Substate Dictatorship: Networks, Loyalty, and Institutional Change in the Soviet Union PDF
Preview Substate Dictatorship: Networks, Loyalty, and Institutional Change in the Soviet Union
the yale-hoover series on authoritarian regimes YY77770055--GGoorrlliizzkkii..iinnddbb ii 44//11//2200 22::4455::4422 PPMM This page intentionally left blank SUBSTATE DICTATORSHIP NETWORKS, LOYALTY, AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN THE SOVIET UNION YORAM GORLIZKI AND OLEG KHLEVNIUK Hoover Institution Stanford University Stanford, California New Haven and London 0000--YY77770055--FFMM..iinndddd iiiiii 44//66//2200 99::2244::1155 AAMM Copyright © 2020 by Yale University and the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. All rights reserved. Some material from chapter 7 fi rst appeared in “Scandal in Riazan: Networks of Trust and the Social Dynamics of Deception,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 14 (2): 243–78, and is published here in revised form with the permission of Slavica publishers. Some material from chapter 10 fi rst appeared in “Too Much Trust: Regional Party Leaders and Political Networks under Brezhnev,” Slavic Review 69 (3): 676–700, © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, 2010, and is published here in revised form with the permission of Cambridge University Press. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] (U.S. offi ce) or [email protected] (U.K. offi ce). Set in Sabon and Berthold City Bold types by Newgen North America. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019955507 ISBN 978-0-300-23081-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 YY77770055--GGoorrlliizzkkii..iinnddbb iivv 44//11//2200 22::4455::4422 PPMM To Vera YY77770055--GGoorrlliizzkkii..iinnddbb vv 44//11//2200 22::4455::4433 PPMM This page intentionally left blank Contents A Note on Usage ix Introduction 1 Part I. Stalin 1. Substate Dictators 29 2. Authoritarian Checks and Balances 59 3. Inside the Nomenklatura 92 Part II. Interregnum 4. Moscow, Center 119 Part III. Khrushchev 5. The New Art of Survival 145 6. Substate Nationalism 171 7. Scandal in Riazan 194 8. Administrative Revolution 226 Part IV. Brezhnev 9. The New Course 255 10. Party Governors 279 vii YY77770055--GGoorrlliizzkkii..iinnddbb vviiii 44//11//2200 22::4455::4433 PPMM viii Contents Conclusion 303 Appendix A: A Note on Dictatorship 311 Appendix B: Units of Analysis 315 Appendix C: Sample 317 Appendix D: Political Networks 322 Appendix E: Archival Sources 324 Appendix F: The Nomenklatura 326 Appendix G: Regional Party Elections 328 Appendix H: Coding Rules 331 Glossary 333 Notes 337 Bibliography 397 Acknowledgments 429 Index 431 YY77770055--GGoorrlliizzkkii..iinnddbb vviiiiii 44//11//2200 22::4455::4433 PPMM A Note on Usage The Soviet Union was a multiethnic and multilingual state. For most senior party offi cials who managed the Soviet regions Russian was the default language of offi cial communication. As a rule we have translit- erated from Russian the spellings of names and have used contempo- rary Russian place-names rather than the current non-Russian ones, so, for example, Lviv appears as L’vov and Moldova as Moldavia. At the same time, some of the non-Russian republics covered in the book saw the emergence of a proto-national movement which favored the use of local languages in informal and occasionally in public commu- nications. Here the choice of which language to transliterate names from is a matter of judgment. In two cases, Latvia in the 1950s and Lithuania in the 1960s, we have, on balance, chosen to transliterate names from their spellings in the local languages. When transliterating from the Russian we have, with the exception of well-known names such as Beria, used the Library of Congress system of transliteration. Although for most Russian words we have retained the soft sign, in order to improve readability we have dropped the fi nal soft sign from those words, such as Riazan and oblast, which appear in the text with particular frequency. ix YY77770055--GGoorrlliizzkkii..iinnddbb iixx 44//11//2200 22::4455::4433 PPMM
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