Study guide for Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of nursing : concepts, process, and practice, tenth edition

2016·53.49 MB·English

PREFACE
Students entering the field ofnursing have a tremendous amount to learn in a very short time.
This concise study guide has been developed to help you learn and apply key concepts and
procedures, and master critical thinking skills based onKozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of
Nursing, Tenth Edition.
On the nursingpearsonhighered.comwebsite youwill find a variety ofactivities such as Case
Studies and Application Activities thathelp you apply concepts to clinical scenarios.
In addition, each chapter ofthis study guide includes a variety ofquestions and activities to
help you comprehend difficult concepts and reinforce basic knowledge gained from textbook
reading assignments. The following is a list offeatures included in this edition that will enhance
your learning experience:
0 Key Term Review help you review the important terms in each chapter.
0 Key Topic Review exercises contain matching, fill—in-the—blank, and true/false questions
on key terms and key topics from each chapter.
0 Focused Study Tips help you recall the important nursing concepts from each chapter.
0 Case Studies provide clinical settings for critical thinking and the opportunity to apply
learned processes and procedures.
0 Review Questions are NCLEX®—style questions to help you prepare for the NCLEX®.
0 Answers with complete rationales are included in the answer key to provide immediate
reinforcement and to permit you to check the accuracy ofyour work.
It is our hope that this study guide will serve as a valuable learning tool and will contribute to
your success in the nursing profession.
Preface iii
CONTENTS
Chapter Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice ..............................................1
Chapter Evidence-Based Practice and Research in Nursing .........................................7
Chapter Nursing Theories and Conceptual Frameworks ............................................13
Chapter Legal Aspects ofNursing ..................................................................................18
Chapter Values, Ethics, and Advocacy ..........................................................................26
Chapter Health Care Delivery Systems .........................................................................31
Chapter Community Nursing and Care Continuity .....................................................36
Chapter Home Care .........................................................................................................40
Chapter Electronic Health Records and Information Technology .............................44
Chapter 10 Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning ......................................................49
Chapter 11 Assessing ............................................................................................................54
Chapter 12 Diagnosing .........................................................................................................59
Chapter 13 Planning .............................................................................................................64
Chapter 14 Implementing and Evaluating .........................................................................69
Chapter 15 Documenting and Reporting ............................................................................73
Chapter 16 Health Promotion ..............................................................................................78
Chapter 17 Health, Wellness, and Illness ...........................................................................83
Chapter 18 Culturally Responsive Nursing Care ..............................................................87
Chapter 19 Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities ...................................92
Chapter 20 Concepts ofGrowth and Development ...........................................................97
Chapter 21 Promoting Health from Conception through Adolescence .........................101
iv Contents
Chapter 22 Promoting Health in Young and Middle-Aged Adults ................................106
Chapter 23 Promoting Health in Older Adults ................................................................110
Chapter 24 Promoting Family Health ...............................................................................114
Chapter 25 Caring ..............117
Chapter 26‘ Communicating ...............................................................................................121
Chapter 27 Teaching ...........................................................................................................126
Chapter 28 Leading, Managing, and Delegating .............................................................131
Chapter 29 Vital Signs ........................................................................................................136
Chapter 30 Health Assessment ..........................................................................................142
Chapter 31 Asepsis ..............................................................................................................148
Chapter 32 Safety ................................................................................................................154
Chapter 33 Hygiene ............................................................................................................160
Chapter 34 Diagnostic Testing ...........................................................................................166
Chapter 35 Medications .....................................................................................................172
Chapter 36 Skin Integrity and Wound Care ....................................................................178
Chapter 37 Perioperative Nursing ....................................................................................184
Chapter 38 Sensory Perception .........................................................................................190
Chapter 39 Self-Concept ....................................................................................................195
Chapter 40 Sexuality ...........................................................200
Chapter 41 Spirituality .......................................................................................................206
Chapter 42 Stress and Coping ...........................................................................................212
Chapter 43 Loss, Grieving, and Death ..............................................................................218
Chapter 44 Activity and Exercise ......................................................................................223
Contents v
Chapter 45 Sleep .................................................................................................................229
Chapter 46 Pain Management ...........................................................................................235
Chapter 47 Nutrition ..........................................................................................................241
Chapter 48 Urinary Elimination .......................................................................................247
Chapter 49 Fecal Elimination ............................................................................................253
Chapter 50 Oxygenation .....................................................................................................259
Chapter 51 Circulation .......................................................................................................265
Chapter 52 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid—Base Balance ...................................................271
Answer Key ......................................................................................................277
vi Contents
CHAPTER 1
HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY
NURSING PRACTICE
KEY TERM REVIEW
Match eachterm with its appropriate definition.
1. Caregiver . Degree ofwellness orwell—beingthatthe client
experiences
2. Casemanager
. Role the nurse assumes to help clients learn
3. Client
abouttheirhealth andthe health care
4. Clientadvocate
procedurestheyneedto perform to restore or
5. __Communicator maintain theirhealth.
6 7 ,Consumer ‘. Process ofhelping aclientto recognize and
cope with stressfulpsychological orsocial
7. Continuing education (CE)
problems; to promotepersonal growth
8. Counseling
. Process bywhichpeople learnto become
9. Demography members ofgroups and societies
10. Florence Nightingale
. Influences others toworktogetherto
11. Governance accomplish a specific goal
12. # HarrietTubman . Anoccupation thatrequires extensive education
13. Health g. Recipientofnursing care
14. In-service education . Arolethattraditionally included those activities
that assistthe clientphysically
15, Leader
'. Nursingrole ofpleading the cause ofaclient
16. Manager
17. _fifiProfession '. Nurse who works withthe multidisciplinary
health careteam to measure the effectiveness of
18. PatientSelf—Determination Act(PSDA)
the case managementplan andto monitor
l9. Professionalism outcomes.
20. Socialization . A role thatrequires knowledge about
organizational structure, leadership, advocacy,
21. Standards ofPractice
delegation, supervision, and evaluation
22. # Standards ofProfessional Performance
. An individual who is skilled atcommunication
23. Teacher
and conveying concepts
24. Telehealth
25. Telenursing
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2 CHAPTER 1 / Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
m.An individual, agroup ofpeople, ora . Describe behaviors expected intheprofessional
communitythatuses a service orcommodity nursingrole
. Refers to formalized experiences designed to A specific type ofCE program offeredby an
enhancetheknowledge orskills ofpracticing employerthatis designed toupgrade the
professionals knowledge or skills ofemployees, as well as to
validate continuing competence in selected
. The studyofpopulation, including statistics
procedures and areas ofpractice
aboutdistribution by age and place ofresidence,
mortality (death), andmorbidity (incidence of . Refers toprofessional character, spirit, or
disease) methods; asetofattributes, awayoflifethat
implies responsibilityand commitment
. Alsoknown as the “Ladywith the Lamp”; work
during CrimeanWarestablished hospital and '. Provided care and safetyto slaves fleeing tothe
procedurereform North duringthe Civil WarontheUnderground
Railroad
The establishmentand maintenance ofsocial,
political, and economic arrangementsbywhich . Use ofmedical informationexchangedfrom
practitioners control theirpractice, theirself- one site to anotherviaelectronic communica-
discipline, theirworking conditions, andtheir tions to improve thepatient’s health status
professional affairs
. The use oftelecommunications andinformation
Requires that everycompetent adultbe technologytoprovide nursingpractice at a
informed inwriting on admissionto ahealth distance
care institutionabouthis orherrightsto accept
. Describethe responsibilities forwhichnurses
orrefuse medical care andto use advance
are accountable
directives
KEY TOPIC REVIEW
1. The fourfunctions identified within the scope ofnursing practice are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Therole ofreligious orders in the developmentofnursing includes:
a. instillingthevalues ofhardwork.
b. influencingthe imageofnursing.
c. identifying an increased need fornurses.
d. imprintingtheprofession as involvinghardwork.
e. improvingthe status ofnursing.
3. The contemporary nursing leaderwho definednursing is:
a. ClaraBarton.
b. Florence Nightingale.
c. LindaRichards.
d. VirginiaHenderson.
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CHAPTER 1 / Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice 3
4. Anurseregisteredtopractice in one state is relocatingto anotherneighboring state. Whatshouldthis nurse do
to ensurethe abilityto work as anurse in thenew state?
a. Nothing. The nurse is registered as anurse.
b. Contactthe state’s departmentofnursing.
c. Enroll in a school ofnursing in the new state.
(1. File thepaperworkto take the new state’s nursing licensing examination.
5. Fromthe following list, selectthe definition that bestdefines these terms:
a. Caregiver f Helps the client modify behaviors.
b. Communicator _This can be providedbythe nurse ordelegatedto someone else.
0. Teacher _ Supervises and evaluatesperformance.
d. Client advocate #__Usesthe outcomes ofscientific studyto improvethedeliveryofcare.
e. Counselor _Actsto protectthe client.
f. Change agent _Influences others toworktogetherto reach acommongoal.
g. Leader __Done verballyorwritten.
h. Manager _Care is orientedto the clientand controls costs.
i. Case manager __Helps promote personal growth.
j. Research consumer iAAssesses readinessto learn.
6. Theterms usedto identifytherecipients ofnursing are:
a.
b.
c.
7. Ofthe followingnursingroles, select the ones that provide more autonomywithinthepractice ofnursing.
a. Nurse anesthetist
b. Staffnurse onanorthopedic unit
0. Operatingroomnurse
d. Clinicalnurse specialist
e. Nurse in aphysician’s office
8. Theprocess anurseundergoes in an efforttobe viewed as an integral memberofthe discipline ofnursing is
termed
9. A nurse is interested inparticipating withtheAmerican NursesAssociation. Participatingwiththis
organization is an example of:
a. autonomy.
b. governance.
0. extended education.
(1. service.
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4 CHAPTER 1 / Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
10. The purpose ofnursing students workingtogetheron projects is to:
a. begin theprocess ofsocialization into the profession.
b. get more workdone faster.
c. help each otherthrough difficultcourses.
(1. make new friends.
ll. Thepayments forhospital services implemented by Medicare are termed (DRGs).
12. A nurse who provides care to a client overthe telephonewill needto:
a. obtain licensure inthe client’s state ofresidence.
b, take acourse in telenursing.
c. findoutifthe client’s state is one ofmutualrecognitionforlicensure.
d. do nothing.
13. The Patient Self-DeterminationActrequires thatevery clientbe providedwith and
14. a,programs are the responsibility ofall nurses to maintain constantprofessional updating
and growth.
FOCUSED STUDY TIPS
1. Why is it importantto reviewthe history ofnursing as one ofthe first steps in the education ofa new nurse?
Whatvalue does understandingthe historyofnursing provide to the contemporary nursing student?
. What arethe characteristics ofa profession? How doesnursing address each ofthese characteristics?
. What areBenner’s five stages ofnursingpractice? In which stage is anurse consideredproficient? Why?
. How have economics, consumerdemands, and the family structure impactedthe profession ofnursing?
. A nurse whohas been intheprofession forover25 years does not knowhowto operate acomputer. What
suggestions doyou have to help this nurse? Whyshouldthis nursebe concernedwiththe inabilityto utilize
currenttechnology?
Identifythereasons forthe currentnursing shortage. Howwill this affectthe future educationofnewnurses
enteringtheprofession?
The nurses inahospital are contactinga laborunion. Whydo you thinkthenurses are contacting this union?
Whatbenefits will be gainedbyworkingwithaunion? Whatdisadvantages are associatedwithnurses
working with aunion?
. What do SigmaThetaTau andthe Association ofColleges ofNursing (ACN)representinnursing? Whatare
the differencesbetweenthetwo organizations andwhatare the similarities? Which organization offers
continuingunits fornurses? Compare these organizations with others such as the AmericanNursing
Association (ANA) and the American AcademyofColleges inNursing (AACN).
Why is itimportant fornurses to practice undera license? Why is a standardized licensing exam appropriate
forall nurses?
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CHAPTER 1 / Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice 5
CASE STUDY
A clientwith adult-onset asthmais attemptingto quithis two-pack-per-daytobacco habit. The nurse, who has been
practicing for4 years, is assisting the clientwith supportive measures to improve his health status. Thenurse is
discussingthe plan ofcarewith the physician.
1. Whatrole is the nurse acting in byrepresentingthe client’sneeds andwishes and assisting the client in
behaviormodification plans?
2. The nurse is intheprocessofassistingthe clienttorecognize andcopewithboth theasthmacondition andthe
tobacco cessationprogram. Thenurse isactingas achange agent, andwhat otherrole isthenurserepresenting?
3. Accordingto Benner’s stages ofnursing expertise, inwhatstage is the nurse functioning?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. A female is considering acareeras anurse becauseofthe aspects ofcaring and nurturing. This individual is
usingwhich factorofnursingto baseherdecision?
1. Women’sroles
2. Religion
3. War
4. Economics
2. A registered nurse is considering additional education sothat she can provide nonemergentacute care in an
ambulatory clinic. This nurse is consideringwhich expanded careerrole?
1. Nurse anesthetist
2. Clinical nurse specialist
3. Nursepractitioner
4. Nurse administrator
3. A nurse is able toprovide careto several complex clients and focuses onthose items thatare the most
important. Withinwhich stage ofBenner’s stages ofnursingexpertise is this nurse functioning?
1. StageII
2. Stage III
3. StageIV
4. Stac
4. The organization recentlyaddedanew wingto the hospital. What factoris likelyto be influencingthis
organization relatedtothe nursing shortagetheyare experiencing?
1. Agingworkforce
2. Agingpopulation
3. Increased demand fornurses
4. Workplace issues
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6 CHAPTER 1 / Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
5. Which ofthe following actions performedbyanorganizationwouldbest improvethe image ofnursing?
l. Offering scholarshipsto high school studentsto attendnursing school
2. Television commercials showing nurses anddoctorsproviding care together
3. Aprintadvertisementwith the statement“Nursing~The hardestjob you’ll ever love”
4. An ANA-sponsored radio commercial explainingtherole ofnurses in society today
6. Thenurse, who is working in a well-baby clinic, administers routine immunizations andrecognizesthis as
practicing within what areaofnursing practice?
1. Promotinghealth andwellness
2. Preventing illness
3. Restoringhealth
4. Providing careto the dying
7. While attending acontinuing education seminar, severalnurses from different states are discussingtheirindi—
vidual staterequirements fornursing licensure. Whichofthe following is the one commonthreadbetween all
ofthe states’ departments ofnursing?
1. Protectthe public.
2. Furthernursing education.
3. Obtain continuing education contacthours.
4. Gain specialization.
8. Anewnursing studentisdisappointedbecause classes so farare focusedon topics such as communication and
planning, and shewantedtobe anurseto “provide care.”This nursing student is describingwhichrole ofthe
nurse?
1. Teacher
2. Clientadvocate
3. Caregiver
4. Counselor
9. The studentnurse is learninghow to fit intothenursingprofessionby learning the rules defining relationships,
thebehaviorexpectedofanurse, andto seetheworldin amannersimilarto othernurses. This is known as:
1. case management.
2. professionalization.
3. socialization.
4. governance.
10. The nurse moves to a new area ofthe countryand learns the new areahas manypeople ofSouth African
descent, ahigher incidence ofhypertension, andpeople whose average age is 37. This information wouldbe
considered:
1. news.
2. health statistics.
3. atargeted areaofstudy.
4. demography.
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