endmeyr bestth anktsom y frieDnrd.,O s kar
Kulliwnhgo,l edo urs malgle ological-bbooatptaa nritcfyao,lrt heb est
ofc o-operaatnidfo onr a lwayesn deavoutroit nhgeu tmosttoe nsure
theb espto ssiwbolrek icnogn ditifoonrts h eg eologaiscw aell als t he
botaniicnavle stigaantdiw ohnosh ,a sl ategri vemne valuabaldev ice
witrhe gartdot hem apsa ndg eologdiactagali veinnt hipsa perW.e
cannofitn da dequaatpep reciaotfti hoesn e rviocfea s s.o e xperienced
andh eplf ualr ctsiaci laosSr e vrSiknj elotuerna ,s sistIatin sit n.n os mall
degrdeuee t oh imt haotu rs malsle ctoifot nh eex pediwtaisao bnl wei thout
mishatpoe ffectth em anye xcursiiontn hse swea teirnsa no pebno at.
ProfesJseonrsH olmbohee,a do ft heB otaniMcuasle umo ft he
RoyaFlr ederUinci verosfiO tsyl oh,a sw ithhi su suaclo urtesy placed
altlh ef aciloiftt iheems u seuam tm y dispoasnadlh ,a sg ivemne m ost
valuaabldev idcuer itnhge p rogreosfts h ew orkM.y frieJnodh annes
LidC,u rataotrt heB otaniMcuasle umo fO sloh,a sl ikewriesned ered
me invaluable aisngs iivsitmnaegn t cheeb eneofifth iwsi dken owledge
oft hea rctfliocr aa,n dh e isp erhabpest taecrq uainwtietthdh efl ora
ofS valbatrhdaa nn yo thebro tanist.
Inc ompliawnicteth h ew isheosft heN orgeSsv albarodg-I shavs­
undersokelIsh earv ea dopttehdeN orwegigaeno grapnhaimceaswl,h ich
wilble t hen orme mployiendt hef uture.
Thed rawinfgosrt hipsa pehra veb eenp reparbeyd M issL iv
Barsttahde,m apso fd istribbuytM iiosnsS .F riis-Schwaenndtz heen
geographmiacpasbl y M r.T h.A skheiNmo,r geSsv albarodg- Ishavs­
llndersokeltsoea rlo,l f w homI w histhoe xpremsys t hankAsl.pl h oto­
graphesx,c eopnte ( Fig2.) h,a vbee etna kebnyt hea uthotrh,e" micro"­
photionsa v ersyi mpmlaen nebry t haei odf a Leibtizn ocular microscope
(Greenou1g9h3 2fi)t,t ewdi tah Leit"zLu ccac"a mer4a1 /x2 6 cm.
Accordtiona gg reemtehnetm aterwiiallbl e d istriabsuf toeldl ows:
thefi rscto mplesteetw ilglo t ot heB otaniMcuasle umo fO slot,h e
seconsde ta,s c ompleatspe o ssibtolt eh,Ke l lngliga RiksSmtuosceekt­,
hol.m Duplicwaitleblse s harebde twetehne stew oi nstitutions.
BotaniMcuasle umO,s loN,o vembe1r9 33.
VASCULAR PLANTS FROM NORTHERN SVALBARD 7
I.B otanicIanlv estigaitniN oonrst heSrvna lbard.
Theg rountdh awta sb otanicwaolrlkyei dn 1 391h asp reviously
beenv isitbeyd s evereaxlp editiaonndbs y, manya ndp rominent
botanisThtesf .o lloweixnpge dithiaovneps u blisflhoerdi sdtaitcoa n
North-ELaasntd w itahd jacent iSsolrgafnjdosr,Ld oemnf,j oradnedn
Moffeni sland:
W. E.P arry1 827.
Ourfi rsktn owledogfte h efl orian n orthernSmvoasltb airsdd u e
tot hceo llecmtaidoedn usr iPnagr ry's exipne1 d82i7ti into hne" Hecla",
onw hichhe i ntendveiSdap, i tsbetrogr eena,ct hh eN ortPho lien s maller
crafDtu.r intgh en orthwaprads saogfet hibso apta rtpyh,a nerogams
werceo lleocntU eidg oyaan dW aldenomyaai,n blyyL ieutenCarnotzsi er
andJa mesC .R ossI.nt hem eantitmhese o uthpearrnt ayn,dp articularly
Mr.J amesH alsceo,l lecat feadi ralbyu ndamnatt eraitaH le clahamna
inS orgfjorTdheinsm. a terwiaaslw orkeudp a ndd escribbyeW d. J .
Hooke(r1 82p8. 207-220).
A.E .N ordenski168518d.
On O.T orelfilr'sset x pedittioSo vna lbairntd h ey ach"tFr ith"j,o f
A.E .N ordenskcio6l1lde cat neudm beorf p lan(tsse vpehna nerogams)
inS juoyaanned a lsion a numbeorf l ocalibteiyeosno du rt erritory.
Thimsa terwiaaslw orkeudp a ndp ublisbhyeA d.j .M almgr(e8n16 2)
alonwgi thhi so wnc ollectfiroo.mnh set 1 861 expedition.
A.j .M aIm gr en 1 861a nd1 864.
Theg reaStw edisehx peditiin1o 8n61 int hes choon"eAre olus"
andt hes loop "Magdoapleernaatt"eo da greaetx teintnt hev ery
samet racatssw e dida,n dt heb otaniccoalll ecatrioepn rsi martihley
worko fth ate minebnito loAgi.Js .Mt a,l mgreTnh.el ocalmietniteiso ned
by hima rei ns omei nstanvceersyd ifficuolrti mpossitboll oec ate.
His" Briinnvinsibsia nya "l lli keliihdoeondt iwciatlwh h atw e call
Depotodd-eonn a ccouonftt hed epowthsi cwhe rel aihde rbey t he
1861e xpeditainodan l,s loa teTrh.e d escripotfti hoinps l ac(eeg ..b y
8 P.F .S CHOLANDER
Chydenius p.12 83605- 23a1n dM almgr1e8n6 p2. 2 66a)g reeexsa ctly
witohu rl ocalaintdyt ,h eriesa lsao r emarkacbolnef ormbiettyw een
ther especptliavnelt i sftrso mt haptl acIet.i sn otp ossitbolp el ace
hisl ocaliitniM eusr chisonfwjiotrthdh ,ee xceptoifo" nS ten70/ 7",
whicihs p robabRlayu dstu(pcefCt.h ydeni1u8s6 5p .1 65,1 66)I.t
waso n thee xcurstioo" nS ten(op"e ninnsourltaoh fM urchisonfjord)
onJ ul7y, 1 861t haPta gophielbau rnewaa sf ounbdr eedifnogrt he
firstti meI.ts houlbden otehdo,w evetrh,at th ibsi rwda sn oto bserved
breedihnegr deu rimnyg b riveifs tiott h es outhepranro tft hem ountain.
"Augustiibsai yn"a lplr obabiIldiutnyf jeolnl tehten ortcho asotf
Wahlenbergf(jcofMr.ad lemng r1e8n6 2p .2 67)I.th asb eeinm possible
tod eterminleo ctahleii ntL ioemsf jorwdietnth,h eex cepttihoaTntr isetum
wasf ounadt t heh eado ft hifsj orodn A ugus2t3 ,1 861 byM almgren.
Ina ddittioot nh ep lanctosl lebcytM eadl mgrceonn,t ribuwteiroen s
madea lsboy o themre mberosft hiesx peditoifwo hno,mO .T orellela,rd e
oft hee xpeditainodKn .,C hydenisuhso ulbdem entionTehde.c ollec­
tionasr ed escribbyeA d.j .M almgr(e1n8 6p2.2 29-268).
Fromt he1 864e xpeditiinot nh es choon"eArx eTlh ordseinn" ,
whicMha lmgraegna itno opka r-t thitsi muen detrh el eaderoshfi p
N.D unera ndA .E .N ordensk-ioolndl ytw ofl oweripnlga ntvsi.,z
Equisetusmc irpoiadnedsP uccinelplhiray ganodheasv,be e epnu blished
fromt her egidoena lwti tihn t hipsa pe(rM almgr1e8n6 7p .2 59).
Th.M .F rie1s8 6.8
Undert hel eaderosfhA i.pE .N o rdensktihoeel mdi neSnwte dish
botanTihs.tM ,.F rietso,o pka ritn t heg reeaxtp editthiaoytne airn t he
S/S" SofiaO"f.h ilso calmietniteiso innet dh lei osntp ag1e1 -14I,h ave
notb eena blteo l ocaatney o thetrhsa hni s" BrandewijnSeebpa5ty.," ,
whicihs t hes amea sM almgrelno'csa lDietpyo tod(dcefnF. r ieasn d
Nystro1m8 96 p.1 39)i,na ddittiooN no rdkaapn dC astrenowyhainceh
hev isiotnet dh feo llowdianygsI .c anngoitv aen ye xacitd entificoaft ion
thel ocalMiutricehsi sonSbtaeynW,oa ,h lenberTgrbeauyr,e nberagnbda y,
LommebaTy.h ec ollecwtaisWo Qnr keudp a ndd escribbyeT dh .F ries
(186p9.1 21-144).
A.E .E a0tn 817 .3
As a membeorf C aptaBi.nL eigShm ithe'xsp editiino1 n8 73
in thes teame"rD ianaE"a,t ocno llecatteS dp itsberigne tnr acts
includtihnogsd ee awlitt ihn t hipsa perH.e brougbhatc qku iat ceo n­
sideraabmloeu notf b otanimcaatle rwihailc,ih sp articuvlaalrulaybb yl e
reasoofnh iasc curpaltaeic ned icawtiitohntishn ia sr eaT.h ep hanerogams
werweo rkeudp b yM r.M archaMnoto rea ndp ublisbhyeE da to(n1 876
p.41--44).