Table Of ContentComprehensive Urology 5
Comprehensive Urology
Edited by Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat
University of California at Berkeley
and Robert R. Wagner
University of Virginia
Editorial Board
Purnell W. Choppin, Rockefeller University
Harrison Echols, University of California at Berkeley
Harold S. Ginsberg, Columbia University
Leon Hirth, University of Strasbourg
Peter H. Hofschneider, Max Planck Institut fiir Biochemie
E. M. J. Jaspars, University of Leiden
R. E. F. Matthews, University of Auckland
Yoshimi Okada, University of Tokyo
Lennart Philipson, University of Uppsala
Aaron J. Shatkin, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology
Robert L. Sinsheimer, California Institute of Technology
Peter K. Vogt, University of Southern California
Robley C. Williams, University of California at Berkeley
William B. Wood, California Institute of Technology
Volume 1: Descriptive Catalogue of Viruses - by Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat
Reproduction
Volume 2: Small and Intermediate RNA Viruses - Contributors: J.T. August,
L. Eoyang, A. Siegel, V. Hariharasubramanian, L. Levintow,
E. R. Pfefferkorn, D. Shapiro, and W. K. Joklik
Volume 3: DNA Animal Viruses - Contributors: L. Philipson, U. lindberg, J.A. Rose,
N.P. Salzman, G. Khoury, B. Moss, B. Roizman, and D. Furlong
Volume 4: Large RNA Viruses - Contributors: P.W. Choppin, RW. Compans,
R.R. Wagner, and J.P. Bader
In preparation:
DNA Bacteriophages - Contributors: D. T. Denhardt, C.K. Mathews,
and RS. Ray
Structure and Assembly
Volume 5: Virions, Pseudo virions, and Intraviral Nucleic Acids - Contributors:
T.I. Tikchonenko, John T. Finch, lionel V. Crawford, and H. Vasken
Aposhian
Volume 6: Assembly of Small RNA Viruses - Contributors: L. Hirth, P.P. Hung,
T. Ohno, Y. Okada, K.E. Richards, RR. Rueckert, and R.C. Williams
Other W. Bauer, D.L.D. Caspar, P.W. Choppin, RW. Compans, F.A. Eiserling,
contributors W. Fiers, RM. Franklin, H.S. Ginsberg, K.A. Harrap, J. King, T.W. Tinsley,
include:
J. Vinograd, and W.B. Wood
Regulation and Genetics
Volume 7: Bacteriophages - Contributors: R. Calendar, E. P. Geiduschek, M.E.
Gottesman, S. Gottesman, and R. Weisberg
Other J. Atabekov, D. Baltimore, D. Bishop, M.A. Bratt, A. Campbell, P. Cooper,
con tribu tors W. Doerfler,W. Eckhart, B. Fields, H. Ginsberg, H. Hanafusa, A. Huang,
include:
E.M.J. Jaspars, J. Kates, A. Lewis, D. Nathans, E.R. Pfefferkorn, C. Pringle,
J.R. Roberts, H.L. Sanger, A.J. Shatkin, F. W. Stahl, J.H. Subak-Sharpe,
W. Szybalski, L. Van Vloten-Doting, and P. Vogt
Interaction of Viruses and Their Hosts
Effects of Physical and Chemical Agents
omprehensive
Edited by
Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat
Department 0/ Molecular Biology and Virus Laboratory
University o/Cali/omiD, Berkeley, Cali/omiD
and
Robert R.Wagner
Department 0/M icrobiology
University 0/ VirginiD, Charlottesville, Virginia
irology
5
Structure and Assembly
Virions, Pseudovirions,
and Intraviral Nucleic Acids
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz, 1910-
Comprehensive virology.
Includes bibliographies.
1. Virology-Collected works. I. Wagner, Robert R., 1923- joint author.
II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Virus diseases. 2. Viruses. QW160 F799cal
QR357.F72 576'.64'08 74-5494
ISBN 978-1-4684-2711-0 ISBN 978-1-4684-2709-7 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-1-4684-2709-7
© 1975 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, London, NWI0 6SE, England
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Foreword
The time seems ripe for a critical compendium of that segment of
the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having
passed only recently through its descriptive phase of naming and num
hering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few
new-truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the in
tellectual probes and techniques of molecular biology, genetics,
biochemical cytology, and high-resolution microscopy and
spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explo
sion.
Few serious attempts have been made to chronicle these events.
This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a
total of about 22 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of
active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great
mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and
disjointed, and scattered throughout a wide literature. In this way, we
hope to place the entire field in perspective, and to develop an in
valuable reference a·nd sourcebook for researchers and students at all
levels.
This series is designed as a continuum that can be entered
anywhere, but which also provides a logical progression of developing
facts and integrated concepts.
Volume 1 contains an alphabetical catalogue of almost all viruses
of vertebrates, insects, plants, and protists, describing them in general
terms. Volumes 2-4 deal primarily, but not exclusively, with the
processes of infection and reproduction of the major groups of viruses
in their hosts. Volume 2 deals with the simple RNA viruses of bacteria,
plants, and animals; the togaviruses (formerly called arboviruses),
which share with these only the feature that the virion's RNA is able to
act as messenger RNA in the host cell; and the reoviruses of animals
and plants, which all share several structurally singular features, the
most important being the double-strandedness of their multiple RNA
vii
viii Foreword
molecules. This grouping, of course, has only slightly more in its favor
than others that could have been, or indeed were, considered.
Volume 3 addresses itself to the reproduction of all DNA-contain
ing viruses of vertebrates, a seemingly simple act of classification, even
though the field encompasses the smallest and the largest viruses
known. (The reproduction of the DNA-bacteriophages will be dealt
with later, probably in Volume 8.)
The reproduction of the larger and more complex RNA viruses is
the subject matter of Volume 4. These viruses share the property of
lipid-rich envelopes with the togaviruses included in Volume 2. They
share as a group, and with the reoviruses, the presence of enzymes in
their virions and the need for their RNA to become transcribed before
it can serve messenger functions.
Volumes 5 and 6 represent the first in a series that focuses primarily
on the structure and assembly of virus particles. Other volumes nearing
completion will deal with animal virus genetics, multicomponent plant
viruses, regulation of viral replication, virus-host relationships, etc. The
completed series will endeavor to encompass all aspects of the
molecular biology and the behavior of viruses.
We hope to keep this series up to date at all times by prompt and
rapid publication of all contributions, and by encouraging the authors
to update their chapters by additions or corrections whenever a volume
is reprinted.
Contents
Chapter 1
Structure of Viral Nucleic Acids in Situ
T. I. Tikchonenko
1. Viruses with Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids. . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Rodlike and Filamentous RNA-Containing
Viruses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2. Filamentous DNA-Containing Phages .......... 25
1.3. Isometric RNA-Containing Viruses. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.4. Isometric DNA-Containing Viruses. . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2. Viruses with Double-Stranded DNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.1. The Tertiary Structure of DNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.2. The Secondary Structure of DNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3. Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
. 4. References....................................... 99
Chapter 2
Structure of Small DNA-Containing Animal Viruses
John T. Finch and Lionel V. Crawford
1. General Principles of Virus Structure ................ 119
2. Papilloma Viruses ................................ 120
2.1. Biology of the Viruses ........................ 120
2.2. Composition................................ 121
2.3. Structure................................... 123
3. SV40 and Polyoma Virus .......................... 139
3.1. Biology of the Viruses ........................ 139
3.2. Composition................................ 140
ix
x Contents
3.3. Structure................................... 145
3.4. Related Human Viruses ...................... 149
4. References....................................... 151
Chapter 3
Pseudovirions in Animals, Plants, and Bacteria
H. Vas ken Aposhian
1. Introduction..................................... 155
1.1. Definitions.................................. 155
1.2. Scope of the Chapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156
2. Animal Cell Pseudovirions ......................... 157
2.1. Polyoma Pseudovirions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157
2.2. SV40 Pseudovirions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 186
2.3. Other Animal Virus Systems Studied for
Pseudovirions ............................. 196
3. Plant Cell Pseudovirions (Tobacco Mosaic
Pseudovirions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 197
3.1. Separation.................................. 197
3.2. Characterization............................. 198
4. Bacterial Cell Pseudovirions(Generalized Transducing
Phages) ....................................... 199
5. Orphan Pseudo virions ............................. 201
5.1. From Bacillus subtilis ........................ 201
5.2. From Bacillus licheniformis ................... 210
6. Possible Biological Roles of Pseudovirions . . . . . . . . . . .. 211
7. Summary........................................ 212
8. References....................................... 213
Index ..... .................................... "" ...... , 219
