Sustainable and Smart Spatial Planning in Africa: Case Studies and Solutions

323 Pages·2022·27.228 MB·English

by  Charles Chavunduka, Walter Timo de Vries, Pamela Durán-Díaz

Sustainable and Smart
Spatial Planning in Africa

Sustainable and Smart
Spatial Planning in Africa
Case Studies and Solutions
Edited by
Charles Chavunduka, Walter Timo de Vries, and
Pamela Durán-Díaz
First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Chavunduka, Charles, editor. | Vries, Walter Timo de, editor. |
Duran Diaz, Pamela, editor.
Title: Sustainable and smart spatial planning in Africa: case studies and
solutions / edited by Charles Chavunduka, Walter Timo De Vries, and
Pamela Duran Diaz.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021054283 | ISBN 9781032118420 (hbk) |
ISBN 9781032118437 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003221791 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: Smart cities — Africa. | Sustainable urban
development — Africa. | Land use — Africa.
Classification: LCC TD159.4.S88 2022 | DDC 307.76096 — dc23/eng/20211116
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021054283
ISBN: 978-1-032-11842-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-11843-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-22179-1 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003221791
Typeset in Times LT Std
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
Foreword �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix
Acknowledgements ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xi
About the Editors ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xiii
Contributors List ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xv
SECTION I Sustainable and Smart
Spatial Planning in Africa: Introduction
Chapter 1 Sustainable and Smart Spatial Planning in Africa:
Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
Charles Chavunduka, Walter Timo de Vries and
Pamela Durán-Díaz
SECTION II Theory of Sustainable
and Smart Spatial Planning
Chapter 2 Stocktaking Frameworks for the Planning and Development
of Smart Cities �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11
Tafadzwa Mutambisi and Charles Chavunduka
Chapter 3 ‘Smart City’ Concept and Its Implications for Urban Planning
Systems in African Cities �������������������������������������������������������������������25
Ephraim Kabunda Munshifwa and Niraj Jain
Chapter 4 Transformation Pathways to Smart Villages: Lessons from
Mulenzhe Village in Limpopo Province of South Africa �������������������41
Emaculate Ingwani, Madilonga Trevor Mukwevho, Trynos
Gumbo and Masala Thomas Makumule
Chapter 5 Smart Growth and New Urbanism, a Sustainable Approach
towards Urban Redevelopment: Case of Chivhu ���������������������������������55
Monalissa Kaluwa, Chipo Mutonhodza and Leonard Chitongo
v
vi Contents
Chapter 6 Trans-Border Spatial Planning: Assessing the Musina–
Beitbridge Twinning Agreement between South Africa and
Zimbabwe ...........................................................................................69
Shylet Nyamwanza, Peter Bikam and James Chakwizira
SECTION III Context and External Drivers
of Sustainable and Smart Spatial Planning
Chapter 7 Transnational Land Governance for Sustainable Development:
A Comparative Study of Africa and Latin America ..........................89
Pamela Durán‑Díaz
Chapter 8 Are We There Yet? Prospects and Barriers to Implementing
Smart City Initiatives in Harare, Zimbabwe .....................................107
Abraham R. Matamanda
Chapter 9 Smartness in Developing Liveable Informal Settlements:
The Case of Hopley in Harare ...........................................................121
Morgen Zivhave and Collins Dzvairo
SECTION IV Goals and Practices of
Sustainable and Smart Spatial Planning
Chapter 10 The Urban Laboratory: A Case of Data Mining and
Management for the Successful Hosting of Smart Settlements
in Zimbabwe ......................................................................................141
Innocent Chirisa, Valeria Muvavarirwa and Fungai N. Mukora
Chapter 11 Opportunities and Constraints of Solar Harvesting as a
Sustainable and Resilience Strategy in Zimbabwe: The Case
of Nyangani Renewable Energy, Mutoko District .............................153
Enock G. Mukwekwe, Leonard Chitongo and Godwin K. Zingi
Chapter 12 Infrastructure Projects Design Versus Use in Local Authorities:
A Case Study of Banket Small and Medium Enterprises Mall
in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe ...................................169
Moses Chundu
Contents vii
Chapter 13 Towards Responsive Human Smart Cities: Interrogating Street
Users’ Perspectives on Spatial Justice on Street Spaces
in Small Rural Towns in South Africa ..............................................183
Wendy Wadzanayi Tsoriyo, Emaculate Ingwani,
James Chakwizira and Peter Bikam
Chapter 14 Synchronising the Spatial Planning Legislative and
Administrative Frameworks of Mining and Other Human
Settlements in Zimbabwe ..................................................................197
Audrey Ndarova Kwangwama, Willoughby Zimunya and
Wiseman Kadungure
SECTION V Methods and Tools for
Sustainable and Smart Spatial Planning
Chapter 15 The Contribution of Spatial Planning Tools towards Disaster
Risk Reduction in Informal Settlements in South Africa .................213
Juliet Akola, James Chakwizira, Emaculate Ingwani
and Peter Bikam
Chapter 16 Geographic Information Systems for Smart Spatial Planning
and Management: Managing Urban Sprawl in Harare
Metropolitan, Zimbabwe ..................................................................229
Tendai Sylvester Mhlanga and Fiza Naseer
Chapter 17 Appraisal of E-Waste Management Approaches in
Zimbabwean Cities ...........................................................................245
Takudzwa M. Matyatya, Willoughby Zimunya
and Tariro Nyevera
Chapter 18 Three-Dimensional Layout Planning in the Context of
Zimbabwe’s Planning Profession: Scope, Fears
and Potentialities ...............................................................................257
Brilliant Mavhima
Chapter 19 From Two-Dimensional to Four-Dimensional Layout Design:
A Necessary Leapfrog in Zimbabwean Urban Planning .................269
Brilliant Mavhima
viii Contents
Chapter 20 An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Material Waste
Management Techniques in the Construction Industry of
Zimbabwe: A Case of Harare and Bulawayo ...................................283
Crytone Kusaziya and Yvonne Munanga
SECTION VI Future of Sustainable and
Smart Spatial Planning in Africa
Chapter 21 Furthering Sustainable and Smart Spatial Planning
in Africa ...........................................................................................299
Charles Chavunduka, Walter Timo de Vries
and Pamela Durán‑Díaz
Index ......................................................................................................................305
Foreword
The centrality of spatial planning in all societies is indisputable. Spatial planning
is critical to the sustainable development of a nation as it has the ability to touch on
environmental and socioeconomic facets that shape how nations develop. All the 17
sustainable development goals (SDGs) have a direct or indirect relation to spatial
planning and the New Urban Agenda identifies it as an important lever for promot-
ing sustainable development and improving the quality of life. Sustainable and smart
spatial planning is, therefore, a critical focus for the development agenda and related
interventions.
Sustainable and smart spatial planning, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, is
important for various reasons. First, the UN-Habitat estimates that by 2030, the
region’s urban population will account for over half of the total population and will
require infrastructure, social services, affordable housing and employment oppor-
tunities, which all depend upon effective spatial planning. Second, spatial planning
systems inherited from colonial epistemologies of rational spatial planning are not
suitable for current African realities of rapid change and increased uncertainty.
Third, the UN-Habitat estimates that a staggering 62% of the urban population in
sub-Saharan Africa lives in slums characterised by, among other things, overcrowd-
ing, lack of access to clean water, health facilities and poor waste disposal. It is,
therefore, opportune to reflect on alternative planning paradigms that could better
suit current and future realities.
Inadequate spatial planning has dire consequences for human settlements in sub-
Saharan Africa. It contributes to informal spaces and spatial inequalities as elites
benefit from access to land and capture most of its value while the majority are disen-
franchised. It promotes environmental degradation, with weak controls on land use
and natural resources. Weak spatial planning also leads to inadequate investments
and poor-performing property taxation systems that rob governments of much-
needed revenues.
These effects have been worsened by COVID-19, which by its nature has been
restrictive to planning processes. The challenge of the virus brings to society a
deliberate consciousness that global processes and events are converging (borders
are porous) while local embeddedness is being entrenched through practices like
lockdowns and confinement. At the same time, the virus brought opportunities that
may impact future sustainable and smart development as practitioners and academia
adopt new ways of working.
This volume brings together scholarship from different disciplines to discuss sus-
tainable and smart spatial planning from an interdisciplinary perspective. It is pleas-
ing to notice that most of the contributors are African authors. The book is aimed at
readers studying spatial planning, international development, development studies,
geography, geoinformatics and professionals and policy makers concerned with spa-
tial and land use planning.
Readers will benefit from this book through its elaboration of the link between
global initiatives on sustainable and smart human settlements including HABITAT II,
ix