Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins PDF
Preview Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins
Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins Edited by Bhupendra P. Doctor Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Washington. D.C. Palmer Taylor University of California. San Diego La Jolla. California Daniel M. Quinn University of Iowa Iowa City. Iowa Richard L. Rotundo University of Miami School of Medicine Miami. Florida and Mary K. Gentry Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Washington. D.C. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Structure and function of cho 1 inesterases and related proteins edited by Bhupendra P. Doctor ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4899-1542-9 1. Cho1inesterases. I. Doctor, Bhupendra P. QP609.C4S77 1998 572'.757—dc21 98-40690 CIP ISBN 978-1-4899-1542-9 ISBN 978-1-4899-1540-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-1540-5 Proceedings of the Sixth International Meeting on Cholinesterases, held March 20-24, 1998, in La Jolla, California © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 10987654321 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE The Sixth International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins, Choli nesterases '98, was organized by Palmer Taylor and his associates at the University of California-San Diego and convened in La Jolla, California, USA, in March of 1998. This was the first conference of the series to be held in the United States, let alone on the Pa cific Rim. Nearly 200 delegates from twenty countries-from Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America-heard 75 oral presentations and viewed 90 posters on current research on cholinesterases and related proteins. The meeting framework was structured to include two days of plenary sessions, followed by two days of concurrent sessions and workshops in specific areas. Communication at the concurrent sessions was facilitated by the conference settings of the Martin Johnson House, on a scenic bluff overlooking the blue Pacific Ocean, and the San Diego Supercomputer Center, which enabled projection and rotation of protein structures in three dimensions for a large audience. This book is the compilation of the presentations at the Sixth International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins into a volume that describes recent investigations on the structure, catalytic and non-catalytic functions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and related proteins, as well as studies on the molecular and cellular biology of these enzymes and the genes that encode them. The Organizing and Scientific Advisory Committees established two named lecture ships to honor distinguished investigators in the field, who have, over decades, contributed to its present state of development. Dr. Bert N. La Du and Dr. Irwin B. Wilson were se lected for this honor in recognition of their long-standing and pioneering contributions to the field of cholinesterases. Dr. Jean Massoulie delivered the Bert La Du lecture and Dr. Israel Silman, the Irwin Wilson lecture. The second and third articles in the book are the lectures delivered by Drs. Massoulie and Silman. The conference covered a range oftopics on the biochemistry of cholinesterases and related proteins: structures, structure-activity relationships, and catalytic mechanisms of cholinesterases, related a/~-hydrolase fold proteins, and organophosphorus hydrolases; the interactions of cholinesterases with toxic organophosphorus pest control and chemical warfare agents and with agents designed for the palliative therapy of senile dementias; mechanisms of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of cholinesterase expres- v vi Preface sion and cellular aspects of cholinesterase regulation, including assembly, stability, and protein targeting to synapses; and non-catalytic functions of acetylcholinesterase. Bhupendra P. Doctor Palmer Taylor Daniel M. Quinn Richard L. Rotundo Mary K. Gentry ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following organizations and individuals are gratefully acknowledged for their support of the Sixth International Meeting on Cholinesterases. SPONSORS OECD OCDE PARIS United States Army Medical Research Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Command and Development San Diego Supercomputer Center, American Society for Pharmacology and Experi mental Therapeutics, and the International Society for Neurochemistry CHAIRMAN Dr. Palmer Taylor USA ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Drs. Bhupendra Doctor, Daniel Quinn, James Romano, Terrone Rosenberry, Richard Rotundo, Joel Sussman, and Palmer Taylor vii viii Acknowledgments LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Drs. Phillip Bourne, James Briggs, J. Andrew McCammon, Zoran Radic, Palmer Taylor, and Lynn Ten Eyck MEETING STAFF Patti Holmes, Nancy Jensen, Valerie Markham, and Pamela Riley INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Drs. Steven Brimijoin, A.S. Balasubramanian, Myrek Cygler, B.P. Doctor, Ezio Gia cobini, Susan Greenfield, Nibaldo Inestrosa, Jean Massoulie, Daniel Quinn, James Ro mano, Elsa Reiner, Terrone Rosenberry, Avigdor Shafferman, Israel Silman, Hermona Soreq, Joel Sussman, Palmer Taylor, Jean-Pierre Toutant, and David Small Lively and thoughtful scientific communication depends on the prior preparation and spontaneous discussions stimulated by the participants. However, success of a meet ing often falls upon key individuals who provide the initiative and support for planning, coordinate the organizational endeavors and carry out particular responsibilities. In this re gard, we are particularly indebted to Bhupendra P. Doctor, Jim Romano, Hermona Soreq, Jean-Pierre Toutant, and Palmer Taylor for securing the sponsorship and support for the meeting, to Zoran RadiC for preparing the abstract booklet and handling many organiza tional details, to Bhupendra P. Doctor, Mary Kay Gentry, and Dan Quinn for editorial re sponsibilities and negotiations with the publisher, and to Pamela Riley for coordinating the meeting schedule, securing the site locations, overseeing the registration and assisting many of the participants with their travel plans. CONTENTS Color Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. xxv Bert La Du -ASPET Plenary Lecture Bert N. La Du, a Summary of His Career to 1998 ............................. . Oksana Lockridge Diversity and Processing of Acetylcholinesterase .............................. 3 Jean Massoulie, Alain Anselmet, Suzanne Bon, Eric Krejci, Claire Legay, Ebrahim Mayat, Nathalie Morel, and Stephanie Simon Irwin B. Wilson Plenary Lecture Structural and Functional Studies on Acetylcholinesterase: A Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Israel Silman and Joel L. Sussman I. THE GENES AND GENE PRODUCTS OF THE CHOLINESTERASES A. Lectures Genetic Manipulations of Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Functions of Human Cholinesterases ............................................. . . . . . . . 35 Hermona Soreq ACHE Knockout Mouse; Cat AChE and Cat BChE Sequences; Tetramers of BChE 41 Oksana Lockridge, Wei Hua Xie, Arnaud Chatonnet, Palmer Taylor, Cynthia F. Bartels, and Cibby Varkey Altamirano Molecular Mechanisms Controlling the Synapse-Specific Expression and Activity-Linked Regulation of Acetylcholinesterase in Skeletal Muscle Fibers . . 45 Bernard 1. Jasmin, Celine Boudreau-Lariviere, Feisal A. Adatia, Lindsay Angus, Roxanne Y. Y. Chan, Mark Kotlarewski, Andrea M. Krupa, and Fawzi A. Mankal ix x Contents Intronic Elements Appear Essential for the Differentiation-Specific Expression of Acetylcholinesterase in C2C 12 Myotubes ............................... 51 Shelley Camp and Palmer Taylor The Building of Acetylcholinesterase Collagen-Tailed Forms: A Model 57 Eric Krejci Fluorescent Fasciculin: A New Probe for Studying the Targeting, Attachment, and Organization of Acetylcholinesterase at the Neuromuscular Synapse. . . . . . . . . . 65 Richard L. Rotundo, Susana G. Rossi, Hong Pu, and H. Benjamin Peng Factors That Determine AChE Efficacy in Synaptic Function 71 Lili Anglister Glucocorticoid Control of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Expression in the Mammalian Organism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Katarina Zajc-Kreft, Martina Brank, Urska Weber, and Zoran Grubic Four Acetylcholinesterase Genes in the Nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Emmanuel Culetto, Marta Grauso, Didier Combes, Yann Fedon, Rita Romani, Jean-Pierre Toutant, and Martine Arpagaus Neural Activation of Muscles Regulates Muscle Acetylcholinesterase Expression 93 Janez Sketelj and Neva Crne-Finderle Acetylcholinesterase in Elapid Snakes: Identification ofa New Exon in Bungarus fasciatus ......................................................... 99 Xavier Cousin, Suzanne Bon, Jacques Grassi, Jean Massoulie, and Cassian Bon Structure and Function ofCholinesterases from Agnathans and Cephalochordates: Implications for the Evolution of Cholinesterases ..................... . . . . 105 Leo Pezzementi, David Sutherland, Michael Sanders, Weily Soong, Daniel Milner, James Scott McClellan, Mathew Sapp, William Blake Coblentz, Gabriel Rulewicz, and Sarah Merritt B. Posters The Human ACHE Locus Includes a Polymorphic Enhancer Domain l7KB Upstream from the Transcription Start Site .............................. 111 M. Shapira, M. Komer, L. Bosgraaf, I. Tur-Kaspa, and H. Soreq Novel Transcription Start Site for Murine AChE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 E. Atanasova and S. Brimijoin Neurotrophins Differentially Regulate Expression of Cholinergic Enzymes in Cultured Spinal Cord Motoneurons .................................... 113 Andrea M. Krupa, David J. Parry, and Bernard J. Jasmin
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