Table Of ContentSupercomputing
in
Engineering
Analysis
NEW GENERATION COMPUTING
Series Editor
Hojjat Adeli
Department of Civil Engineering
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
1. Super-computing in Engineering Analysis, edited by Hojjat Adeli
2. Parallel Processing in Computational Mechanics, edited by Hojjat Adeli
Supercomputing
in
Engineering
Analysis
edited by
Hojjat Adeli
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York • Basel • Hong Kong
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Supercomputing in engineering analysis / edited by Hojjat Adeli.
p. cm. -- (New generation computing; 1)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8247-8559-2 (alk. paper)
1. Engineeering-Data processing. 2. Supercomputers. 3. Vector
processing (Computer science) 4. Parallel processing (Electronic
computers) I. Adeli, Hojjat. II. Series.
TA345.S87 1991
620'.00285'41 l-dc20 91-25607
CIP
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 1992 by MARCEL DEKKER, INC. All Rights Reserved
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming,
and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without per-
mission in writing from the publisher.
MARCEL DEKKER, INC.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Preface
This is the first volume in the series New Generation Computing. Contributed by
leading researchers, the volumes in the series are aimed at the most recent
advances in computer science and new and emerging computer technologies.
This volume as well as the second volume of the series, Parallel Processing in
Computational Mechanics, concentrate on high-performance computing using
the new generation of computers with vector and parallel processing capabilities.
These machines have provided the means to tackle problems not readily tractable
on traditional computers. The volumes are introductory in nature and are intend-
ed primarily for an engineering audience. They are also valuable for computer
scientists and software developers.
The first six chapters of this volume present general aspects of supercom-
puting from both hardware and software engineering points of view. In the first
chapter parallel computing in distributed computing systems is presented as an
effective way of building a wide range of supercomputing applications and
providing a flexible user environment for scientists and engineers. Chapter 2
presents a thorough comparative description of advanced architecture computers
that are available commercially, with an emphasis on architectures that use some
form of parallelism. Various VLSI architectures for engineering supercomputing
are reviewed in Chapter 3. The topic of benchmarking supercomputers and
minisupercomputers is discussed in Chapter 4. An overview of principles and
techniques for automatic vectorization and parallelization of numerical FOR-
iii
iv PREFACE
TRAN programs on both shared-memory and distributed-memory architectures
is given in Chapter 5. These techniques can be applied to a wide range of
engineering problems. Chapter 6 presents supercomputing with data-driven
wavefront array processors, with an emphasis on the direct hardware implemen-
tation of a matrix procedure for solution of a linear system of equations, which
is ubiquitous in engineering disciplines. This chapter concludes with remarks on
the simulation of the phenomenon of the propagation of the waves.
Chapter 7 presents homotopy algorithms, which are particularly suitable for
highly nonlinear problems for which initial solution estimates are not readily
available. Such nonlinear systems of equations are encountered in numerous
engineering problems. Homotopy algorithms are inherently parallel to a great
extent and therefore suitable for implementation on parallel architectures.
Commercial finite-element software packages with thousands of subroutines
are used extensively for analysis of many complex engineering problems. Ac-
curate modeling of these problems with tens of thousands of degrees of freedom
may require an inordinate amount of computational resources. Consequently,
efficient implementation of finite-element programs is an important problem,
which is discussed in Chapter 8.
Fluid mechanics has important applications in several engineering disci-
plines: mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, and civil engineering.
Parallel computations of complex engineering flows are described in Chapter 9.
Chapter 10 presents modeling of multiphase, multicomponent fluid flow through
porous media and reservoir simulation on a supercomputer.
The topics of supercomputing and parallel processing are akin to each other.
Therefore, the volume Parallel Processing in Computational Mechanics, which
covers such topics as finite element analysis on supercomputers and parallel
solution of fluid mechanics problems, should be considered an accompanying
volume to this book.
Hojjat Adeli
Contents
Preface Hi
Contributors vii
About the Editor xi
1. Supercomputing in the 1990s: A Distributed Solution 1
S. Ashley Burns and Charlie F. Bender
2. Advanced Architecture Computers 19
Jack Dongarra and Iain S. Duff
3. VLSI Architectures for Supercomputing 63
Tse-yun Feng and Chuan-lin Wu
4. Benchmarking Super- and Minisupercomputers 111
Wolfgang Gentzsch
5. Automatic Restructuring for Parallel and Vector Computers 135
Hans Zima and Barbara Chapman
6. Supercomputing with Data-Driven Wavefront Array Processors 169
David John Evans and Michael P. Bekakos
vi CONTENTS
7. Homotopy Algorithms for Engineering Analysis 199
Layne T. Watson and Manohar P. Kamat
8. Optimization of Finite-Element Software Systems
on Supercomputers 261
Louis Komzsik
9. Parallel Spectral Computations of Complex Engineering Flows 289
George Em Karniadakis and Steven A. Orszag
10. Supercomputing in Reservoir Simulation 325
Richard E. Ewing
Index 361
Contributors
Michael P. Bekakos received his Ph.D. from the Parallel Algorithms Re-
search Centre of the Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough,
England. He is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Applied
Informatics at the Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens,
Greece. He has published papers on parallel processing and systolic algorithms.
Charlie F. Bender received his Ph.D. from University of Washington in 1968.
He is currently Director of the Ohio Supercomputer Center and Director of the
Office of Research Computing at The Ohio State University. His previous ap-
pointments include Director of the Advanced Computational Methods Center at
the University of Georgia and Head of the Chemistry and Materials Science
Department at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. He is the author of over 115
research and technical publications.
S. Ashley Burns has written about large-scale computing for a variety of
technical publications. She is the Manager of Information Systems at the Ohio
Supercomputer Center.
Barbara Chapman is on the faculty of the Computer Science Department
at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, where she teaches courses in
compiler construction, parallel systems, and programming methods for parallel
computers. She is the co-author of the book Supercompilers for Parallel and
Vector Computers. Her research interests are in algorithms and programming
vii
