study on soil, crop and ground water quality in musi river irrigated areas using gis tools

184 Pages·2016·22.03 MB·English

STUDY ON SOIL, CROP AND GROUND WATER
QUALITY IN MUSI RIVER IRRIGATED
AREAS USING GIS TOOLS

BY

KRISHNAVENI YAMALI
B. Sc. (Ag.)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G.RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(IRRIGATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT)

CHAIRPERSON: Dr. K. AVIL KUMAR

WATER TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD-500 030
ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
June, 2012
STUDY ON SOIL, CROP AND GROUND
WATER QUALITY IN MUSI RIVER
IRRIGATED AREAS USING GIS TOOLS

KRISHNAVENI YAMALI
B.Sc. (Ag.)

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(IRRIGATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT)

2012
CERTIFICATE

Ms. KRISHNAVENI YAMALI has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research
and that the thesis entitled “STUDY ON SOIL, CROP AND GROUND WATER
QUALITY IN MUSI RIVER IRRIGATED AREAS USING GIS TOOLS” submitted
is the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high standard to warrant its
presentation to the examination. I also certify that the thesis or part thereof has not been
previously submitted by him for a degree of any University.

Date: (Dr. K. AVIL KUMAR)
Place: Chairperson
DECLARATION

I, KRISHNAVENI YAMALI have satisfactorily prosecuted the course of
research and that the thesis entitled “STUDY ON SOIL, CROP AND GROUND
WATER QUALITY IN MUSI RIVER IRRIGATED AREAS USING GIS
TOOLS,.” submitted to the Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University for the degree
of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE is the result of original research
work done by me. It is further declared that the thesis or part thereof has not been
published earlier in any manner.

Date:
Place:

(KRISHNAVENI YAMALI)
RAM/10-78
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “STUDY ON SOIL, CROP AND
GROUND WATER QUALITY IN MUSI RIVER IRRIGATED AREAS USING
GIS TOOLS” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE of the Acharya N.G. Ranga
Agricultural University, Hyderabad, is a record of the bonafide research work carried
out by Ms. KRISHNAVENI YAMALI under my guidance and supervision. The
subject of the thesis has been approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee.

No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The
published part has been fully acknowledged. All the assistance and help received
during the course of the investigation have been duly acknowledged by the author of
the thesis.

(Dr. K. AVIL KUMAR)
Chairperson of the Advisory Committee

Thesis approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee.

Chairman : (Dr. K. AVIL KUMAR)
Senior scientist (Agronomy)
Water Technology Centre
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 030.

Member : (Dr. M. UMADEVI)
Principal scientist (SSAC)
Water Technology Centre
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 030.

Member : (Dr. M. DEVENDER REDDY)
Ex-Director ,
Water Technology Centre
College of Agriculture, ANGRAU
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030

Date of final viva-voce:
LIST OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

I INTRODUCTION

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III MATERIALS AND METHODS

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

LITERATURE CITED
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have great pleasure in expressing my sincere and heartful thanks to
Dr. K. AVIL KUMAR, Senior Scientist (Agronomy), Water technology centre,
ANGRAU and Chairman of my advisory committee, for her continuous untiring
help, valuable guidance, kind treatment and constructive criticism have instilled in
me the spirit of confidence and deep sense of respect and gratitude. The keen
interest, abundant encouragement she has imported to me throughout my
research work is invaluable and because of which I have been able to successfully
complete the work assigned to me.
I am very much indebted to Dr. M. DEVENDAR REDDY, Ex-Director,
Water technology centre, ANGRAU and member of Advisory Committee for his
caring help, valuable suggestions and encouragement.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. M. UMA DEVI, Principal scientist,
Department of Agricultural Water Management and member of Advisory
Committee for offering her support, kind help, guidance and assets of knowledge
during the research studies.
I express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to Dr. V. Praveen Rao
(Head) and Dr. A. MANI, Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural
Engineering, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad for their kind
help and guidance throughout the research work.
I also feel great pleasure to express thanks to Dr. V. RAMULU Senior
Scientist (Agronomy), Water Technology Centre, College of Agriculture,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, for his suggestions, encouragement and indefatigable
interest throughout my research work.
I am in dearth of words to express my sense of gratitude to my beloved
parents Smt. Y. Lakshmi and Sri Y. Simhachalam and my family members,
Pavan, Harish, Likitha, Lokesh, Teja, Kishore, Ramarao, Lakshmi for their
blessings, love, affection and valuable moral support throughout my life.
I would like to acknowledge the constant assistance provided by my
colleagues Pavan Kumar Reddy and Vijay Kumar. I extend my warmest thanks
to my department SRFs, all other members of the department, non teaching
staff, my seniors Uday Kumar, Vara Prasad, maha lakshmi and my juniors
Mahita, Aditya, Chandu and Harikrishna. I owe a lot to my dear friends
Ramani, , Keerthana, Balamani, Prasuna Rani, Rekha, Radhika, Jhansi.
I wish to extend my thanks to one and all who have contributed directly and
indirectly even in a small way in the completion of my research.
I am highly thankful to the Government of Andhra Pradesh for providing
financial assistance in the form of stipend during my post-graduation.
Finally, a very special appreciation is due to my husband (Jeevan Reddy) not
only for his invariable support and encouragement but also for his endurance and
understanding the whole time. Without his wholehearted support, completion of
this study would not have been possible.

Date: (Y. KRISHNAVENI)
LIST OF PLATES
Plate Title Page
No. No.
3.1 Collection of soil samples in Musi anicut command area of
Nalgonda District
3.2 Collected soil samples from anicut command area, Nalgonda
district
3.3 Collecting the canal water sample from Musi anicut canal
3. 4 Crop cut experiment in command area of Musi anicut

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
S No. Title
No
Location map of Pillaipalli and Bhemilingam anicuts of Musi command
3.1
area, Nalgonda district, AndhraPradesh
Mandal wise rainfall data of the study area during 2011
3.2
3.3 Meterological Data of the study area
3.4 Study area on merged toposheets of 56 K/7, K/11, O/3
Location map of soil and water samples collected in Bhemilingam
3.5
Anicut
Location map of soil and water samples collected in Pillaipally Anicut
3.6
Flow diagram of importing of toposheets in ERDAS software
3.7
Flow diagram of rectification of toposheets in ERDAS imagine software
3.8
3.9. Flow diagram of mosaicing of toposheets in ERDAS imagine
3.9 software
Preparation of vector layer (shape file) of study area boundary, tanks
3.10
using Arc GIS
3.11 Subsetting of the study area to boundary in ERDAS imagine soft ware
Preparation of point map related to sampling site in Arc GIS
3.12
Preparation of water quality and soil fertility mapping using the
3.13
krigging tool in Arc GIS soft ware
3.14 Flow diagram for preparation of map layout using Arc Map
4.1 Frequency distribution of water quality parameters in canal water of
Pillaipally anicut during kharif, 2011
Frequency distribution of water quality parameters in canal water of
4.2
Bheemalingam anicut during kharif, 2011
Spatial distribution of pH of canal water in command area of Pillaipally
4.3
and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of EC of canal water in command area of Pillaipally
4.4
and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of SAR of canal water in command area of
4.5
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of RSC of canal water in command area of
4.6
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of chlorides of canal water in command area of
4.7
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Frequency distribution of water quality parameters in ground water of
4.8
Pillaipally anicut during kharif, 2011
Frequency distribution of water quality parameters in ground water of
4.9
Bheemalingam anicut during kharif, 2011
Spatial distribution of pH of ground water in command area of
4.10
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of EC of ground water in command area of
4.11
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of SAR of ground water in command area of
4.12
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of RSC of ground water in command area of
4.13
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution of chlorides of ground water in command area of
4.14
Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Frequency distribution of soil (0-15 cm) quality parameters in command
4.15
area of Pillaipally anicut during kharif, 2011
Frequency distribution of soil (0-15 cm) quality parameters in command
4.16
area of Bheemalingam anicut during kharif, 2011
Spatial distribution pH of soils irrigated with canal and ground water in
4.17
command area of Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicuts
Spatial distribution pH of canal and ground water irrigated soils of
4.18
Pillaipally anicut command area
Spatial distribution organic carbon of canal and ground water irrigated
4.19
soils of Pillaipally anicut command area
Spatial distribution available N of canal and ground water irrigated soils
4.20
of Pillaipally anicut command area
Spatial distribution available P of canal and ground water irrigated soils
4.21
of Pillaipally anicut command area
Spatial distribution available K of canal and ground water irrigated soils
4.22
of Pillaipally anicut command area
Spatial distribution of rice yield variations in soils irrigated with canal
4.23 water in Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicut command areas

Spatial distribution of rice yield variations in soils irrigated with ground
4.24 water in Pillaipally and Bheemalingam anicut command areas