Sustainable Urban Development and Globalization: New strategies for new challenges—with a focus on the Global South PDF
Preview Sustainable Urban Development and Globalization: New strategies for new challenges—with a focus on the Global South
Research for Development Agostino Petrillo Paola Bellaviti Editors Sustainable Urban Development and Globalization New strategies for new challenges— with a focus on the Global South Research for Development Series editors Emilio Bartezzaghi, Milano, Italy Giampio Bracchi, Milano, Italy More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13084 Agostino Petrillo Paola Bellaviti (cid:129) Editors Sustainable Urban Development and Globalization — New strategies for new challenges with a focus on the Global South 123 Editors AgostinoPetrillo PaolaBellaviti Department ofArchitecture andUrban Department ofArchitecture andUrban Studies Studies Politecnico di Milano Politecnico di Milano Milano Milano Italy Italy Additionalmaterialtothisbookcanbedownloadedfromhttp://extras.springer.com. ISSN 2198-7300 ISSN 2198-7319 (electronic) Research for Development ISBN978-3-319-61987-3 ISBN978-3-319-61988-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61988-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017953813 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface This publication concerns the multidisciplinary set of studies, researches and projects developed in recent years within the Laboratory for International Cooperation of the Department of Architecture and Urban Studies (DAStU) of Politecnico di Milano and particularly in relation with the Post-graduated Programme “Coopera(c)tion: Knowledge and skills for sustainable cities in the Global South”, promoted by the Laboratory from the academic year 2013–2014. The Programme was organised in collaboration with many local, national and international institutions: POLISOCIAL of Politecnico di Milano, UNESCO Chair inEnergyforSustainableDevelopment(PolitecnicodiMilano),UNESCOChairin Architectural Preservation and Planning in Heritage Cities (Politecnico di Milano, MantuaCampus),UNESCOChairinUrbanandRegionalPlanningforSustainable Local Development (University of Ferrara), Architecture Sans Frontières Italy, Engineers Without Borders Milan. The Programme was designed to promote a culture of international cooperation among students, scholars and professionals of spatial planning, architecture, urban designandlandmanagement,inordertoraiseawarenessabouttheneedofaglobal urban knowledge and to nurture a tendency to find common solutions to deal with the challenges posed by the major environmental, social and cultural changes brought about by globalisation in cities and territories. In the deeply re-articulated scenario of changing relations between the Global NorthandtheGlobalSouth,theoldparadigmofinternationalcooperationintended asaidbytheNorthtotheSouthoftheworldhasdeclinedandcooperationistoday meant as exchange and sharing of knowledge and practices, in order to proceed towards a more inclusive and sustainable model of development drawn on jointly addressed issues concerning urbanisation and the built environment. Actually the worldwide,massiveandrapidurbangrowthandtherelatedgrowingsocialdemand for quality and equity assigns specifically to architecture, urban planning and territorial governance the responsibility of bringing out this new paradigm of internationalcooperation,forthesharingof“knowledgeandskillsthatmakecities and urban settlements inclusive, secure, resilient and sustainable”, one of the key goals of the Agenda for sustainable Development 2030. v vi Preface The Programme Coopera(c)tion implemented such a philosophy through a multidisciplinary project drawn on the current lines of study, field researches and experimentalprojectsontheGlobalSouthproducedinternationally.Awiderangeof topics was investigated, including: new forms of socio-spatial inequality; spatial conflicts;informalurbanisation;informaleconomies;strategiesfor slumup-grading; inclusive urban management; buildingtechniquesfor informalcontexts; projectsfor the protection and enhancement of cultural heritage in the territories in transition; strategies and technologies of access to primary resources (soil-water-energy-food); territorial risks assessment, mitigation and management; new technologies for development and social innovation; capacity building; empowerment and local governance. Thepublicationoffersawideoverviewofstudies,researchesandprojectsrelated to these topics and fields of intervention, presented by a large number of teachers of the programme—equipped with different disciplinary backgrounds: they are architects, urban planners, urban sociologists, engineers, etc.—and organised following the thematic modules of the same programme, where the different competences and approaches interact on the same issues. ThevolumealsocontainstheresultsofamultidisciplinaryWorkshoporganised “on the field” (Johannesburg 2015) to give the opportunity to the students of the programmeandotherinternationalstudentsandyoungprofessionalstoexperiment the theoretical approach and the research methodologies on urban development inspired by the principles of socio-ecological sustainability and collaborative governance. Finally, a selection of the final project works and reports developed by students of the Programme Coopera(c)tion is presented in the Extra materials online platform attached to the volume. The interest and the quality of this publication depend to a large extent on the commitmentofthislargegroupofteachers,researchers,professionalsandstudentswho have all contributed to the implementation of the three editions of the Post-Graduate Coopera(c)tionProgramandtheproductionofsuchalargeandarticulatedcomplexof studies and projects. As curators of the book, we want to thank them first and foremost. We would also express our special thanks to the Director of the Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Prof. Gabriele Pasqui, and the Delegate of the Rector for Cooperation and Development of the Politecnico di Milano, Prof. Emanuela Colombo, for the great support given to the project and the activities of the Laboratory of International Cooperation and of the Post-graduate Program Coopera(c)tion. OurthanksgoalsotoothercolleaguesofDAStUwhohavecollaboratedwithus in the Scientific Committee of the Laboratory and that of the Post-graduate Programme, contributing to their direction and development: Eleonora Bersani, Gian Luca Brunetti, Antonella Contin, Giuliana Costa, Anna Delera, Remo Dorigati, Maria Cristina Giambruno, Camillo Magni, Marcello Magoni, Maria Chiara Pastore, Antonio Tosi and Francesco Chiodelli (GSSI-Gran Sasso Science Preface vii Institute). Special thanks to Rachele Radaelli for her fundamental support to structuring, organisation and management of the Programme. Other thanks go to all the academic, institutional, and NGO partners, national and international, who have collaborated on the research experiences, projects and seminars developed by the Laboratory of International Cooperation and presented in the Post-graduate Programme Coopera(c)tion, many of which are mentioned in the essays included in this volume. Here we canonly remember theinternational expertswithwhomwe developed the Workshop in Johannesburg, which allowed us to realise an international sci- entificcooperationexperienceofgreatinterestandhighprofile,widelydocumented inthevolume:theteachersandresearchersattheUniversityoftheWitwaterstrand (Philippe Harrison, Marie Huchzermayer, Noeleen Murray, Garret Gantner, Alex Wafer, Costanza La Mantia, Kristen Kornienko), Roberto Rocco (Technical University Delft), Antje Stockman (Stuttgart University), Chris Harnish (PhiladelphiaUniversity),MohamedSalheen(AinShamsUniversity),Montgomery Narsoo (Governace Consultant to the South African National Department of Human Settlement), Diane Arvanitakis (South African National Department of Housing), Jhono Bennet (University of Johannesburg; 1to1—Agency of Engagement)andBlancaCalvo(CORK/SouthAfricanShakDwellersInternational Alliance; 1to1—Agency of Engagement). Finally, we would like to thank Daniele Fabrizio Bignami of Fondazione Politecnico di Milano for supporting us in submittingthe volume in the “Research for Development” series of Springer International Publishing. Milano, Italy Agostino Petrillo Paola Bellaviti Contents Sharing Knowledge for Change. Universities and New Cultures of Cooperation: Transnational Research and Higher Education for Sustainable Global Urban Development .. .... .... .... ..... .... xiii Agostino Petrillo and Paola Bellaviti Part I Urban Growth and Rising Socio-spatial Inequality: Research Pathways and Approaches to Urban Planning and Governance Development Against Sustainability? Marrakech as a Case Study. . . . . 3 Laura Montedoro Metropolitan Public Realm Frameworks for Coastal East African Urbanization: The Case of Malindi Waterfront as Socio-Ecological Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Alessandro Frigerio Mobile Urbanity in Southern Africa. The Socio-Spatial Practices of Informal Cross-Border Traders Between Johannesburg and Maputo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Paola Piscitelli Humanizing Urbanism. On Embracing Informality and the Future of Johannesburg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Costanza La Mantia Urban Planning in Islamabad: From the Modern Movement to the Contemporary Urban Development Between Formal and Informal Settlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Daniele Beacco Pacification of Favelas, Mega Events, and the Creation of New Inequalities in the Global South: The Case of Rio de Janeiro . . . . . . . . 75 Sebastian Saborio and Giuliana Costa ix x Contents The Role of State Involvement in Slum Improvement: A Critical Examination of Cofopri Approach into a Peripheral Barrio of Lima, Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Nilva Karenina Aramburu Guevara UndergrowthUrbanism:TheRoleofUser-GeneratedPracticesinthe InformalCity.AMethodologyforAnalysisandInterventionBasedon the Case Study of Paraisópolis in São Paulo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Valentina Mion Share for Care. Communication Technologies and Social Inclusion for Empowerment in Guayaquil, Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Veronica Vasilescu, Francesca Vigotti and Andrea Cominola Enhancing Participation Through ICTs: How Modern Information Technologies Can Improve Participatory Approaches Fostering Sustainable Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Domenico Vito Part II Design Strategies and Building Techniques for Development in Marginal and Rural Areas Architectural Design in the Cities of the Global South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Camillo Magni Bioclimatic Design for Informal Settlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Gian Luca Brunetti HousinginAfricanRuralContexts:TheNubianVault.Opportunities for the Economic Market in the Rural Savannah Environments . . . . . . 173 Emilio Caravatti National Public Primary Schools Strategic Planning: AKey Factor to Ensure Quality Education Enrollment in Developing Countries. . . . . . . 189 Luca Bonifacio The Tourism as Local Development Leverage: The Restaurant/Guest house of Olga’s and the Professional School YCTC in Livingstone, Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Lidia Diappi The Mantra of Modernity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Maddalena d’Alfonso and Jacopo Galli
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