Studies on Geocalycaceae VII. Subspecific differentiation of Chiloscyphus semiteres together with further refinements on Chiloscyphus (s. lat.)

5 Pages·1992·2.2 MB·English

by  J J Engel

Contr.Univ.Mich.Herb. 18:107-111. 1992.
STUDIESONGEOCALYCACEAEVII.
SUBSPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATIONOFCHILOSCYPHUS
SEMITERESTOGETHERWITHFURTHERREFINEMENTS IN
CHILOSCYPHUS (S. LAT.)
JohnJ. Engel
DepartmentofBotany
FieldMuseumofNaturalHistory
Chicago,IL60605,U.S.A.
Chiloscyphussemiteresisapan-southtemperatespeciesoccurringintheAus-
tralasian, American and African sectors (Fig. 1). The species occurs in variable
frequencies in different parts ofits range. It is veryrare in the Falkland Islands
(Engel, 1990),probablylackingintheMagellanianzoneofsouthernSouthAmer-
ica(IdidnotrecorditfortheBrunswickPeninsula[Engel, 1978],andthefewother
Magellanianrecordsaresuspect),andsomewhatcommonintheValdivianzoneand
onJuanFernandez.IntheAfricansectorthespeciesisrestrictedtoCapeProvince,
South Africa, where apparently it israthercommonjudgingfrom the numberof
specimen citations in Grolle (1959). The species is of variable frequency within
Australasia:itisrathercommoninNewZealand,butinTasmaniaandAustraliaC.
semiteres is one ofthe most common orperhapsthemostcommon hepatic. The
speciesalsooccursintheoceanicIslesofScilly(Paton, 1965)andScotland(Long,
1982).
Chiloscyphussemiteresischaracterizedbya)undivided,entireleavesthatare
broadly rounded to truncate at the apex; b) conspicuous, deeply divided un-
derleavesthatfrequentlyareasymmetricallyinsertedandhavethelaminalmargin
oneachsidewithaprocessgradingfromdentiformtolobuliform;andc)avariable
gynoecial position: some to many on short lateral-intercalary branches lacking
normalleaves,whileothersareonterminalbranchesandmainshoots.
ThespeciesexhibitssubspecificdifferentiationonlyintheAustralasiansector,
whereitmaybeseparatedintotwovarietiesasfollows:
KeytoVarietiesofChiloscyphussemiteres
1. Underleafdisclateral armaturewell-developed: mostlylaciniatetolobu-
late; trigones minute to small, only occasionally medium and straight-
sided;underleavesoften 1.5-3x stemwidth;plantstranslucent
C.semiteresvar.semiteres
1. Underleafdisclateralarmature reduced: mostlydentiformtociliiformor
lacking, only sporadically small-laciniiform; trigones normally large and
bulgingtoknotlike (inshadeformsmediumandstraight-sidedtoweakly
bulging);underleavesnormally 1-1.5x stemwidth;plantsduU-opaquc
C.semiteresvar.canaiiculatus
Chiloscyphussemiteres(Lehm.)Lehm.&Lindenb.var.semiteres
Jungermanniasemiteres Lehm., Linnaea4: 363. 1829; Chiloscyphussemiteres
(Lehm.) Lehm. & Lindenb. in G. L. & N., Syn. Hep. 190. 1845;
107
o
Chiloscyphussemiteres(Lehm.)Lehm&Lindenb.
• var.semiteres
A var.canaliculatus(Hook.f.&Tayl.)Engel
FIG.1. DistributionofthetwovarietiesofChiloscyphussemiieres.
1992 ENGEL:CHILOSCYPHUS 109
Lophocolea semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 16: 188. 1877.
OriginalMaterial. South Africa: Cape Prov., (Cap. BonaeSpei), ''la-
tereorientalimontisTeufelsbcrg",Ecklon(G!).
Plantstranslucent.Trigonesminutetosmall,occasionallymediumandstraight-
sided,2.4-4.8/xm, the ratiooftrigonediametertolengthofinterveningthinwall
between trigones 1:2-5.6. Underleaf disc often 1.5-2x stem width; the lateral
armaturewelldeveloped:mostlylaciniiform,attimeslobuliform.
Distribution:Pan-southtemperate(Fig. 1).
Chiloscyphussemiteresvar. canaliculatus (G. L. & N.) Engel, comb. &stat. nov.
Chiloscyphus canaliculatus G. L. & N., Syn. Hep. 710. 1847; Jungermannia
canaliculataHook.f.&Tayl.,LondonJ.Bot.3:563.1844,horn,illeg.,nonJ.
canaliculata Nees, Hep. Javanicae 10. 1830; Lophocoleaheterophylloides
var. canaliculata(G. L. & N.)Carring. & Pears., Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc.
Tasmania1887:51.1888;Lophocoleacanaliculata(G.L.&N.)Steph.,Bull.
Herb.Boissier6(9):786. 1906(=Spec.Hep.3;86)—.Lectotype{nov.).New
Zealand: "FallsofWaitangi",Hookers. n. (FH! c. per. + S).
Plantsdull-opaque. Trigonesnormallylargeandbulgingtoknotlike, inshade
forms medium and straight-sided to weakly bulging, (4.8-)6-7.2(-8.4) /xm, the
ratiooftrigonediametertolengthofinterveningthinwall between trigonesvari-
able: l:(0.9-)1.2-2.6(-3.2). Underleafdiscusually 1-1.5x stemwidth;thelateral
armature reduced: mostly dentiform to ciliiform or lacking, only sporadically
small-laciniiform.
Distribution: NewZealand,TasmaniaandsoutheastAustralia(Fig. 1).
FURTHERREFINEMENTSINCHILOSCYPHUS
1)SuBSPECiFicDifferentiationofChiloscyphusnovae-zeelandiae
ThispolymorphicspeciesoccursinNewZealand,TasmaniaandsoutheastAus-
tralia. Itmaybesubdividedintothreeunits,asfollows:
a)Chiloscyphusnovae-zeelandiaevar.novae-zeelandiae
Jungermannia novae-zeelandiae Lehm. & Lindenb. in Lehmann, Nov. Min.
Cogn. Stirp. Pug. 6: 33. 1834; Lophocolea novae-zeelandiae (Lehm. &
Lindenb.)Nees/// G. L. & N.,Syn. Hep. 168. 1845; Chiloscyphusnovae-
zeelandiae(Lehm. & Lindenb.)Engel&Schust.,NovaHedwigia39:420.
1984[1985]. OriginalMaterial.NewZealand: SouthIs.,DuskyBay.s.
coll. [Menzies](BM!,G!,S![2],exhb. Hooker—c. per.).
b)Chiloscyphus novae-zeelandiaevar. meridionalis (Steph.) Engel, comb. & stat.
nov.
LophocoleameridionalisSXcph.,Bull.Herb.Boissier6(10):888.1906(^Spec.
Hep. 3: 113). OriginalMaterial. NewZealand: "Insulameridionalis",
Waimate(Canterbury), May 1901,Beckett2737{G\-c. d).
110 CONTR.DNIVI-RSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME18
c) Chiloscyphus novae-zeelandiae var. grandistipulus (Schilfn.) Engel. comh. &
Stat. nov.
LophocoleagrandisdpulaSchilfn.inNaumann,Forschungsr. Gazelle4: 12,/;/.
3, f. 29-32. 1890. ORicaNAi, Maihriai,. New Zealand: Auckland, (S Nov
1875,Naumann(FH!,suhL.stipularis, nam.hb.).
2)Chiloscyphusperpusiill'Scomh. nov.
Chiloscyphusperpusillus(Hook.f.&Tayl.)Engel,comb. nov.
Jungermannia perpusilla Hook. f. & Tayl., London .1. Bot. 3: 380. 1844;
Lophocoleaperpiisilla(Hook.f.&Tayl.)G.L.&N.,Syn.Hep. 163. 1845.
Originai Material.Ni;wZi;alanixCampbellIs.,Hooker{BM\\-\].PH!).
3)Thi:TaxonomilPosihonofChiioscyphusstriathllusMass.
This species occurs in both the Valdivian and Magellanian zonesofsouthern
SouthAmerica. Ithaselongate,longitudinallyorientedlamellaeonthestem,and1
am unaware of any other member of .lungermanniales with such processes. It
bclont'its" inasectionofitsown,asfollows:
Chiloscyphussect.StriatelliEngel,sect. nov.
Folia caulinaet amphigastria caulinaprofunde bilobata, superliciehus levibis.
Caulislamellisparallelis,longitudinalibus,latitudine2-5cellularibusornata.
Type: ChiloscvphussiriatellusMass.
Leavesandundcrleavesdeeplybifid,smooth. Stemsonallsideswithparallel,
longitudinallamellae2-5cellshigh.
4)Tnr:Taxonomk PosrnoNoeChiioscyphusaposinensisPiippo
Chiloscyphus aposmensis ofChina issimilar to the pan-tropical C niuricalus
(Lehm.) Engel & Schust. ofsect. MicrolophocoleaSpruce in havingspinose leaf
surfacesanddeeplydividedleavesandundcrleaves,butdiffersfromthatspeciesin
1)theformoftheleafspines(thelumenofeachprotuberanceisconfluentwiththat
ofthesubtending laminal cell and not separated from it by a crosswall [lig. 4 in
Chang&Gao, 1984]):2)theplacementofleafspinesonlyonthedorsalsurfaceof
theleaf;and3)thedenseclustersofspinesatthedorsalbaseofeachleaf(fig.4in
Chang&Gao, 1984). Chiloscyphusaposinensisbelongsinanindependentsection,
asfollows:
Chilosc-yphussect. AposinensesEngel,sect. nov.
Folia caulina pagina dorsali spinosa; spinae dispersae (cellula quaque spina
unica ornata), sparsae ad basin ventralem, dense fasciculatae ad basin dorsalem.
digitiformes. luminibuscontluentibuscumluminibuslaminae; foliacaulinapagina
leviinstructa.
Type. Lophocolea chinensis Gao & Chang, Bull. Boi. Res. 4: 87. 1984 =
ChiloscyphusaposinensisPiippo(cf. Piippo, 1990).
Dorsal leafsurfacespinesscattered, 1 each percell,sparse atventral base, in
denseclustersatposticalbase,fingerlike,theluminaconfluentwiththatt>flamina;
ventralleafsurfacesmooth.
1992 ENGEL:CHILOSCYPHUS 111
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IamgratefultoDr.RolfSingerforassistancewiththeLatindiagnoses.
LITERATURECITED
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598,pi. 1-3.
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113-115.
Paton,J.A.1965.Lophocoleasemiteres(Lehm.)Mitt,andTelaraneamurphyaesp.nov.establishedon
Tresco.Trans.Brit.Bryol.Soc.4:775-779,f.L
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