Surface Production Operations: Volume III: Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems

1090 Pages·2015·91.57 MB·English

by  Maurice Stewart

Volume III
Surface Production Operations

Surface Production
Operations
Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems
Volume III
MAURICE STEWART
Principal, Stewart Training and
Consulting LLC, McLean, Virginia, USA
AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON
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Dedicated tomywife Dyah,
myson Chad,
and inmemory ofmyparents Mauriceand BessieStewart.

Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Overview of facility piping and pipeline systems 1
I. I Overview 1
1.2 Introduction to piping design and projects 2
1.3 Types and functions of facility and pipeline systems 4
1.4 Facility design considerations 6
1.5 Typical facility piping design project 7
1.6 Offshore considerations 13
Further reading 16
2 Piping standards, codes, and recommended practices 17
2.1 Overview 17
2.2 ASME B3 I. I power piping 32
2.3 ASME B3 l .3 process piping 40
2.4 ASME B3 I .4 pipeline transportation systems for liquids 104
2.5 ASME B3 l .8 gas transmission and distribution piping
systems 134
Further Reading 158
3 Material requirements: Piping materials 159
3.1 Background 159
3.2 Ferrous metal piping 162
3.3 Nonferrous metal piping 170
3.4 Plastic pipe 171
3.5 Insulating materials 176
3.6 Overview of ASME B3 l Code requirements 177
Further Reading 190
4 Piping system components 193
4.1 Fittings 193
4.2 Valves 224
4.3 Pressure ratings 276
viii Contents
4.4 Review questions 292
Further Reading 299
5 Engineering drawings: data sheets and symbols 301
5.1 Engineering drawings 301
5.2 Data sheets 315
5.3 Symbols 319
5.4 Flow plan arrangement 334
Further reading 341
6 Fluid flow and pressure drop 343
6.1 Introduction to facility piping and pipeline systems 343
6.2 Introduction to fluid flow design 345
6.3 Fluid flow principles 347
6.4 Fluid types 348
6.5 Fluid characteristics 349
6.6 Flow conditions 362
6.7 Special considerations 368
6.8 Networks 370
6.9 Fluid head, friction losses, and Bernoulli's equation 371
6.10 Pressure drop-flow rate equations 386
6.11 Head loss in valves and pipe fittings 448
6.12 Review questions 459
Further Reading 469
7 Choosing a line size and wall thickness 471
7.1 Choosing a line size 471
7.2 Determining wall thickness 484
Further Reading 546
8 Relief, vent and flare disposal systems 549
8.l Introduction 549
8.2 Relief device selection 551
8.3 Procedures for sizing 581
8.4 Relieving pressure 588
8.5 Sizing for gas or vapor 592
8.6 Sizing for steam relief 598
8.7 Sizing for liquid relief: PRYs requiring capacity certification 599
8.8 Sizing for liquid relief: PRVs not requiring capacity
certification 602
8.9 Sizing for two-phase liquid/vapor relief 604
8.10 Sizing for fire 604
8.11 Installation considerations 610
8.12 Disposal-system design 619
Contents ix
8.13 In-class exercises 635
Further Reading 637
9 Piping system design: Layout, supports, and piping vessels and
equipment 639
9.1 Design preparation 639
9.2 Design procedure 639
9.3 General piping requirements 641
9.4 Pipe supports 652
9.5 Anchor blocks 656
9.6 Manifolds 659
9.7 Foundation integrity 665
9.8 Facility piping details 666
9.9 Piping vessels and equipment 673
9.10 Control valve loops 688
9.11 Piping machinery 689
9.12 Gas engines 693
9.13 Steam turbines 694
9.14 Reciprocating compressors 695
9.15 Vent lines 701
9.16 Compressor cylinder jacket cooling waterlines 701
9.17 Drain lines 701
9.18 Exhaust lines 701
9.19 Centrifugal pumps 702
9.20 Reciprocating pumps 705
9.21 Storage tanks 708
9.22 Special piping considerations 711
9.23 Review questions 724
Further Reading 729
10 Pipe expansion and flexibility 731
10.1 Pipe stress considerations 731
10.2 Weight stress 731
10.3 Internal pressure stress 734
10.4 Thermal stress 735
10.5 Requirements for stress analysis 749
10.6 Quick check method 755
10.7 Expansion piping 766
10.8 Pipe dynamics 774
10.9 Reciprocating compressors 776
10.10 Surge bottle 777
10.11 Reciprocating pumps 784
10.12 Symbols and units 805
10.13 Review questions 806
Further Reading 812